ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

Define Particle, Atom, Element,

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Compounds and Periodic table.
Contents of Slide Presentation
Intro Atoms & Elements
Atoms – What are atoms
About an atom
Atoms & Shells
Subatomic Particles
Compounds and Chemical Elements
Quick Quiz
Atomic Number
Atomic Number Calculations
Mass Number Calculations
Neutral Atom
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 ATOMS
What are ATOMS?
Atoms are the basic building blocks or tiny
particles (whose size are hard to imagine
or even comprehend) that makes up
matter (everything) in the universe.

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 ABOUT AN ATOM
(SUBATOMIC PARTICLES)
Think of the sun with the planets spinning around it -this is how
best you can probably describe and understand what an atom is.

PROTONS
+ Charge
NUCLEUS

Atomic Particles

NEUTRONS _ Neutral
Charge

ELECTRONS
Note keywords: Basic, building, blocks, particles, matter, microscopic (size is hard to imagine)

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 ATOMS AND SHELLS
• Electrons stay in their shells as they
revolve round the nucleus because a
special force (electrostatic force) holds
them there. Protons (+ve charge) and
electrons (- ve charge) are attracted to
each other.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES - PROTONS, ELECTRONS and NEUTRONS

Subatomic particles in all atoms are smaller than the atom itself.

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 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
(MEMORY TIPS)
• An easy way to remember this is

P roton and

P
•
ositive start with the letter ‘ P’
Neutrons have no electrical charge.
• An easy way to remember this is

N no eutron and electrical charge start with the letter ‘N’

Orbiting or circling/moving around outside the nucleus are tiny little particles called electrons
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Compounds & Chemical Elements
• What are chemical elements?
• What are compounds?
• How are chemical elements different from
compounds?
•
All materials or matter that is composed of only
one type of atom is called a chemical element or
just an element.
• However, compounds are made when atoms
of different elements are chemically joined or
combined together.
Squashed together in the middle of the atom are protons and neutrons
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 Compounds & Chemical Elements
Quick Quiz
Which of these is an element or a compound?
A D

B
C

Compounds are atoms of different elements. Elements are composed of only one type of atom

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 ATOMIC NUMBER
• What is an atom's atomic number?
• What is an atom's mass number?

•
Atomic Number is a unique number that identifies
how many protons are present in one atom of an
element.
• In science it is defined more precisely as the
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
determines an element's atomic number.

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 ATOMIC NUMBER
ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of Proton
Complete the table below

Element Atomic Number Number of Proton

Oxygen 8
Chlorine 17
Sodium 11
Magnesium 12
Carbon 6
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 MASS NUMBER
• What is an atom's mass number?
• Protons and neutrons are heavy particles which
when added together make up an atom’s mass
• A knowledge of atomic mass essentially tells us
how many of these protons and neutrons there are
in any atom.

+ =
X number of
protons
Y number of
Neutrons
x + y = mass number
Mass number tells how many protons and neutrons are there in an atoms.
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 MASS NUMBER
Complete the table below

Element Atomic Number Number of Mass Number

neutrons
Oxygen 8 16
Chlorine 17 18
Sodium 11 12
Magnesium 12 24
Carbon 6 12
 NEUTRAL ATOM
An atom is in balance or neutral, if it has the
same number of protons and electrons.

Neutral Atom is when the

No. of Protons = No. of Electrons

That means number of positive charges = The number of negative charges.

So they cancel out and become neutral

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 Neutral Atoms Or Charged Ions
Element No. of No. of Neutral Ion
Protons Electrons Atom (+ve or – ve)

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 ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Learning Outcomes
• L Define chemical reaction, molecule, and
compound, and name the atoms reacting
and molecule produced in a reaction.
• I Use these names to construct a word
equation showing the reaction.
• H Create a model of a chemical reaction
between atoms to form a molecule.
 REACTION OF METALS IN AIR
Objectives
• Metals can be heated in air to show signs of
chemical reaction.
• To understand how metal oxides are
formed.
 METAL OXIDE
• Outcomes
• L Describe how to make an oxide safely
and use your observations to list the signs
of a chemical reaction.
• I Name and identify elements involved in
chemical reactions.
• H Write word equations and predict name
of product.
 REACTIONS OF METALLIC
ELEMENTS
Copy and answer questions
• What are metal oxides?
• How are metal oxides formed?
• Name the reactants and the product in the
formation of metal oxides.
 Learning Outcomes
• L Plan a safe experiment to demonstrate the
objective.
• I Plan a safe and fair test for the experiment
stated in the objective and write the work
equation for the reaction.
• H Critically evaluate the plan you have
written in terms of safety and fair testing.
 PRACTICAL REVIEW
• Discuss about chemical change, what
elements and compounds were present?