Digest 92, Teknik Dergi, December 1992, 146-151 On Calculation of Fresh Concrete Pressures on Vertical Formwork Surfacest Melike ALTAN* Metin AYDOGAN*™ ABSTRACT Methods of calculation of fresh concrete pressure on vertical formwork surfaces are investigated on the basis of various code requirements and experimental data. Two typical cases were numerically studied to illustrate the differences between the pressures proposed by these codes and those experimentally obtained. For low concreting speeds, the ACI-347 Method and for higher speeds the DIN 18218 Method were found to be applicable. In this work calculation of fresh p,.30Vv, for vp<4 mh concrete pressures to vertical formwork surfaces are investigated in view of Py=36Vv, for vy24m/h various codes used in practice and experimental studies. From these relations Py is obtained in Distribution of fresh concrete kN/m. The distribution of the pressures pressures along the formwork height along the height of form are shown in according to DIN 18218 are shown in (Fig.3). (Fig.1). Maximum pressure value Py and hydrostatic pressure heigh hy depending ‘on the conerete quality and concreting speed can be obtained from diagrams | given in Fig.2. When the conditions are different from what is supplied in the diagrams, the values of Pp and hg are obtained with coefficients given in Tables 1,2 and 3. In ACI 347-78 the fresh concrete pressures ate given with Pb empirical relations depending on the kind of member to be concreted. According to Ertingshausen's proposal fresh concrete pressures depending on Figure 1. Fresh concrete pressure concreting speed are given as: distribution according to DIN 18218 hb» Syb * ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul * ITU Faculty of Givit Engineering, istanbul + Published in Teknik Dergi, Vol.3, No.3, July 1992 pp 29-537 146setting time Sh = yp = 25 kN? 120\_ concrete temperature-15°C 110]— compaction with wibration |- rigid formwork Be5 hg hydrostatic prassure height Im} Pp fresh concrete press. kim?) SSSS5eeas 0 0s i i 20 2% 3 we F » 3S Melike ALTAN, Metin AYDOGAN 10 100 0 1 130 ao, at we a ‘column wall 40 45 50 85 60 68 70 concreting speed y,{m/h] Figure 2. Maximum fresh concrete pressures according to DIN 18218 Table 1, Maximum fresh concrete pressures according to DIN 18218 we a % & he 10 096 78 110 S12 136 84 189377 Tae Gat tee MeN 156449179 507200 116 68 202 72 229 196 864 225 637 255 216 21 248 702 2Bt 2 201 88 236 079 271 767 307 256 736 298 882 3m0 45] 544 2.18 54 lls 237 69 2,76 704 920 897 350 2S 262 Té 206 851 940 062 [eslos soo am woo 20 rau an 65/714 286 84 336 966 386 100.2 4,37 Specht's proposal for tresh concrete pressures is an empirical formulation with a constant form : Max Py = 7.5 Vp +21 Pb: kN/m, Vp: min The DMR diagram proposed by Boe 088 oF 47099 20 Bs Wee 3321.39 90 a7 150 44 7187 49 58 1a oe 15] 20! 6 & a b & a nc a0; yf Ok TE ]as OHS SABES ae 32 193 3 156 (449 (1,79 (80,7 2,03, 278 oat 889 278 308 340 373 40 160 53 212 610 510204 60 240 600 S70 226 67 268 TA 29 252 74 298 a5 ao 278 Bt Oat «BA 32, ‘348 985 421 7 62 1058 “Department of Main Roads" in Australia is shown in (fig. 4). Fresh concrete pressure distribution for concreting heights above 5.8 m and concreting speeds more than 3mv/h is given in (Fig. 5). 147On Calculation of Fresh Concrete Pressures on Vertical Formwork Surfaces fresh concrete press. {kN /m2} Table 2. Coefficients of set retardation Table. Pressure adjustment factors by unit weight of concrete concreting speed (mh) Figure 4. DMR Diagram 4, “oe 3 0.2557 ’ g he 153v | Sy Z |e gow Ik concreting ', |= deph Sly 4 max Bp Tarp pot Figure 5. Fresh concrete pressures proposed by DMR for high conereting Figure 3. Fresh concrete pressure speeds [Vp > 3.0 mh] distribution according to Ertingshausen 148Melike ALTAN, Metin AYDOGAN Table 4. Max. Py values fof wa ae [ee | TH18 2F a 151, 8432 = SOF 2] acl Ertingshausen| Specht pur ria Repo Taussert a Figure 6. Fresh concrete pressures during sliptorming (ne .am) Feansiz KK. hyd.pres. 025h r £m Sn 38h e 8 ton ash Figure 7. Fresh concrete pressures for slipforms as proposed in [9] 149On Calculation of Fresh Concrete Pressures on Vertical Formwork Surfaces Table 6. Resuttant of fresh concrete pressure F and its distance from the surface of concrete v= 02 mh F kNim] z{m] 0,77 DIN 18218 ACI Entinghausen ‘Specht DMR Cria Report Taussent{10] French S.M.F v=0,4m/h FIKN/m] v=0,3m/h FikNim]— z{m} zm} oe Figure 8. Maximum P, values 5 _ aoa a ~ - we ACT =-—- french + spocht wiv -7*# Cria Report Figure 9. Resultant of fresh concrete pressure F and its distance from the surface of concrete. 150For the calculation of fresh concrete pressures on a sliptorm, proposals of the "Gria Report” and the slipform manufacturers of France and Belgium are explained. The proposed diagrams are shown in (Fig. 6). Experimental results for pressures on slipforms are given in (Fig. 7). In the light of the examined codes and Melike ALTAN, Metin AYDOGAN compared in two numerical examples and the results are summarized in Tables 5 to 7 and figures 8 and 9. In conclusion, at low concreting speed ACI 347 and at high speeds DIN 48218 are proposed for calculating fresh concrete pressures to vertical form surfaces. 151