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Material Summary Assignment
Material Summary Assignment
By :
ARVIN M. YAFIZ (21030116120041)
International Undergraduate Program Class
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 2 Presentation of Data
CHAPTER 3 Modelization of Equation
a. Tangen Method
b. Linearization of Equation
c. Least Square Method
CHAPTER 4 Solution of Equation By Trial and Error
CHAPTER 5 Graphical Integration
CHAPTER 6 Mean Value
CHAPTER 7 Lever Arm Rule
CHAPTER 8 Mathematical Modelling for Physical Problem
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
40
Y = 5.203X - 5.47
30
Y
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
X
Figure 2.1 Data in graphical form
3. Equation Form
In mathematics, an equation is a statement of an equality containing one or
more variables. Solving the equation consists of determining which values of the
variables make the equality true. Variables are also called unknowns and the values
of the unknowns which satisfy the equality are called solutions of the equation.
There are two kinds of equations: identities and conditional equations. An identity
is true for all values of the variable. A conditional equation is true for only particular
values of the variables.
Data can be transformed in to empirical equation through equation modelling.
This example below is the general function of linear equation.
y = mx + c
Linear equation means that data can be plotted in linear line. With y is independent
variable that function of x, m is gradient, x is dependent variable and c is y intercept.
In chemical engineering there are so many data of phenomena that should be
solved with equation form. For example :
Cp = A + BT
Cp = A + BT + CT2
Vapor pressure is function of T (Antoine eq.) with Log P = A – B/(C+T).
Equation form can be used for complicated problem simultaneous equation,
differentiation, and integration.
CHAPTER III
MODELIZATION OF EQUATION
Modelization of equation is about how we construct the equation. The data can be from
linier line or non linier line such as parabolic, curve, hyperbolic, etc. Equation
modelling can be separated by three models, tangen methods, linearization of equation,
and Least Square method.
A. Tangen Method
Giving an example :
General equation of straight line is
y = mx + c. This equation is unusable if a and
b is unvaluable or we don’t know exactly what
is value of a and b. So we should assume that :
x = 0 ; y = b (intercepet) ; and dy/dx = a
and we will know the value of a and b
𝑑𝑦 𝑚 If x is the corner between hypotenuse and n line,
= = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 we can define m/n as tan x.
dY Y Y
lim Y Y
Y
dX X 0 X
Representation of dy/dx in graphical form :
From that graphic and general form of dy/dx. We can
conclude that :
𝑑𝑦 ∆𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SCALE
In engineering mathematics we know two types of scale such as linear scale and
logarithmic scale . In linear scale, vertical and horizontal scale is linear and have same
preposition (proper) scale that we usually called “same distance” of scale. The example
is scale in millimeter block. Linear scale starts from zero.
While Logaritmic scale is the scale that contains linear and logarithmic scale. Each
linear devided by subscale and the distance of scale is different.