Hvac Excellence Hfo Presentation PDF

HFO Refrigerants &
Other Solutions for a

Changing Industry
Rick Wentling
NA Market Development Manager
Opteon™ Stationary Refrigerants
Lainey Liotta
NA Market Development Manager
Opteon™ Mobile Refrigerants
April 5, 2018
“The human brain starts working the moment
you are born and never stops until you stand
up to speak in public.”
– George Jessel (Actor/Comedian)

Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
2. Regulatory Background & Market Drivers
3. The Future of Refrigerants
• Industrial Gases
• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability 101
5. Preparing for the Future
• Refrigeration
• Air Conditioning
6. Protecting your Future
7. Educational Resources Overview
8. Questions
3
The Chemours Story
1930 2011 2016 2018

DuPont co-invents DuPont commercializes Low Chemours breaks ground on Announced investment in
fluorine-based GWP Hydroflouro-olefin (HFOs) world’s largest HFO new World-Class Innovation
refrigerants (CFCs) Center for R&D
manufacturing facility An
Exciting
Future…
~1990 2015 2017
Chemours named a
Commercial Sales of Hydro- DuPont spins off its History is restored 2017 Fortune 500
fluorocarbons (HFCs) begin Performance Chemicals through Freon™ Company
business, creating
Chemours (NYSE: CC)
4
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
5
Refrigerant Profiles are Changing
Phase OUT due to “Ozone Depletion Potential” (ODP).

EPA Final Rule – R-22 Consumption Allowances.
R-22 Phase Out – Final 2 Years
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
62 52 22 18 13 9 4
30% Less than 2017

6
HFC Regulations – US EPA SNAP Program
July 2016 2018 2020 2023 2024

R- 404A/507 R- 404A/507 R- 404A/507, 134a, R- 404A/507, R- 134a, 404A/507,
407A/C/F, 410A 407A, 410A 407C, 410A
Cannot be used to retrofit Cannot be used in the Cannot be used in the
Cannot be used in the Cannot be used in the
the following equipment: following new equipment: following new equipment:
following new equipment: following new equipment:
• Racks • Condensing Units* • Stand Alone (LT)*
• Cold Storage • Centrifugal Chillers**
• Condensing Units* • Stand Alone
Warehouses** • Positive Displacement
• Stand Alone Equip.* (MT >2200 Btu/hr.)*
Chillers**
• Vending Machines*
2017 2019 2021

R- 404A/507 R- 404A/507, R- 404A/507,
134a,407A/C/F, 410A 407A/C/F, * - EPA SNAP Rule 20
Cannot be used in the Cannot be used in the Cannot be used in the ** - EPA SNAP Rule 21
following new equipment: following new equipment: following new equipment:
• Racks* • Stand Alone • Refrigerated food
(MT <2200 Btu/hr.)* processing / dispensing** This is a summary of the most commonly used
• Household Refrigerators refrigerants. Please consult EPA.gov/SNAP for a full
• Vending Machines*
list of unacceptable products.
& Freezers**
SNAP Rule 20 Vacated in January 2018

7
Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol
Oct. 2016
100%
2018 2047
HFC Phase-down Takes effect 2019 Businesses should start Kigali has created a
(CO2 equivalent) >20 member planning now for a framework for regulatory
Not a Phase-Out countries ratified low-GWP future bodies to address global
warming
8
Other Key Regulations
Environment & Climate Change Canada
Canada HFC Phasedown

100
ODSHAR Amendment
• Effective April 16, 2018
90
• Overall CO2-based cap & phase-
80 down, in addition to GWP limits
70 by select applications
& vs. Baseline
60
50
90
40
30 60
20
30
10 20
15
0
2019 2024 2029 2034 2036
Year
Baseline is determined from the average imports of HFCs plus 15% of HCFCs in 2011, 2012, and 2013.
9
Other Key Regulations
California Air Resources Board
Stationary Refrigerant limits in 2021 – Proposed Service

GWP Limit GWP Limit
New Systems (Proposed) Restrictions (Year)
Commercial Refrigeration containing >50lb 150 2020 2,500
Commercial Refrigeration containing 20-50lb 1,500 2024 1,500
New Chillers (AC & Refrigeration) 150
AC systems containing >2lb 750
10
Ready or Not….
http://r744.com/articles/8129/senators_introduce_bill_giving_epa_power_over_hfcs?ut
m_source=mailchimp&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Bi-weekly%20Newsletter
http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/374292-senate-bill-
would-let-epa-implement-global-greenhouse-gas-deal
https://insideepa.com/daily-feed/california-senate-bill-adopts-strict-obama-epa-hfc-rules
11
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
12
Evolution of Refrigerant Technology
TODAY &
1800s–1920s 1930s 1950s 1990s TOMORROW
Industrial Chemicals CFCs HCFCs HFCs Industrial + HFOs and

(Methyl Chloride, (R-12) (R-22) (R-134a) Chemicals HFO Blends
Ammonia, CO2, etc.) Chlorine Less Chlorine No Chlorine (CO2, Hydrocarbons, (R-1234yf, 1234ze,
Single Bond Single Bond Single Bond Ammonia) R-449A, 513A, etc.)
No Chlorine
Double Bond
High ODP Lower ODP No ODP No ODP
Highest GWP High GWP High GWP Very Low GWP
13
Industrial Gases as Refrigerants
• Not new, some of the earliest refrigerants
• Used currently where they make sense (safety and

efficiency concerns)
• Rebranding as “natural” products, but:
− The so-called “natural” refrigerants are actually industrial

gases produced in large chemical processing facilities
− These facilities use energy to create or isolate, purify CO 2,

hydrocarbons and ammonia
− They also use feedstocks and generate wastes similar to

other chemical manufacturing processes
April 5, 2018 14
Hydrocarbon Manufacturing – Example: Propane (R-290)
• Hydrocarbons are produced in an oil refinery or natural gas processing plant
• Many process steps to produce high purity refrigerants such as propane:
Natural Gas Process Steps

Start
Example Processing steps:

▪ Condensate and water removal
▪ Acid gas removal
▪ Dehydration
▪ Mercury removal
Finish
▪ Nitrogen removal
▪ Natural gas liquid recovery
▪ Fractionation
▪ Sweetening purification units
April 5, 2018 15
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natu ral-gas_pro cessing
Ammonia Manufacturing (R-717)
• Ammonia is primarily produced by reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen

• However, there are several steps preceding this, starting with natural gas
feedstock:
1. Sulfur removal from natural gas feedstock:
H2 + RSH → RH + H2S (gas)
2. Hydrogen sulfide absorption through beds of zinc oxide:
Ammonia Plant
H2S + ZnO → ZnS + H2O
3. Catalytic steam reforming to form hydrogen plus carbon monoxide:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
4. Catalytic shift conversion to carbon dioxide and more hydrogen:
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
5. Carbon dioxide is then removed by absorption.
6. Catalytic methanation to remove small amounts of CO and CO2
CO + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 +2H2O
7. Hydrogen is then catalytically reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous
liquid ammonia, and purified
3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
April 5, 2018 16
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_production
CO2 (R-744) Manufacturing
CO2 is primarily produced by: CO2 Distillation from

• Combustion of fossil fuel (e.g. coal, oil, gas) Air is Highly Inefficient
• Separation of the CO2 from the combustion product stream (e.g. flue gas)
• Several purification steps
CO2 separation and purification

from power plant flue gas CO2 Production Options
April 5, 2018 17
What is “Natural”?
Natural
adjective nat·u·ral \ˈna-chə-rəl, ˈnach-rəl\
ADJECTIVE
1. existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind:
"carrots contain a natural antiseptic that fights bacteria"
2. of or in agreement with the character or makeup of, or circumstances

surrounding, someone or something:
"sharks have no natural enemies"
3. (of a parent or child) related by blood:

"such adopted children always knew who their natural parents were"
April 5, 2018 18
What is “Natural”?
“Natural” – Not a scientific or engineering term

• Not something that can be measured, tested
− i.e. US FDA – no real definition
• Controversial usage in advertising/marketing hype
− “All-natural”, “Natural”
− Foods, supplements, cosmetics, cleaners, disinfectants, etc.
“Occurring in Nature” is a low and not very useful criteria:

Water, Helium, Air, Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide, Ammonia, Natural Gas, Methylene Chloride
Lead, Arsenic, Mercury
Strychnine, Anthrax, Botulinum
April 5, 2018 19
Fluids in Refrigeration Systems Should Be Based On….
• Measurable data and objective chemical, physical, thermodynamic and

environmental properties
• Standard and reproducible engineering principles, measurements and testing
For Example:
− Boiling Point − Global Warming Potential
− Vapor Pressure − Toxicity (Acute, Chronic, etc.)
− Heat Capacity − Flammability (LFL, UFL, Burning Velocity)
− Ozone Depletion Potential − Heat of Combustion)
− Atmospheric Lifetime − Energy Efficiency
Not on ill or undefined, marketing hype or political buzz words, i.e. Natural
April 5, 2018 20
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
21
“Technology is anything invented after you
were born, everything else is just stuff.”
– Alan Kay – Noted Computer Scientist (Apple, Disney, HP)

Evolution of Refrigerant Technology
TODAY &
1800s–1920s 1930s 1950s 1990s TOMORROW
Industrial Chemicals CFCs HCFCs HFCs Industrial + HFOs and

(Methyl Chloride, (R-12) (R-22) (R-134a) Chemicals HFO Blends
Ammonia, CO2, etc.) Chlorine Less Chlorine No Chlorine (CO2, Hydrocarbons, (R-1234yf, 1234ze,
Single Bond Single Bond Single Bond Ammonia) R-449A, 513A, etc.)
No Chlorine
Double Bond
High ODP Lower ODP No ODP
No ODP
Highest GWP High GWP High GWP
Very Low GWP
Selection of Refrigerants for the Future Will Need to Balance Performance

(Capacity and Efficiency), Safety and Sustainability, and Total Cost of System Ownership
23
What is Global Warming Potential?
Global Warming Potential (GWP) Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

The potential for a gas to trap heat The potential for substances to
in the atmosphere, resulting in reduce the amount of ozone in the
climate change. atmosphere which blocks harmful
radiation from the sun.
April 5, 2018 24
What is Global Warming Potential?
• It compares the amount of heat trapped by a certain mass of the gas in question to
the amount of heat trapped by a similar mass of carbon dioxide.
• Depends on:
– the absorption of infrared radiation by a given species
– the spectral location of its absorbing wavelengths
– The atmospheric lifetime of the species
Atmospheric Life → rates of destruction reactions ( hydroxyl radical )
Huge Variation between different molecules
April 5, 2018 25
What is Global Warming Potential
Molecule Structure Atmospheric GWP

Lifetime
PFC-116 CF3-CF3 No hydrogen 10,000 years 11,100
HFC-134a CH2F-CF3 2-H atoms 13 years 1300
HFO-1234yf CH2=CF-CF3 “Olefin” 11 days <1
April 5, 2018 26
How HFO’s Work
HFC HFC
Hydro fluorocarbon Hydro fluoro olefin
Double bond in HFOs

Quicker breakdown in the
atmosphere,
yet stable in systems
HFC-134a HFO-1234yf
13 Years Atmospheric Life 11 Days
1300 GWP <1
April 5, 2018 27
R-1234yf … Just Like R-134a
3.5
3
R-134a HFO-1234yf
2.5 Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2

Pressure, MPa
2
Molecular Weight 102 114
1.5 ODP 0 0
1
134a
GWP100 (AR5) 1300 <1
0.5 1234yf T Critical Point 102 ºC 95ºC
0 Boiling Point -26ºC -29ºC
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature, oC
• Same Operating Conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)

• Capacity & Efficiency similar to HFC-134a
April 5, 2018 28
Teaching Tool for Educators
April 5, 2018 29
Teaching Tool for Educators – HFO Explainer Videos
Search for:
“Getting to know Opteon™”
April 5, 2018 30
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
4. Refrigerant Flammability Classifications 101
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
31
Refrigerant Flammability Classifications
Flammability
Examples:
Classification
Highly Flammable 3 Propane, Isobutane
Moderately Flammable
2 R-152a
Mildly Flammable 2L R-1234yf, R-452B
R-134a, R-410A
Non-Flammable 1
To meet 2L flammability, burning velocity must be ≤ 10 cm/s
April 5, 2018 32
Flammability Parameters
• Lower / Upper Flammability Limits (LFL / UFL)

– Minimum / Maximum concentrations of a substance in air that exhibit flame
propagation (usually shown as volume % in air).
Parameter Risk Trend
• Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE)
Lower LFL
– Minimum energy required to ignite a flammable
gas / air mixture. Sources with energy levels below this value will not result in an Larger (UFL – LFL)
ignition.
Lower MIE
• Burning Velocity (BV)
– The velocity of a laminar flame under given values of composition, temperature Higher UFL
and pressure.
Higher HOC
• Heat Of Combustion (HOC)
– Heat per unit mass (or mole) released by the combustion of a substance.
April 5, 2018 33
Flammability Data Comparison
R-290 R-717
R-152a R-1234yf
(Propane) (Ammonia)
Safety Rating A3 A2 B2L A2L

LFL (vol. %) 2.2 3.9 15.0 6.2
UFL (vol. %) 10.0 16.9 28.0 12.3
UFL – LFL (vol. %) 7.8 13.0 13.0 6.1

MIE (mJ) 0.25 0.38 100 - 300 > 5,000
BV (cm/s) 46 23 7.2 1.5
HOC (kJ/g) 46.3 16.5 18.6 10.7
April 5, 2018 34
“Technology changes very fast, but people
change very slowly.”
– Paul Adams – Global Head of Brand Design - Facebook

Codes & Standards
• Standards updates required to address

flammable refrigerant needs
• Code updates also required

– UMC, IMC, IRC, NFPA
• EPA activities
– SNAP
• Industry activities supporting

flammable refrigerants
– Joint ASHRAE-AHRI-DOE research
April 5, 2018 36
Working Safely will Change
• Identification
• Controlling charge size / room area
• Eliminating ignition sources
• Leak detection
• Mitigation strategies
• Best work practices
• Education & training
April 5, 2018 37
Working Safely will Change
April 5, 2018 38
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
39
When the winds of change blow, some people
build walls and others build windmills.
– Chinese Proverb
Opteon Low GWP HFO Products for Refrigeration
R-22 R-404A/507 R-134a

(HCFC) (HFC) (HFC)
Incumbent Gas GWP: 1760 GWP: 3943 GWP: 1300
XP Series
Non-Flammable Replacement XP40 XP40 XP10
(R-449A) (R-449A) (R-513A)
XL Series GWP: 1282 GWP: 1282 GWP: 573
Mildly Flammable Replacement
Not Yet Commercial XL20 XP44 XL10

for Stationary in US
(R-454C) (R-452A) (R-1234yf)
GWP: 146 GWP: 1945 GWP: <1
XL40
(R-454A)
GWP: 237
XL20
(R-454C)
GWP: 146
April 5, 2018 41
Meeting Regulatory Goals with an Optimal Balance of
Performance and Sustainability
Replaces R-22 & R-404A Optimal Balance of Properties
✓ Meets regulatory requirements
Non-ozone depleting
SNAP listed; 67% lower GWP vs. R-404A/507
✓ Reduces energy consumption

Up to 12% energy savings
✓ Extends life of existing equipment

Compatible with installed base
✓ Non-flammable, Non-toxic (A1)

ASHRAE #: R-449A
✓ Commercially available & OEM Approved
• Emerson (Copeland), Bitzer, Tecumseh, Danfoss Approved
Blend Components: R-1234yf/134a/125/32 • Thousands of supermarkets & commercial refrigeration
Blend Composition: 25.3/25.7/24.7/24.3 systems already using R-449A globally
April 5, 2018 42
Solutions
Opteon™ XP40 Opteon™ XP10 Opteon™ XP44

(R-449A) (R-513A) (R-452A)
Replaces R-22 & R-404A Replaces R-134A Replaces R-404A
• GWP of 1282 • GWP of 573 • GWP of 1945

• Matches R-22 & R-404A o 56% lower than R-134a o 45% lower than R-404A
performance • Matches R-134a performance • Matches R-404A properties
• Non-flammable • Non-flammable • Non-flammable
• Widely adopted • Works in existing equipment • Works in existing equipment
• Works in existing equipment. • Approved by major • Approved by major
• Approved by major equipment/component equipment/component manufacturers
equipment/component manufacturers • Approved in Remote Condensing
manufacturers • Increasing popularity for including Equipment & Transport
in CO2 cascade designs
April 5, 2018 45
Low GWP Solutions for Chillers
Non-Flammable Mildly Flammable

Chiller Current Applicable Regulations
Replacement Replacement
Type Refrigerant for the United States
(ASHRAE Class 1) (ASHRAE Class 2L)
US EPA SNAP Change of Opteon™ XL55
High R-410A Status, Effective 1/2024 (R-452B)
Pressure (HFC) Use of R-410A in New Opteon™ XL41
Chillers is unacceptable (R-454B)
US EPA SNAP Change of
Medium R-134a Status, Effective 1/2024 Opteon™ XP10 Opteon™ XL10
Pressure (HFC) Use of R-134a in New (R-513A) (R-1234yf)
Chillers is unacceptable
US Clean Air Act (605):
No New R-123 equipment,
Low R-123 Effective 1/2020 Opteon™ XP30
Pressure (HCFC) (R-514A)
No production or import
of R-123, Effective 1/2030
46
What About Air Conditioning?
47
R-22 is Still Driving AC
Only TWO cooling seasons remain before R-22 consumption allowances reach ZERO.
R-22 Phase Out
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
62 52 22 18 13 9 4
30% Less than 2017

48
R-22 in Air Conditioning – Refrigerant Management
MO/AB/POE Compatible POE Oil Change
Retrofit
System 1 System 1
Freon™ OR
R-407C
Reclaim Return to Wholesaler
MO99 refrigerant reclaim center to
System 1 get value ($) for R-22
R-22 Replace New

System
R-410A
System 2 System 3 System 4
R-22 R-22 R-22

Recovered Use recovered R-22 to service other equipment
R-22
Recycle
System 5 System 6 System 7
R-22 R-22 R-22

April 5, 2018 49 49
Freon™ MO99 (R-438A)
The first “no oil change” versatile R-22 retrofit refrigerant
✓ Compatible with MO, AB, & POE lubricants

Closest performance match of all R-22 “No Oil
✓ Change” alternatives
~93% capacity match & comparable energy efficiency
ASHRAE #:
R-438A ✓ Extends life of existing equipment & minimizes
component changes
Blend Components: Pressures & mass flow close match to R-22
R-32/125/134a/600/601a Compatible with installed base
Only replace the Schrader valve caps and cores in most applications
✓ Non-flammable, low toxicity (A1)

✓ SNAP listed & UL approved
✓ Field proven, trusted quality for 10+ years
50
R-22 Retrofit Considerations
There is NO such thing as a “drop in” refrigerant.

No other refrigerant provides exactly
the same cooling, efficiency, durability,
and other performance factors as the
original refrigerant, with no changes to
the existing equipment.
It is a recommended good practice to

always change filter driers and
critical elastomeric seals. Why?
51
Oil Management Considerations
“No oil change” solutions can be used very effectively in most Residential A/C, Commercial A/C and Refrigeration systems.
The following considerations are true for ANY “No Oil Change” Product:
System Guidance
More complex systems with potential for
challenging oil return ~20% POE addition
• Long pipe runs and/or poor line velocity design
• Liquid receivers but no oil separator present
Replace Oil in Compressor
Trane™ 3-D™ Scroll / Danfoss SM Scroll
Sump with POE
Detailed system evaluation
Screw compressors
recommended
Note:
Use of any 400-series retrofit blend is not recommended in systems with flooded evaporators
52
Beyond 410A….
Charge
Equipment Type Size (lb) • Refrigerant selection will vary by application
Window /
depending on:
<1 – Price Sensitivity
Portable AC
– Self contained vs. split equipment design
Residential
<2 – Codes/Standards & allowable charge size limits
Ductless Split
– Energy Efficiency Targets
Residential
< 10
Ducted Split • GWP vs. Flammability trade-offs
Commercial – Lowest GWP fluids will be A2L / A3
Unitary 50+
Rooftop
• Industry is working together to establish appropriate
Commercial
multi-split 50+ codes & standards to implement new technology
(VRF)
53
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
54
Quality is the best business plan.
– John Lasseter, CEO of PIXAR
Not All Refrigerants are Created Equal
Protect yourself against counterfeit & un-approved products!
Check the EPA website to make sure the product you’re buying is SNAP listed!
it is illegal to sell refrigerants into the United States market that are not SNAP listed for the
specified end-use application.
Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a
detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to
contractors and equipment owners.
Toxicity/
Flammability Legality Limited Tech
Health
Concerns Concerns Support
Concerns
https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-residential-and-light-commercial-air-conditioning-and-heat-pumps
April 5, 2018 56
Uncontrolled variation is the enemy of quality.
– Edward Deming, Basic Statistical Tools for Improving Quality
ANSI/ASHRAE Safety Classification Process
NOAEL/LOEL
LC50-Lethal Concentration
CNS – Central nervous system effects
Composition Cardiac sensitization
Tolerances of Blend Occupational exposure limit Flammability
Flame propagation
Boiling point Toxicity Burn velocity
Molar mass
Vapor pressure at 20C Worst case flammability formula
Leak scenarios - fractionation
Products that have not undergone the industry standard safety classifications process or a
detailed safety review by the EPA can pose a significant financial and safety risk to
contractors and equipment owners.
April 5, 2018 58
Session Agenda
1. Chemours History
• HFOs
• Refrigeration
8. Questions
59
Education is the passport to the future,
for tomorrow belongs to those
who prepare for it today.
– Malcom X
Free Educational Materials
Industry & OEM Support – Training, Product Info Technical Data/Literature

PT, Enthalpy, Thermo, Conversion Guides, etc.
Field Technical Support On-going Energy Analysis Refrigerant Expert Software Interactive Technology
Engineering Evaluations
Store Conversions PT App
www.Opteon.com www.Freon.com
61
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Version 1.0
Designing or
evaluating a system?
Our FREE software
can help!
April 5, 2018 62
Model Selection
Four different cycles can be selected

1) Single-stage compression
2) Single-stage compression with internal heat exchanger
3) Two-stage compression with a cascade
4) Single-stage heat pump cycle
April 5, 2018 63
Single Stage Compression Modeling
Select the refrigerant

to be modeled
Ten Inputs:
1) Condenser Temp
2) Evaporator Temp
3) Subcooling
4) Superheat (Evaporator)
5) Superheat (Suction Line)
6) Theoret. Displacement
7) Refr. Capacity
8) Pressure Loss
9) Isentropic Efficiency
10) Volumetric Efficiency
April 5, 2018 64
Single Stage Compression Modeling Tips
• In modeling a blend (R-4XX refrigerant) there will be a difference between

the input condenser and evaporator temperatures and the mean
condenser and evaporator temperatures
• Due to temperature glide
• For optimal capacity the evaporator temperature should be adjusted so the mean
evaporator temp is equal to the desired evaporator set point
• Capacity or theoretrical displacement needs to be defined to model mass
flow
• For a retrofit scenario: fix theoretrical displacement as this can simulate using the
same compressor with a new refrigerant
• For a new install scenario: fixed capacity as a system is generally designed to cool a
defined load
April 5, 2018 65
Single Stage Compression Modeling
Cycle Properties:
1a → After the evaporator

1 → Compressor Suction
2 → Compressor Discharge
3 → Liquid Line
4 → Evaporator inlet
1-2 → Enthalpy difference across
evaporator at defined isentropic efficiency
1-2a → Enthalpy difference across
evaporator assuming 100% isentropic
efficiency
By selecting “Properties” the cycle

calculations will pop up
April 5, 2018 66
Single Stage Compression Modeling – Line Sizing
Chemours Refrigerant Expert can also do line sizing
for a defined refrigerant and cycle
Line sizing calculations provide

the following information for the
suction line, liquid line and
discharge line:
1) Inside diameter
2) Velocity
3) Equivalent Length
4) Pressure drop
5) Total pressure drop
Any of the variables can be varied

depending on the design condition
April 5, 2018 67
Teaching Tool for Educators
Search for:
“Chemours CRE Software”
April 5, 2018 68
P/T Calc App
All the
information you
need in the field,
right on your
App icon for
mobile device! DRIOD®,
iPhone® and
iPad®
April 5, 2018 69
Interactive Guide to Global Regulations and Solutions
http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide
April 5, 2018 70
Washington Post 3-Part Series: HFOs & Cooling the Planet
Google Search: Chemours Washington Post
April 5, 2018 71
Educational Videos
HFO/Opteon™ 8 Simple Steps to Webinar: Regulations

Explainer Videos Retrofit Freon™ MO99 and Refrigerants
Opteon™ and Freon™ Products by Chemours
April 5, 2018 72
General Replacement Guide
April 5, 2018 73
Detailed Retrofit Guidelines
April 5, 2018 74
“No Oil Change” Product Comparison Guide
April 5, 2018 75
Technical Information
Thermodynamic & P/T & P/E Data &

Transport Properties Charts
April 5, 2018 76
Case Histories
April 5, 2018 77
White Papers
• Multi-Year Evaluation of R-449A as a Replacement for R-22 in Low

Temperature and Medium Temperature Refrigeration Applications
• Testing of Low GWP Replacements for R-410A in Stationary Air Conditioning
• Hot Surface Ignition Testing of Low GWP 2L Refrigerants
• Testing of HFO Refrigerant with Less Than 150 GWP in a Commercial Freezer
• Combined Heat and Power From Low Temperature Heat: HFO-1336mzz(Z) as
a Working Fluid for Organic Rankine
Google Search: Chemours Refrigerant White Papers
April 5, 2018 78
Other Guides
Lubricant Selection Guide

Pressure-Temperature Guides
& More!
Very Low-Temperature Guide
Refrigerants in Chillers Guide
Piping Guide (410A)
Leak Detector Guide
Product Bulletins Freon.com

Opteon.com
April 5, 2018 79
Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ & Opteon™
All Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerant Literature https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/O

(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.) pteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/literature/index.html
All Freon™ Refrigerant Literature https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/lit
(Bulletins, Case Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, etc.) erature.html
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/dow
General Replacement Guide: US Refrigerants
nloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/O
Opteon™ Low GWP Refrigerants Brochure pteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/assets/downloads/Opteon-
low-gwp-refrigerants.pdf
80
Direct Links to Educational Materials – Digital Tools
Interactive Guide to Global Refrigerants & Solutions http://www.Chemours.com/RefrigerantGuide
https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/D
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Software
UPREX/DUPREX.html
Chemours Refrigerant Expert (CRE) Software User Guide
nloads/chemours-refrigerant-expert-tool-user-guidelines.pdf
Chemours P/T Mobile App https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/uses_apps/
(Apple & Android) PT_Calculator_app.html
Washington Post | Part 1 http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-
Opteon™ Cooling the Planet connect/chemours/cooling-the-planet/
Washington Post Series | Part 2 http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-
Opteon™ Cold Warriors connect/chemours/cold-warriors/
81
Direct Links to Educational Materials – HFO/Opteon™ Videos
What’s An HFO? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5Hx5tmMwws

Opteon™ XP40 Explainer Video Part 1
Optimized Performance, Safety and Sustainability | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEkC0y8fwQY&t=30s
HFOs in New Systems & Retrofits | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThbJKmWW8-w&t=24s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwlxKkJxgMw&t=101s
Regulations Webinar (September 2017)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld44qNammSQ
Opteon™ Refrigerants: A Little More Love for the Cold Chain
82
Direct Links to Educational Materials – Freon™ MO99
https://www.chemours.com/ISCEON/en_US/assets/downloa
Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant FAQs
ds/freon-mo99-frequently-asked-questions.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Residential Property Case History
ds/Freon-MO99-case-history-florida-apartments.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Commercial Property Case Study
ds/Freon-MO99-case-history-hillside-centre.pdf
Freon™ MO99 Donnelly Mechanical Case Study
ds/Freon-MO99-case-history-donnelly.pdf
No Oil Change R-22 Replacement Comparison
ds/no-oil-change-r22-replacements-for-ac.pdf
General Refrigerant Replacement Guide nloads/opteon-freon-general-replacement-guide.pdf
Quick Switch Pocket Retrofit Guide
ds/Retrofit-R22-to-Freon-MO99-8-Basic-Steps.pdf
Convert to Freon™ MO99 in 8 Basic Steps Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0XY5Ls19ZI
Freon™ MO99 Refrigerant Detailed Retrofit Guidelines 83
nloads/freon-m099-retrofit-guidelines.pdf
Social Media
Opteon™ and
Freon™ Products
@refrigchemours Chemours
by Chemours
April 5, 2018 84
Visit us during the Expo at Booth 101!!
Thank you!
April 5, 2018

Hvac Excellence Hfo Presentation PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hvac Excellence Hfo Presentation PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HFO Refrigerants &

Other Solutions for a

– George Jessel (Actor/Comedian)

1930 2011 2016 2018

Phase OUT due to “Ozone Depletion Potential” (ODP).

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

30% Less than 2017

July 2016 2018 2020 2023 2024

2017 2019 2021

SNAP Rule 20 Vacated in January 2018

Canada HFC Phasedown

Stationary Refrigerant limits in 2021 – Proposed Service

Commercial Refrigeration containing >50lb 150 2020 2,500

Commercial Refrigeration containing 20-50lb 1,500 2024 1,500

New Chillers (AC & Refrigeration) 150

AC systems containing >2lb 750

Industrial Chemicals CFCs HCFCs HFCs Industrial + HFOs and

• Not new, some of the earliest refrigerants

• Used currently where they make sense (safety and

• Rebranding as “natural” products, but:

− The so-called “natural” refrigerants are actually industrial

− These facilities use energy to create or isolate, purify CO 2,

− They also use feedstocks and generate wastes similar to

Natural Gas Process Steps

Example Processing steps:

• Ammonia is primarily produced by reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen

CO2 is primarily produced by: CO2 Distillation from

CO2 separation and purification

2. of or in agreement with the character or makeup of, or circumstances

3. (of a parent or child) related by blood:

“Natural” – Not a scientific or engineering term

“Occurring in Nature” is a low and not very useful criteria:

• Measurable data and objective chemical, physical, thermodynamic and

• Standard and reproducible engineering principles, measurements and testing

– Alan Kay – Noted Computer Scientist (Apple, Disney, HP)

Industrial Chemicals CFCs HCFCs HFCs Industrial + HFOs and

Selection of Refrigerants for the Future Will Need to Balance Performance

Global Warming Potential (GWP) Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

Atmospheric Life → rates of destruction reactions ( hydroxyl radical )

Huge Variation between different molecules

Molecule Structure Atmospheric GWP

PFC-116 CF3-CF3 No hydrogen 10,000 years 11,100

HFC-134a CH2F-CF3 2-H atoms 13 years 1300

HFO-1234yf CH2=CF-CF3 “Olefin” 11 days <1

Double bond in HFOs

13 Years Atmospheric Life 11 Days

1300 GWP <1

2.5 Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2

• Same Operating Conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)

Highly Flammable 3 Propane, Isobutane

Mildly Flammable 2L R-1234yf, R-452B

• Lower / Upper Flammability Limits (LFL / UFL)

Safety Rating A3 A2 B2L A2L

UFL (vol. %) 10.0 16.9 28.0 12.3

UFL – LFL (vol. %) 7.8 13.0 13.0 6.1

– Paul Adams – Global Head of Brand Design - Facebook

• Standards updates required to address

• Code updates also required

• Industry activities supporting

• Controlling charge size / room area

• Eliminating ignition sources

• Best work practices

• Education & training