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  • Water Soluble Vitamins

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    nreena aslam
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    Water soluble vitamins play important roles as enzyme cofactors in many metabolic pathways. Deficiencies can result in diseases. Vitamin B1 is important for the TCA cycle and deficiencies can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B2 is involved in fatty acid metabolism and its deficiency can cause eye and mouth issues. Vitamin B3 deficiency results in pellagra with diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy with poor wound healing and bleeding.

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    Vitamins

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    Water soluble vitamins play important roles as enzyme cofactors in many metabolic pathways. Deficiencies can result in diseases. Vitamin B1 is important for the TCA cycle and deficiencies can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B2 is involved in fatty acid metabolism and its deficiency can cause eye and mouth issues. Vitamin B3 deficiency results in pellagra with diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy with poor wound healing and bleeding.

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    19 views2 pages

    Water Soluble Vitamins

    Uploaded by

    nreena aslam
    Water soluble vitamins play important roles as enzyme cofactors in many metabolic pathways. Deficiencies can result in diseases. Vitamin B1 is important for the TCA cycle and deficiencies can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B2 is involved in fatty acid metabolism and its deficiency can cause eye and mouth issues. Vitamin B3 deficiency results in pellagra with diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy with poor wound healing and bleeding.

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    Water Soluble vitamins

    Vitamin Enzyme Pathway Deficiency Disease


    B 1 (Thiamine) Associated with Alcoholism Wernicke’s encephalopathy:
    dehydrogenases: TCA cycle CNS damage
    -Pyruvate dehydrogenase Interferes with absorption Korsakoff’s syndrome:
    -α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Amnesia & psychiatric manifestations
    Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome:
    Both neurologic and psychiatric manifestations
    In regions dependent on Beriberi syndrome:
    polished or dehusked rice (husk A. Wet beriberi: high output cardiac failure due to inadequate ATP
    is the source of thiamine) and accumulation of keto-acids in the cardiac muscle.
    B. Dry beriberi: Without fluid retention
    `-Transketolase (activity requires HMP shunt
    only thiamine) and its activity is
    used to diagnose thiamine
    deficiency.

    -Branched chain keto acid Metabolism of branched Maple syrup disease


    dehydrogenase chain amino acids

    B 2 (Riboflavin) -Succinate dehydrogenase TCA -Ariboflavinosis -Corneal neovascularization


    Used to make FAD(H2) -Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Β-Oxidation of F.A. Dietary deficiency (TPN) -Stomatitis
    -Glycerol phosphate GP shuttle -Angular stomatitis
    dehydrogenase
    B 3 (Niacin) -Cofactor for dehydrogenases In large doses it can inhibit -Malnutrition -Pellagra:
    -Used to make NAD(H) & hormone sensitive lipase -tea and toast diet in elderly Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis & Death
    NADP(H) (Antihyperlipidemic drug)
    B 5 (Pantothenic Used to make Co-enzyme A
    acid) -Fatty acid synthase
    -Fatty acyl-CoA synthase -Fatty acid metabolism
    -Pyruvate dehydrogenase
    - α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase -TCA
    B 6 (Pyridoxine) Used as Pyridoxal-Phosphate by -Detoxify ammonia -Alcoholic liver disease -Sideroblastic anemia
    all Aminotransferases -Heme synthesis -Liver damage ( increase -Stomatitis
    (Transaminases) transaminases) -Encephalopathy
    -Isoniazid
    Also used by cystathionine β-
    synthase -Supplemented in pts with homocysteinuria
    B 7 (Biotin) Associated with carboxylases
    (ABC enzymes: ATP, Biotin, and
    Carbon). -Gluconeogenesis -Excessive ingestion of raw -Fasting hypoglycemia
    -Pyruvate carboxylase -Fatty acid synthesis eggs which contains Avidin
    -Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (biotin binding protein)

    -Odd chain fatty acid Alopecia


    -Propionyl-CoA metabolism and metabolism Bowel inflammation
    of Val, Met, Ile and Thr. Muscle pain
    Vitamin Enzyme Pathway Deficiency Disease
    B 9 (Folic acid) -Thymidylate synthase (U T) -Thymidine (Pyrimidine -Pregnancy (depletion of the - Increase risk of NTD.
    THF is the active form synthesis) stores within 3 months).
    -Purine synthesis - Alcoholics -Megaloblastic anemia
    -Buildup of homocysteine (homocystinemia)  DVT and
    atheroma formation.
    -Supply of B12 , folate or pyridoxine lowers homocysteine
    levels
    B 12 -Homocysteine methyltransferase - reactivate folate - No dietary deficiency. -Megaloblastic anemia (no folate reactivation)
    (Cyanocobalamine) - pernicious anemia (most
    -Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase -Odd chain fatty acid common)
    metabolism and -Bacterial overgrowth
    metabolism of Val, Met, Ile -Terminal ileum resection
    and Thr. -Pancreatitis
    -Crohn’s disease
    -Source of succinyl-CoA -Vegans -Subacute degeneration of spinal cord
    -Diphyllobothrium latum Degeneration of posterior and lateral columns
    Vitamin C -Prolyl & Lysyl hydroxylase -Collagen synthesis -Diet deficient in citrus fruits& -Scurvy:
    (Ascorbate) -Dopamine hydroxylase -Catecholamine synthesis green vegetables Poor wound healing, easy bruisability, bleeding gums,
    increase bleeding time, glossitis and anemia
    -Iron absorption from GIT from plant
    sources

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