Course: Ensino Médio Subject: English Teacher: Juliano

Student: ___________________________________Number: ____ Grade/class: ____

Genetic study tracks start of Zika's invasion of Americas back to 2013

The Zika virus currently sweeping through the Americas looks to have hitched
a ride on a plane into Brazil in 2013 and begun its invasion of the continent from there,
scientists said on Thursday. (...)
The strain of the virus circulating in the current outbreak is most closely related
to one from French Polynesia, the scientists said, although it is also possible that Zika
was introduced separately to the Americas and French Polynesia from South East Asia.
Oliver Pybus, a biologist in Britain's Oxford University who co-led the research with a team from Brazil's
Evandro Chagas Institute, said the findings suggested increased international travel helped the virus extend
its reach.
"We looked at broad-scale patterns of human movement and focused on air passengers who traveled
to Brazil from countries that had reported Zika since 2012," he said. "From late 2012 onwards, there was a
50 percent rise in the number of passengers traveling to Brazil from countries with Zika."
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus
an international health emergency. This declaration was largely based on evidence linking Zika to a birth
defect known as microcephaly, marked by babies having small heads and underdeveloped brains.
It is not yet clear whether the Zika virus actually causes microcephaly in babies, but the WHO and
other infectious disease experts say evidence for a causal link is growing. For this study, Pybus' team
sampled several Zika virus genomes linked to the recent Brazilian outbreak – including one from a blood
donor, one from a fatal adult case, and one from a newborn baby with congenital malformations and
microcephaly. Using next-generation genetic sequencing, the researchers mapped the samples' gene codes
and found there was little genetic variability among them. (...)
He said the team had also looked for links between Zika and microcephaly - and had found some
spatial and temporal correlations. To test that link conclusively, however, scientists need to see results of full
case-control epidemiological studies. (...)

1)Com relação à propagação do vírus Zika, o texto indica que

a) o aumento no volume de viagens internacionais contribuiu para a ampliar o alcance do vírus.
b) um aumento de 50% nos casos de Zika foi observado no Brasil e em outros países a partir de 2012.
c) o vírus foi levado da Polinésia Francesa para o sudeste asiático e, depois, para o continente americano.
d) o padrão de circulação do vírus nas Américas assemelha-se àquele observado na Polinésia Francesa e no
sudeste asiático.
e) o embarque de passageiros em voos provenientes de países atingidos pelo vírus passou a ser monitorado a
partir do final de 2012.

2)A microcefalia é uma doença congênita caracterizada pelo subdesenvolvimento do cérebro e sua
ocorrência foi observada em áreas afetadas pelo vírus Zika. De acordo com a notícia,
a) o número de casos de microcefalia efetivamente causada pelo vírus Zika está crescendo.
b) o estudo citado encontrou correlações temporais e espaciais entre o vírus Zika e a microcefalia.
c) a relação de causa e efeito entre o vírus Zika e casos de microcefalia foi uma das conclusões comprovadas
por estudos epidemiológicos.
d) a disseminação do vírus Zika foi declarada como uma emergência de saúde internacional independente de
sua relação com a microcefalia.
e) o mapeamento de códigos genéticos de diferentes amostras do vírus Zika, incluindo a de um recém-
nascido com microcefalia, indicou relevante variabilidade genética.

3) Observe a citação ao lado

Martin Luther King Jr. foi um pastor protestante e ativista político estadunidense.
Tornou-se um dos mais importantes líderes do movimento dos direitos civis dos
negros nos Estados Unidos, e no mundo, com uma campanha de não violência e de
amor ao próximo. A citação ao lado., o valor quer está sendo promovido é o de
a)solidariedade
b)persistência d)justiça
c)ambição e)paz
 A wave of anger is sweeping the cities of the
world.
The protests have many different origins. In
Brazil people rose up against bus fares, in
Turkey against a building project. Indonesians
have rejected higher fuel prices. In the euro
zone they march against austerity, and the Arab
spring has become a perma-protest against
pretty much everything.
Yet just as in 1848, 1968 and 1989, when
people also found a collective voice, the
demonstrators have much in common. In one
country after another, protesters have risen up
with bewildering speed. They tend to be
ordinary, middle-class people, not lobbies with
lists of demands. Their mix of revelry and rage
condemns the corruption, inefficiency and arrogance of the folk in charge.
Nobody can know how 2013 will change the world – if at all. In 1989 the Soviet empire teetered
and fell. But Marx’s belief that 1848 was the first wave of a proletarian revolution was confounded by
decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968 did more to change sex than politics. Even now, though, the
inchoate significance of 2013 is discernible. And for politicians who want to peddle the same old stuff, news
is not good.

4)Ao comparar os protestos de 2013 com movimentos políticos passados, afirma-se, no texto, que
a)nem sempre esses movimentos expressam anseios coletivos.
b)as crenças de Marx se confirmaram, mesmo após 1848.
c)as revoltas de 1968 causaram grandes mudanças políticas.
d)não se sabe se os protestos de 2013 mudarão o mundo.
e)mudanças de costumes foram as principais consqeuências de movimentos passados.

5)Segundo o texto, os protestos de 2013, em diversos lugares do mundo,

a)vêm perdendo força por falhas de organização.
b)questionam a atuação dos lobbies nas reivindicações das diversas classes sociais.
c)condenam a corrupção e outros comportamentos inadequados da classe política.
d)resultam de motivações econômicas precisas.
e)têm poucos aspectos em comum.

Observe a tirinha abaixo

6)Existem diversas tirinhas que tratam de questões relevantes para o âmbito escolar. É correto afirmar que,
na tirinha acima, o aluno - Selecione uma das seguintes:
A) apresenta uma definição para o termo “reforma educativa”.
B) elogia os métodos de ensino utilizados em sua escola.
C) menciona que o ano letivo em sua escola será adiado.
D)está animado com as mudanças em sua escola.
E)critica a falta de inovação em sua escola.
leia o texto para responder a questões 7 e 8 .

Photoshopping Our Souls Away

In 2011, the American Medical Association, the most
respected group of medical professionals in the U.S., took a
public stance against the way media “corrects” photographs of
humans, arguing that it is a leading cause of anorexia, the third
most common mental chronic disorder in adolescents.
It’s bad enough that most models are part of a gene
pool and age group that encompasses a very small percentage
of the population. But now, they are photographing these folks
and manipulating their skin, their weight, and proportions to
make them into perfect alien life forms that exist only in a computer.
(Adaptado de http://darlingmagazine.org/author/ sarey-martin-mcivor/)

7) O que fez a American Medical Association em 2011 e por quê?

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8) Justifique o título do texto

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leia o texto para responder a questões 9 e 10.

Laughter is the Best Medicine

Humor is infectious. The sound of roaring laughter is far more
contagious than any cough, sigh, or sneeze. Whenlaughter is
shared, it binds people together and increases happiness and
intimacy. In addition to the domino effect of joy and amusement,
laughter also triggers healthy physical changes in the body. Humor
and laughter strengthen your immune system, boost your
energy, diminish pain, and protect you from the damaging effects
of stress. Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and easy
to use.
(Adaptado de http://www.helpguide.org/life/humor_laughter_health.htm)

9) O texto considera o riso mais contagioso do que outras manifestações físicas. Indique duas dessas outras
manifestações.
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10) Explicite os efeitos positivos do bom humor e do riso para a saúde física das pessoas.
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