Structural basics in architecture focuses on folded slab roofs and thin shell structures. Folded slab roofs are thin-walled structures made of reinforced concrete or steel plates formed into prismatic, pyramidal, or prismoidal shapes. Thin shell structures are also called plate and shell structures, which are lightweight constructions using curved shell elements like concrete shells, lattice shells, and membrane structures. Examples of curved thin shell structures include hyperbolic shells, parabolic shells, and double curve shells.
A Practical Workshop Companion for Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper Plate Workers: Containing Rules for Describing Various Kinds of Patterns used by Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper Plate Workers, Practical Geometry, Mensuration of Surfaces and Solids, Tables of the Weights of Metals, Lead Pipe, Tables of Areas and Circumferences
Structural basics in architecture focuses on folded slab roofs and thin shell structures. Folded slab roofs are thin-walled structures made of reinforced concrete or steel plates formed into prismatic, pyramidal, or prismoidal shapes. Thin shell structures are also called plate and shell structures, which are lightweight constructions using curved shell elements like concrete shells, lattice shells, and membrane structures. Examples of curved thin shell structures include hyperbolic shells, parabolic shells, and double curve shells.
Structural basics in architecture focuses on folded slab roofs and thin shell structures. Folded slab roofs are thin-walled structures made of reinforced concrete or steel plates formed into prismatic, pyramidal, or prismoidal shapes. Thin shell structures are also called plate and shell structures, which are lightweight constructions using curved shell elements like concrete shells, lattice shells, and membrane structures. Examples of curved thin shell structures include hyperbolic shells, parabolic shells, and double curve shells.
Structural basics in architecture focuses on folded slab roofs and thin shell structures. Folded slab roofs are thin-walled structures made of reinforced concrete or steel plates formed into prismatic, pyramidal, or prismoidal shapes. Thin shell structures are also called plate and shell structures, which are lightweight constructions using curved shell elements like concrete shells, lattice shells, and membrane structures. Examples of curved thin shell structures include hyperbolic shells, parabolic shells, and double curve shells.
• A thin-walled building structure of the shell type • Movable form work can be employed. • Form work required is relatively simpler. • Design involves simpler calculations. • Folded plate consumes more material than shells. Folded slab roof • Modern folded plate structures are typically made of cast in site or precast reinforced concrete, or steel plate. Prismatic: Rectangular plates. Pyramidal: Non- rectangular plates. Prismoidal: Triangular or trapezoidal plates Folded plate hut-japan Air force academy chapel u.s.a. Stairs.... CONCEPT OF SHELLS • Thin shell structures are also called plate and shell structures. • They are Light weight constructions using shell elements. Thin shells-types • Concrete shells- monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof. • Lattice shell structures(grid shell)-geodesic dome or hyperboloid structure. • Membrane structures- fabric structures, other tensile structures, cable domes, pneumatic structures. Thin shells - examples • Concrete shell- • Membrane structures- Deitingen Service Birdair Station Double curve shells • Curved surface shell structures can be used to create very useful, lightweight, rigid structural forms. Double curve shells CYLINDERICAL SHELLS Hyperbolic shells • Doubly curved surface- shape of a saddle. • It has a convex form along one axis and concave form on along the other. • Easy to construct using a series of straight structural members • Constructed using concrete. • The curvature reduces its tendency to buckle in compression and achieves stiffness. Parabolic shells • Series of parabolas stung together. • The use of reinforcing steel in the upward curvature of the parabola allows for the tensile forces to flow into first the neutral sag, or catenary then the thrust of the forces flow into the compression on the downward parabola. • Both the axial parabolas are compressed and in tension. Saddle dome in Calgary, Alberta Lee valley velopark, Londan Parabolic shells PARABOLOID A paraboloid is a particular kind of three-dimensional surface. In the simplest case, it is the revolution of a parabola along its axis of symmetry. This kind of surface will open upwards in both sideways dimensions. A hyperbolic paraboloid will open upward in one dimension and downward in the other, resembling a saddle. Like in a two-dimensional parabola, scaling factors can be applied to the curvature of a paraboloid. y = x2 Examples : • TWA terminal,NYC Intl. Airport •Zeiss Planatarium,Germany • l'oceanogràfic,Spain
The variants of Paraboloids are:
•Elliptical paraboloid (silmilar to paraboloid) •Hyperbolic “ Hyperbolic: A saddle-shaped quadric surface whose sections by planes parallel to one coordinate plane are hyperbolas while those sections by planes parallel to the other two are parabolas if proper orientation of the coordinate axes is assumed In simple words, I is a combination of hyperbolae and parabola within a single entity. Examples: •Lee Valley Velo Park •House by James R. Mowry •Scotiabank Saddledome,Canada The end
A Practical Workshop Companion for Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper Plate Workers: Containing Rules for Describing Various Kinds of Patterns used by Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper Plate Workers, Practical Geometry, Mensuration of Surfaces and Solids, Tables of the Weights of Metals, Lead Pipe, Tables of Areas and Circumferences