Lab Kinematics

Lab 2 Kinematics PHY250L”
Student Name: Click here to enter text.

Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text.
“Pre-Lab Questions”
1. “What is the acceleration of a ball that is vertically tossed up when it reached its maximum
height?”
Click here to enter text.
“
2. “The displacement of a particle as it varies with time is given by the equation
x(t) = (10.0 m/s) t + (2.50 m/s²) t². Find the particle’s instantaneous velocity and instantaneous
acceleration at t = 4.00 seconds.”
3. “What does a positive and negative slope represent for a velocity vs. time graph?”
4. “You know that a car moves with a velocity that can be modeled as v(t)= 4.0 m/s + (1.2 m/s²)t and
that at t = 0 the car has a displacement of 5.00 meters from the origin. What is the position of the
car at t = 4.0 seconds?”
5. “Derive the second kinematic equation by integration of the first kinematic equation. Then derive
the third kinematic equation by using algebra to combine the first and second kinematic
equations.”
“Experiment 1: Distance of Free Fall”

“Table 1: Washer Free Fall Data”
“Trail” “Drop Height (m)” “Time (s)”
“1”
“2” Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
“3” Click here to enter text.
“Average” Click here to enter text.
“Description of Auditory Observations of Equally Spaced Hex Nuts:” Click here to enter text.
“Description of Auditory Observations of Unequally Spaced Hex Nuts:” Click here to enter text.
“Post-Lab Questions”
1. “Record your hypothesis from Step 1 here. Use evidence from your results to explain if your
hypothesis was supported or not.”
2. “What was the difference between the noise patterns for equally spaced hex nuts compared to
the unequally spaced hex nuts?”
3. “If the noise patterns were different, explain why. If they were similar, explain why.”
4. “Using the time it took a single hex nut to reach the pan, calculate the height from which it was
dropped. Is this accurate compared to your known height? Explain your conclusion.”
5. “A student ran this experiment, and instead of dropping the hex nut, he threw it. This gave the
nut a velocity of v(t) = (12 m/s²)t + 5 m/s. What is the hex nut’s displacement as a function of
time if its position at t = 0 seconds is 0 meters? If the hex nut dropped 1.2 meters, how long did it
take for the nut to reach the ground?”
“Experiment 2: Distance Traveled by a Projectile”

“Pre-Lab Questions”
1. “In one of your experiments, you will roll a marble down a ramp to provide an initial horizontal
velocity. Suppose you start the marble at rest (v˳= 0 m/s) and it travels a distance of, d, down
the ramp. Use 1-D kinematics to predict the velocity of the ball (vᶠ) at the bottom of the ramp.
Hint: the acceleration of the ball down the ramp is 9.81*sin(θ) m/s² where θ is the angle of the
ramp. Record your answer in variables (you will calculate the velocity with magnitudes when you
perform the experiment).”
2. “Use the kinematic equations to derive a general equation for the time it takes a ball dropped
from rest at vertical height, h, to reach the ground. Use this to write a general equation for the
distance travelled by a projectile that is rolling off a table of height, h, with a horizontal speed of
V˳ₓ.” Click here to enter text.
3. “Prove that launching a projectile at 45° provides the largest range. Write the range as a
function of θ. Take the derivative of the range with respect to θ and fin the maximum angle.”
4. “A butterfly flies along with a velocity vector given by v = (a-bt²) Î + (ct) ĵ where a=1.4 m/s, b=6.2
m/s³, and c=2.2 m/s². When t= 0 seconds, the butterfly is located at the origin. Calculate the
butterfly’s position vector and acceleration vector as functions of time. What is the y-coordinate
as it flies over x = 0 meters after t = 0 seconds?”
“Data:”
“Table 1: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 1”
“Ramp Incline (degrees):” Click here to enter text.
“Ramp Distance (m):” Click here to enter text.
“Trial” “Measured Distance (m)”

“Ramp Distance (m):” Click here to enter text.

“Ramp Distance (m): “Click here to enter text.
“Post-Lab Questions:”
5. “Use your predictions of velocity and range from the Pre-Lab Questions and the data recorded
from your experiment to complete Table 4.”
“Table 4: Velocity and Range Data for all Ramp Distances”
Ramp Calculated Average
Predicted Percent
Distance velocity Actual
Range (m) Error
(m) (m/s) Range (m)
Click here to Click here to Click here to Click here to Click here to
enter text. enter text. enter text. enter text. enter text.
6. “How do your predictions compare to the observed data? Explain at least two reasons for
differences.”
7. “If you were to fire a paintball pellet horizontally and at the same time drop the same type of
paintball pellet you fired from the paintball gun, which pellet would hit the ground first and why
is this so?”
8. “A marble slides down a wacky ramp with a velocity given by v = (0.5t²-3.0t) Î + (0.33t³-0.6t) ĵ. At
t = 3 seconds the particle is shot off the ramp and behaves like a projectile. What is the
magnitude of the velocity of the marble when it leaves the ramp? What is the marble’s
acceleration vector while it is on the ramp? If the marble falls for 6 seconds when it is shot off
the ramp at a 45° angle, what will be its displacement in the x-direction?”
“Insert photo of your experimental setup with your name clearly visible in the background:”
“Experiment 3: Squeeze Rocket™ Projectiles”

“Table 5: Projectile Data for Rockets and Different Launch Angles”
Average
Launch Initial Average Predicted Actual Range
Time (s) Range
Velocity (m/s) Angle Time (s) Range (m) Range (m) % Error
(m)
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1. “Which angle provides the greatest range? Which provides the least? Based on your results,
which angle should give you the greatest ranged for projectile motion?”
2. “What role does air resistance play in affecting your data?”

3. “Discuss any additional sources of error, and suggest how these errors could be reduced if you
were to redesign the experiment.”
4. “How could kickers on a football team use their knowledge of physics to better their game? List
at least two other examples in sports or other applications where this information would be
important or useful.”
5. “A student buys a high powered toy rocket gun and tries to do this experiment. He decides to
shoot the first rocket with an initial angle of 0 degrees. The student knows that the rocket has
an initial velocity of 5 m/s when he shoots it off of the 3 meter high table. The toy gun is able to
give the rocket a horizontal acceleration of (2.1 m/s³)t in the same direction as the initial
velocity. The vertical acceleration, directed downwards, is g. Assume air resistance can be
ignored. What is the horizontal displacement of the student’s toy rocket?”
“Experiment 4: Balancing Centripetal Force”

“Pre-Lab Questions:”
1. “In this lab, you will be rotating a mass on one side of a string that is
balanced by a second mass on the other end of the string (Figure 5).
Apply Newton’s Second Law of Motion to mass 1, m₁, and mass 2, m₂, to
solve for the period of mass 1.
Hint: assume m₁ = 4m₂. How is the centripetal force on m₁ related to the
force of gravity on m₂.”
2. “Draw a free body diagram and solve for the

centripetal acceleration in terms of θ and g for one
person riding on the amusement ride in Figure 3.”
3. “The wheel of fortune is 2.6 meters in diameter. A

contestant gives the wheel an initial velocity of 2
m/s. After rotating 540 degrees, the wheel comes to
a stop. What is the angular acceleration of the
wheel?”
4. “The angle that a spoke on a bicycle wheel has

rotated behaves according to function θ(t) = at² + bt where a = 0.6 rad/s² and b = 0.3 rad/s. Find
the angular velocity of the spoke as a function of time and the angular acceleration as a function
of time. Then find the instantaneous angular velocity and the instantaneous angular
acceleration at t = 3 seconds.”
“Data:”
“Table 1: Rotational Data”
Radius Time per 15 Expected Percent Error

“Period (s)”
(m) revolutions (s) Value (%)
“0.25” Click here to Click here to Click here to Click here to
enter text. enter text. enter text. enter text.

Click here to Click here to Click here to Click here to
“0.40”
Click here to Click here to Click here to Click here to
“0.15”
5. “Compare your measured data to your predicted values with a percent error calculation. Explain
any difference with an error analysis.”
6. “Draw a circle to represent the path taken by your rotating mass. Place a dot on the circle to
represent your rotating washer. Add a straight line from the dot to the center of the circle,
representing the radius of rotation (the string). Now label the direction of the tangential velocity
and the centripetal force.”
Insert photo of the circle with your name clearly visible in the background:
7. “Use your data to calculate the average velocity, angular velocity, and centripetal acceleration
for the mass in each radius.”

8. “Refer to the picture in Figure 3 again (picture in Pre-

Lab question #2). Before the apparatus begins to
spin, the wires connecting the swings to the top of
the structure will be completely vertical. Once the
apparatus begins to spin the swings move outward
radially, but also upwards vertically. From where
does the force causing this vertical acceleration
come?”
9. “Refer to the picture in Figure 3. Imagine that the swings are rotating around the center with a constant
speed, and the wire connecting the swings to the center pole is at a 45 degree angle. The angular velocity
of the center pole is then doubled. Does this mean that the chairs’ velocities will increase by a factor of
two, less than two, or more than two? Explain your reasoning.”
10. “A uniform disc is rotating around a frictionless, vertical axle that passes through its center has
as radius of R=0.300m and a mass of 25.0 kg. The disc rotates according to θ(t) = (2.20 rad/s²) t²
+ (5.63 rad/s) t. When the wheel has rotated 0.200 rev, what is the resultant linear acceleration
of any point on the disc?”

Lab Kinematics

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Lab 2 Kinematics PHY250L”

Student Name: Click here to enter text.

“Experiment 1: Distance of Free Fall”

“Trail” “Drop Height (m)” “Time (s)”

“Experiment 2: Distance Traveled by a Projectile”

“Table 2: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 2”

“Table 3: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 3”

“Experiment 3: Squeeze Rocket™ Projectiles”

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2. “What role does air resistance play in affecting your data?”

“Experiment 4: Balancing Centripetal Force”

2. “Draw a free body diagram and solve for the

3. “The wheel of fortune is 2.6 meters in diameter. A

4. “The angle that a spoke on a bicycle wheel has

Radius Time per 15 Expected Percent Error

enter text. enter text. enter text. enter text.

Click here to enter text.

8. “Refer to the picture in Figure 3 again (picture in Pre-

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