Republic of the Philippines

Batangas State University

College of Engineering Architecture and Fine Arts
Mechanical Engineering Department

ME 413

MACHINE DESIGN 2

DESIGN PROJECT

“DEHUSKING MACHINE”

Austria, Venz Adrian A.

Banaag, Bhoy Merz Nathaniel B.

Estravila, Klint Darell D.

 Lomerio, Raymond C.

Mendoza, Jayven S.

ME - 4105

DEHUSKING MACHINE

ME 413 - Machine Design 2

Design Project

I. INTRODUCTION

The traditional method of husking is by using traditional tools such as ‘parang’,

hoe, blade or spear. The manual husking process requires an operator to use his
or her strength and skill to bring the coconut sharply down into the blade, twist the
coconut to one side, loosen the husk and detach the fibre from the shell. This
action is repeated several times until the entire fibre is detached from the shell.
This process is not only difficult and dangerous, but requires necessary skill,
strong wrists and arms. Presently, no commercial mechanical husking has been
developed, even though the manual method is hampered by poor productivity. In
estates, workers are paid RM35 – RM50 for manually husking 800 – 1,000 nuts
per day. On average, 100 husked nuts can be produced in 1 h. A machine that
can mechanise the husking of coconuts should be developed to replace the
inefficient method, time consumed and laborious problem of manual husking.
Furthermore, this machine should produce more hourly and daily outputs as well
as minimising the risk of coconut husking.

The dehusking machine is driven my motor and it peels the husk from the dry
coconut with the help of systematically arranged spikes on shafts. The dry
coconuts are placed in between the two shafts. The shafts have spikes welded on
them and rotate in opposite directions. The rolling motion of the roller shafts
allows the spikes to penetrate the husk and peel them off the nuts. The proposed
design consists of a power source to drive the shafts, a gear box to reduce the
speed, chain and gear drive to transmit power, bearings and a frame to mount
and support all the components.

II. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

III. COMPONENTS

 Shaft

 Roller Chain

 Spur Gear
IV. COMPUTATIONS

Roller Chain

Pm = 4.1 kW (5.5 hp)

N1 = 1440 rpm

N2 = 776 rpm

a.) For no, of teeth of sprockets

Solving RC Designation

2
 900  3
P 
 N1 
2
 900  3
P 
 1440 
P  0.7310044346 
1
x P
8
x  80.7310044346 
x  5.848035476
 use RC50 with P  0.625 in.

Solving for D1 :

P 0.625
D1 
sin180 


sin 180
12

 T1 
Assume very low speed, Tmin  12
D1  2.414814566 in.
Solving for v1 :

v 1   D1 N1
 1ft 
 2.414814566 in.1440 rpm  
 12 in 
 910.3636439 fpm
v 1  4.624921639 m s
since v 1  2 m s
 recompute

Assume slow speed, Tmin  17

P 0.625 in.
D1 
sin180 


sin 180
17

 T1 
D1  3.40136947 in.
v1   D1 N1
 1ft 
 3.40136947 in.1440 rpm  
 12 in. 
v1  1282.286081 fpm
v1  6.513695421 m s
since v 1  6 m s
 recompute

Assume moderate speed, Tmin  21

P 0.625 in.
D1 
sin180 


sin 180 
21
 T1 
D1  4.193441337 in.

Solving for v1 :
 v 1   D1 N1
 1ft. 
 4.193441337 in.1440 rpm  
 12 in. 
v 1  1580.37014 fpm
v 1  8.030530021 m s
since v 1  10 m s
 use D1  4.193441337 in.
T1  21 teeth

Solving for T2 :

T1 N1  T2 N2
T1 N1 211440 rpm 
T2  
N2 776 rpm 
 38.96907216 teeth
T2  39 teeth

 T1  21 teeth, T2  39 teeth

b.) For pitch diameter of sprockets:

Solving for D2 :

P 0.625 in.
D2 
sin180 


sin 180
39

 T2 
D2  7.767200838 in.

 D1  2.414814566 in.
D2  7.767200838 in.

c.) For length of roller chain:

Solving for C:
 D2  D1 7.767200838 in.   2.414814566 in. 
C 2   2 
P 0.625 in.
C  14.35937299 pitches

Solving for L:

T2  T1 (T2  T1 )2
L  2C 
2 4  2C
39  21 (39  21)2
  2(14.35937299)  2
2 4 (14.35937299)
L  59.29029016 pitches

 use L  60 pitches

d.) For the no. of strands:

From Table 1, Electric motor

Assume, moderate load

 Nsf  1.3

Solving for design hp :

Design hp  trans hp Nsf 

 5.5 hp 1.3
Design hp  7.15 hp

By formula:

Solving for hp / strand

for link plate fatigue :

 hp / strand  0.004 T1  N1  P30.07 (P )
1.08 0 .9

 0.004 21  1440   0.625 

1.08 0 .9 3 0.07 ( 0.625 )

hp / strand  18.58460666

for roller brushing impact :

1 .5
100 T1 
hp / strand  K r   P , use K r  17
0. 8

 N1 
100 21
1.5

 17   0.625 
0 .8

 N1 
hp / strand  20.55597776

 use hp / strand  18.58460666

Solving for the no. of strand

des. hp
no. of strand 
hp / strand
7.15 hp

18.58460666
no. of strand  0.3847270018 strand

 no. of strand  1 strand

Shaft

P  5.5 hp for mild steel :

N  776 rpm  y  247 MPa  35,824.3 psi
L  750 mm

Solve for D :
 D3 N
P (main power transmitti ng shaft )
80
80 P 80 5.5 hp 
D3 3
N 776 rpm
7
 0.8276822692 in.  in.
8
D  22.225 mm

for hollow shaft:

Solve for d:

 d  0 .3  y
 0.335824.3 psi
d  10,747.29 psi

P  2TN
 33,000 ft  lb min 
5.5 hp  
T
P
  1 hp 
2N 2776 rpm 
T  37.22502857 ft  lb
T  446.7003429 in  lb

16 T D
d 

 D 4  d4 
lb 16 446.7003429 in  lb 0.875 in.
10,747.29 2 
in 
 0.875 in.  d4
4

12
d  0.7957466679 in.  in.
16
d  19.05 mm

Spur Gear
P  5.5 hp
N1  N2  776 rpm
Mild steel
Medium Shock 8  10 hrs 
C  120 mm  4.72441 in.

D1  D2
C
2
4.72441 in.2  D1  D2
9.44882  D1  D2
9.44882  2D1
D1  4.72441 in.
D2  4.72441 in.

 4.72441 in. 
v 1  D1 N1   776 rpm 
 12 ft 
v 1  959.7937731 fpm

using Lewis Equation:

Sw f y
Ft   vf
P
assume : f  10 P , y  0.3

From Table 11-3 : mild steel

Sw  12,000

Solving for Ft :
 33000 (hp )
Ft 
Nsf  v
From Table 11 - 4 ; medium shock
(8 - 10 hrs.)
Nsf  0.65

33000 (5.5 hp )
Ft 
0.65 959.7937731 fpm 
Ft  290.9278817 lb

Assuming class 1 gear,

S w f y  600 
Ft 
P  600  v 
 10 
12000 0.3 
P  600 
290.9278817 lb   
P  600  959.7937731 fpm 
P  6.899229822 in.
P  7 in.

From fig. 11-12 : v = 959.7937731

max permissible = 0.0024

From Table 11-5 : P = 7 in.

max error class 1 gear = 0.0020

0.0020  0.0024,  recompute

Assuming class 2 gear,

 S w f y  1200 
Ft 
P 1200  v 
 10 
12000 0.3 
P  1200 
290.9278817 lb   
P 1200  959.7937731 fpm 
P  8.291690035 in.
P  8 in.

From Table 11-5 : P = 8 in.

max error class 2 gear = 0.0010

0.0020  0.0010
 use class 2 gears ; P  8 in.

10 10
f   1.25 in.
P 8
T1  P D1  (8)( 4.721441)  37.79528 in.

P  8 in.
f  1.25 in.
T1  T2  37.79528 in.
D1  D2  4.721441 in.

V. CONCLUSION

Dehusking machine has been implemented in the field of agriculture to

increase the productivity and reduce the requirement of skilled man power. The
cost has been a barrier for small scale farmer in adapting to this technology. A
simple mechanism to dehusk the coconut has been implemented in this machine
to overcome the high cost barrier and make it affordable for small scale farmers.
Coconut dehusker is available at an affordable cost and can be utilized up to its
potential. The machine provides a good productivity with less human interaction.
It does not need skilled labour and has low maintenance. It can be easily
dismantled and carried from one place to another with ease. The future scope of
this work is to overcome the limitation of coconut size that could be dehusked and
to automate the process of loading and unloading of the coconut.

In this design, the machine will use an electric motor with 5.5 hp. Three
component are present in this machine, it is the roller chain, shafts, and spur
gears. We use roller chains to reduce the speed of 1440 rpm coming from the
electric motor, to the speed of 776 rpm of the shaft. There are two shafts that are
both rotating on each other’s direction. We designed hollow shafts with spikes
that acts as the main dehusker of the machine. The spur gears are designed with
equal diameters to have an equal rotational speed of the two rotating shafts. The
rotational speed is equal to have an equal performance on each shafts.