A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (CIVIL)

PROGRAM

CONDUCTED AT

Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department

Gorakhpur

WRITTEN BY

Devansh Dubey

1609100043

SUBMITTED TO

JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

C-20/1, SECTOR 62,NOIDA-201301

 ABSTRACT
The Industrial Training (Civil) program enables students to go out and gain more
practical knowledge of what they have been taught in College and to acquire industry based
skills.

Office work procedure covering introduction to work ethics, architectural and structural
drawing was explained with the relevant signs and symbols representing various items on such
drawing.

Site work for the period of training was under certain precautions and guidance of experts.
The project consists of construction of flooring in the premises of a under-construction building
complex in a rural area for the betterment of their living.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise is due to Lord Shiva for his kind gesture, love, protection, wisdom, guidance,
endurance and the privilege given to me to undertake the program successfully and as well as
keeping me alive after the training.

My Profound gratitude goes to the Director and Chief Engineer of Utter Pradesh Rural
Engineering Department, Mr. Ravindra Singh Gangwar, Engr. Vinay Kumar Pandey along with
the staff with him, and also to all the worker and staff who supported me throughout in
completion of the program. May almighty God continue to be with them, bless and favour them
abundantly till the end of their lifetime.

My appreciation also goes to my lovely parents, Mr. &Mrs. Dubey for their moral,
spiritual and financial assistance before, during and after the program, may Lord Shiva grant
them long life with good health so that they can reap the fruit of their labour.

Finally, I appreciate the support of everyone that had contributed in one way or the other
towards the success of this program, may Almighty God bless and grant you success in your
entire endeavor.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page Pages

Abstract i

Acknowledgement ii

Content iii

Certificate 1

Introduction 2

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Location and Brief introduction of Utter Pradesh Rural 3

Engineering Department

1.1 Aims and objective of Industrial Training 4

1.2 Scope of the report 4

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Introduction of floor 5

2.1 Some special floor structure 5

2.2 Flooring 6

2.3 Subfloor 6

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Experience gained during the training period 7

3.0.1 Field work 7-10

Fig.1: A picture of Timber Floor 7

Fig.2: A picture of Laminate Floor 8

Fig.3: A picture of Vinyl Floor 8

Fig.4: A picture of Bamboo Floor 9

 Fig.5: A picture of Cork Floor 9

Fig.6: A picture of Tile Floor 10

3.0.2 Site work 11-14

Fig.7: Picture showing application of adhesive 12

Fig.8: Picture showing setting of tile 13

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Conclusion 14

4.2 References 14
 INTRODUCTION
The industrial training (Civil) program is designed to acquaint students with the practical
or hands-on knowledge of the past, present and the future. By the past, it affords the student an
opportunity to witness practically what they have read in books i.e the reality of the 100%
assumption of the theories. It also affords students the current knowledge of what the field works
is all about, getting familiar with new advancement in technology. The future refers to
foreknowledge of what should be expected when he/she begins to practice the profession.

Furthermore, it avails the students an opportunity to learn inter-and intra personal

relationship, administrative skills, site management identification of equipment among other
opportunities.

This report entails some of the experience I was able to acquire in my short period of
attachment.
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 LOCATION AND BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF UTTER PRADESH
RURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The head office of Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department is Located near
Chinhat, Block Ghoshipur, Indira Nagar, lucknow.

RURAL ENGINEERING SERVICE Department was created in the year 1972 by UP

government, administratively controlled by Ministry of Rural Development. A separate ministry
was created as MINISTRY OF MINOR IRRIGATION AND RURAL ENGINEERING
SERVICE and finally MINISTRY OF RURAL ENGINEERING SERVICE.

In the year 2011, the name of department changed from RURAL ENGINEERING
SERVICE to RURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. This department mainly executes the
construction works on deposit basis and is providing technical guidance to district and block
level administrative officers when required.

Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department mainly executes the construction works of
departments such as –
 Rural Development,
 Primary and secondary education,
 Panchayti raj,
 Revenue,
 Milk and dairy,
 Industries,
 Fisheries, and
 Medical and health.

Rural Road connectivity is not only a key component of Rural Development by

promoting access to economic and social services and thereby generating increased agricultural
incomes and productive employment. With a view to redressing this situation and providing all
weather access to eligible unconnected habitations, Central Government launched an ambitious
scheme, called Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). RURAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT is implementing agency of this scheme in 33 District and executing the works
since 2002.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

 It gives student the opportunity of putting some of their skills in to practices.

 It Provides students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work
situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
 It Exposes students to handling of equipment and machinery that may not be readily
available in their institutions of learning.
 It serves as a link between student and industry.
 It enables student to interpret some technical terms more easily.
 It provides student the opportunity to prepare for employment after graduation.

1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this report is basically to present in details, the various activities carried
out by me at Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department, Gorakhpur, both the site work and
office work as well as provide the general background knowledge about the aspects of Civil
Engineering applied while undergoing the Industrial Training program.
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 INTRODUCTION TO FLOOR

A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simple dirt in a
cave to many-layered surfaces made with modern technology. Floors may be stone, wood,
bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load.
The levels of a building are often referred to as floor, although a more proper term
is storey.
Floors typically consist of a subfloor for support and a floor covering used to give a
good walking surface. In modern buildings the subfloor often has electrical wiring, plumbing,
and other services built in. As floors must meet many needs, some essential to safety, floors are
built to strict building codes in some regions.

2.1 SOME SPACIAL FLOOR STRUCTURES

Where a special floor structure like a floating floor is laid upon another floor then both
may be referred to as subfloors.
Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes:

 Balcony, a platform projecting from a wall.

 Floating floor, normally for noise or vibration reduction.

 Glass floor, as in glass bottomed elevators.
 Nightingale floor, makes a noise when an intruder walks on it.
 Raised floor, utilities underneath can be accessed easily.
 Sprung floor, improves the performance and safety of athletes and dancers.
2.2 FLOORING

FLOORING is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of
installing such a floor covering. FLOOR COVERING is a term to generically describe any finish
material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used
interchangeably but floor covering refers more to lose-laid materials.
Materials almost always classified as flooring include carpet, laminate, tile and vinyl.

2.3 SUBFLOOR

The floor under the flooring is called the subfloor, which provides the support for the
flooring. Special purpose subfloors like floating floors, raised floors or sprung floors may be laid
upon another underlying subfloor which provides the structural strength.
Subfloors that are below grade (underground) or ground level floors in buildings
without basements typically have a concrete subfloor. Subfloors above grade (above ground)
typically have a plywood subfloor.
The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost, endurance,
noise insulation, comfort and cleaning effort. Some types of flooring must not be installed below
grade, including laminate and hardwood due to potential damage from moisture.
The sub-floor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work,
see:

 Earthen floor adobe or clay floors.

 Solid ground floor, cementitious leveling/wearing/granolithic Screeds, polymer-modified
concretes and leveling/wearing screeds.
 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 EXPERIENCE GAINED DURING THE TRAINING PERIOD
The work experience gained from the 40 days Industrial Training program was based
on the various kinds of services, rendered by Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department, done
in the office and on site.

The; experience were gained by two kind of works or in two different manner which
are listed below –

3.0.1 OFFICE WORK

Office work involved an introduction to work ethics, buildings, floor, and flooring. In
view of these, relevant signs and symbols representing various items on such drawing were
explained.

In the course of introduction to the floor and flooring the following type of flooring with
the help of flooring materials were explained –

1) TIMBER FLOORING

Given that each piece is different, the unique aesthetic of timber is one of the main
appeals for its use as flooring. It can also be very durable although it may scratch and is prone to
movement. As timber is hygroscopic (sponge-like), it can unsuitable for use in rooms that may
be exposed to humidity or moisture, although treatment of the timber can make it resistant to
moisture.

There are several options for finishing timber, such as wax, oil or lacquer. The two
main types of timber flooring are:

 Solid: Each board is made from a single piece of wood, typically 18-20mm thick, usually
fitted using tongue-and-groove.
 Engineered: Each board consists of three or four layers of laminated timber, held together
at right angles by glue to create a plank typically of around 14mm thickness.

Fig. 1: A picture of Timber Floor.

2) LAMINATE FLOORING

Laminate flooring is a compressed fiber board plank covered with an image of

material such as timber, stone, tiles and so on that is then given a protective coating.

Laminates can be suitable for rooms that wish to benefit from the aesthetics of a
‘natural’ floor but at a lower cost, with easier installation, and without the risk of being damaged
by scratching. Good quality laminates are durable and may have a 20-year warranty. They
require minimal maintenance and may be installed with under-floor heating.

Fig. 2: A picture of Laminate Floor.

3) VINYL FLOORING

Vinyl flooring can be supplied in rolls or tile and is generally fixed by gluing. It can be
manufactured in a very wide range of colors and profiles (for example studded) and as with
laminate flooring can simulate the appearance of other material.

The advantages of using vinyl flooring include:

 It is durable.
 It is easy to maintain and keep clean.
 It is capable of getting wet without buckling, making it suitable for use in bathrooms,
kitchens, and so on.
 It is easy to install.
 It can be relatively inexpensive

Fig. 3: A picture of Vinyl Floor.

4) Bamboo Flooring

Rather than being wood, this is grass that has been compressed into a floor material, and
is nailed down or glued together.

It has the advantage of being a renewable resource and water resistant. Due to its
insufficient hardness compared with wood, it is more prone to being dented and scratched.

Fig.4: A picture of Bamboo Floor.

5) CORK FLOORING

Cork is a water-resistant, renewable material that is suitable for a range of spaces,

including basement and bathroom installations.

Cork can be clicked together in the same way as laminates or can be glued.
Cork floors are warm and flexible although they can be damaged easily by sharp objects.

Fig.5: A picture of Cork Floor.

6) TILE (Porcelain or Ceremic) FLOORING

There are many options in terms of color, texture, shape and finishes of tiles. Because of
their hardness they are difficult to scratch or dent, and are also suited to wet environments.
However, they are difficult to install and can break if there is a lack of support beneath
the tiles.

7) TILE (Natural Stone) FLOORING

These are generally more expensive than porcelain or ceramic options, but can be more
aesthetically pleasing.

They need to be properly sealed when installed, a process that will need repeating
occasionally to keep the tiles protected.

Fig.6: A picture of Tile Floor.

8) CARPET FLOORING

Carpet is made of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing. The pile is usually wool
or fibers such as nylon, polyester or polypropylene that are heat-treated after having been
twisted together into tufts or woven.

There are many varieties of texture, style and color available and generally carpet is
both durable and easy to maintain. Carpet also has insulating properties in terms of
both heat and sound. However, carpets can stain quite easily and can be damaged
by water and damp.
 3.0.2 SITE WORK

The site work is performed under the guidance of expert engineers of the same field.
The project consists of Flooring of a under-construction building complex in the rural area
for the betterment of their living.

A group of engineer and his staff along with me left from the department to the site
for the purpose of the project. After reaching their the engineer showed me the under-
construction building complex in the rural area, where the work of flooring was going on,
than he asked me to measure the dimension of the room and it was found to be 10m by 15m
(One room) and 15m by 15m (Other two rooms).

In the course of these floor construction works; the following stages of work were
identified and carried out –

 STAGE 1: PREPARATION OF SURFACE

Made sure the surfaces are clean, smooth, and dry for best results. Taken time to
repair, patch, and level any damaged or uneven areas. Double checked to make sure that the
surface is structurally sound and the area free of wax, soap scum, and grease.

Removed any moldings, trim, or appliances that may interfere with tile application
and check the doorjambs to make sure tile has clearance when installed beneath. Identifying
those potential complications in advance will helped my installation run smoothly.

 STAGE 2: BEGINNING OF LAYOUT

For an efficient layout, started by marking the centre point of each wall in the room.
Next, snap chalk lines between the centre points of opposite walls to pinpoint the center of the
room. Made necessary adjustments to ensure that the intersection creates perfect squares.

Started from the center point, lay a row of loose tiles along the center lines in both
directions, using tile spacers as I go for even, uniform joints. Once I reached the walls, I need to
cut tiles for a proper fit. If the cuts needed are smaller than half of a tile, I can adjust the center
line by snapping a new line a half-tile size closer to the wall. Repeated the step along the
intersecting center line for a precise design.

To make a large room more manageable, divided each section into smaller 2' x 3'
grids by snapping additional lines parallel to the centerlines.
 STAGE 3: APPLICATION OF ADHESIVE

As a general rule of thumb, I mixed only enough of the adhesive to be used within
30 minutes. Using the flat side of the trowel type recommended on the adhesive package, spread
a 1/4" coat on the surface of one grid area without covering the guidelines.

After doing so, by holding the trowel at a 45-degree angle and used the notched
side to comb adhesive into standing ridges. And, than removed the excess adhesive, I leaved
behind a uniform, ridged setting bed for my tile. As another rule of thumb, do not spread a larger
area of your adhesive than can be set in 15 minutes.

I Stuck to the script and facilitated my tile installation with the perfect adhesive
application.

Fig.7: Picture Showing Application of Adhesive.

 STAGE 4: CUTTING OF TILE AS NEEDED

Started marking carefully measured cuts-to-be with a pencil or felt-tip pen on the
tile surface. I can use a tile cutter to achieve pinpoint straight or diagonal cuts. Made masterful
curved cuts with a nipper, chipping away small pieces for best results.

For any full-length curved cuts, a rod saw is most properly suited to handle the
task. After the cuts are made, smoothed out the sharp edges with a Carborundum stone to give a
soft finish to your tile.
 STAGE 5: SETTING OF TILE

Now that I’ve primed the surface, created the layout, applied the adhesive, and cut
the tile, I am fully prepared for the actual installation of your tile.

Began by installing tiles in the center of the room, one grid at a time, finished each
grid before moving on to the next. Within each grid, it will help to start from the first tile in the
corner and work outward.

Used a slight twisting motion, set tiles one at a time and avoid sliding them into
place. Made sure to either insert spacers as each tile is set or leave equal joints between tiles.
Saved the perimeter tiles in each grid for last, leaved a 1/4th inch gap between the tile and wall.

Once the grid is completely installed, tapped all the tiles with a rubber mallet or
hammer and wood blocked to ensure a solid bond and level plane. Removed excess adhesive
from joints with a putty knife and from tile with a damp sponge to prevent an uneven
appearance.

Lastly, allow your hard work at least 24 hours to set before walking on it. And of course, taken at
least 20 minutes to admire the time and care I have put in to my new floor!

Fig.8: A picture showing the setting of tiles at the working site.

 STAGE 6: GROUNTING OF JOINTS

Now that my Mohawk Ceramic Tile is in place and has had 24 hours to set, my last
Step is to "grout" or fill the joints and consolidate my floor into one mass.

After reading carefully and following all instructions and precautions on the grout
package, made only enough to use in a 30-minute period. As I remove the tile spacers and spread
grout on the tile surface, used a rubber grout float or a squeegee to force it down into the joints.

Tilted the float at a 45-degree angle and with the edge of the float, removed the
excess grout from the surface immediately. Now tilted the float at a 90-degree angle and scrape it
diagonally across the tiles.

Once I've let the grout set slightly for around 15 to 20 minutes, used a damp sponge
to clean any residue from the surface and smoothed the grout joints. Made sure to rinse my
sponge frequently and change the water when needed.

Polished with a soft cloth when the grout has dried and haze forms on the tile
surface, and rinsed again with sponge and clean water if necessary. Gave my newly grouted floor
time of 72 hours before any heavy use and at least three weeks before applying sealers or
polishes.
 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONCLUSION

In Conclusion, there were many things that I have experienced during this six weeks
industrial training program at Utter Pradesh Rural Engineering Department, Gorakhpur. The
whole training process was very interesting, instructive and challenging as well.

Through this training I was able to gain new insight and more comprehensive
understanding about the real industry working conditions and practices. The six weeks training
also has provided me the opportunities to develop and improve my skills and gain knowledge.
All of these valuable experiences and knowledge that I have gained were not only acquired
through the direct involvement in task given but also through other aspects of the training such as
work observation, interaction with colleagues, superior and other people related to the field.

By doing this project I am sure that my knowledge about Floors and Flooring has
improved very much due to detailed study and more due to the practical implementation of what
I have studied. From what I have undergone, I am very sure that the industrial training program
has achieved its entire primary objectives. It is also the best way to prepare students to face real
working life. With the help of this program I am feeling more confident about myself and my
career too.

4.1 REFERENCES

 G. Garber, Design and Construction of Concrete Floors, CRC Press, 2nd Edition,
2006, ISBN 978-0750666565.
 Wikipedia