Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS

College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

UNIT III
Moral Values and Values Formation

Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an individual's behavior and choices.
Individual's morals may derive from society and government, religion, or self. When moral values derive from society
and government they, of necessity, may change as the laws and morals of the society change.

Moral values refer to a set of principles that guide on individual on how to evaluate right versus wrong. People
generally apply moral values to justify decisions and actions, and is also defines the personal character of the person.
Most recognize that values are generally related to something of worth or meaning of other words, our goals and actions
will reflect the values of “success”.

What Are Values?

The philosophical study of values has a name, actually — it’s called “axiology”. It studies the metaphysical
and epistemological status of values, broadly understood. But for our purposes, it’s enough to say that values are
things that people care about.
Values are what matter to us. They are what motivate our behavior. They ground our judgments about what is
good or bad, desirable or undesirable. Any form of activity that involves making judgments about what is better or
worse, good or bad, high quality or low quality, right or wrong, successful or unsuccessful, desirable or undesirable …
all of these judgments involve values in one form or another.
There are values in sports, values in art, values in social and cultural practices, values in science, values in
relationships, values in economic transactions, religious values … our everyday experience is saturated with values
and value judgments. https://criticalthinkeracademy.com/courses/moral-arguments/lectures/659294

Values are the personal standards by which you choose to live. They are moral or ethical principles that we view
as good and important. They might include forgiveness, honesty, liberty, love, respect for life, and self-control. Our
values, therefore, influence our behavior, priorities, and relationships, as well as the moral guidance we give to our
children. Despite their importance, however, moral values are in decline. For example, do you strive to be honest in all
things?

Values also include ethical standards. For example, a person with solid ethics is industrious, fair, and
considerate of others—traits that are best developed while a person is still young.

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Train a child in the way he should go; even when he grows old he will not depart from it.”—
Proverbs 22:6

WHY IT MATTERS

In the age of technology, moral values are essential. “Bad influences can be accessed on any mobile device
at any time,” says a mother named Karyn. “Our children could be sitting right next to us while they’re watching something
indecent!”

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Mature people . . . have their powers of discernment trained to distinguish both right and
wrong.”—Hebrews 5:14.

Ethical values are essential too. That includes extending simple courtesies (such as saying “please” and
“thank you”) and showing concern for others—a value that has become rare, as people seem more interested in devices
than they are in people.

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Just as you want men to do to you, do the same way to them.”—Luke 6:31.

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

WHAT YOU CAN DO

 State your moral values. For example, research shows that teenagers are more likely to abstain from
premarital sex if they have been given the clear message that such conduct is wrong.

TIP: Use a current event to initiate a discussion about values. For example, if the news reports a hate crime, you could
say: “It’s horrible the way some people show such anger toward others. How do you think people become like that?”

“It’s a lot harder for children to choose between right and wrong if they don’t know what is right or wrong.”—Brandon.

 Teach ethical values. Even younger children can learn to say “please” and “thank you” and to show regard for
others. “The more children see that they are part of something larger than themselves—a family, a school, a
community—the more readily they perform acts of kindness that benefit everyone, not just themselves,” says the
book Parenting Without Borders.

TIP: Assign chores to your children to help them learn the value of serving others.

“If our children get used to doing chores now, they won’t be shocked when they live on their own. Taking care of
responsibilities will already be a part of their life.”—Tara.
https://www.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/awake-no2-2018-jul-aug/successful-families-values/#?insight[search_id]=7cb5022c-
a3f8-4646-a717-296cc4e440aa&insight[search_result_index]=10

Kinds of Values

Bible values give evidence that they were tailor-made for humankind. Consider just a few examples—the qualities of
love, kindness, generosity, and honesty.

1. Love for others.

“If you have learned to love, then happiness will surely knock on your door,” says the book Engineering Happiness—A
New Approach for Building a Joyful Life. Clearly, as humans, we need love. Without it, we cannot be truly happy.

What the Bible says: “Clothe yourselves with love, for it is a perfect bond of union.” (Colossians 3:14) The same Bible
writer also said: “If I . . . do not have love, I am nothing.”—1 Corinthians 13:2.

That love is neither sexual nor purely sentimental; it is governed by principle. It is the kind of love that moves us to help a
stranger in difficulty, with no thought of a reward. At 1 Corinthians 13:4-7, we read: “Love is long-suffering and kind. [It] is
not jealous, it does not brag, does not get puffed up, does not behave indecently, does not look for its own interests,
does not become provoked. It does not keep account of the injury. It does not rejoice over unrighteousness, but rejoices
with the truth. It bears all things, . . . endures all things.”

When families lack such love, everybody suffers, especially children.

A particularly subtle enemy of love is materialism—the belief that material well-being and pleasure are the highest
values. Yet, secular studies repeatedly show that beyond a surprisingly modest threshold, more wealth does not bring
more happiness. In fact, people who adopt materialistic values may actually be investing in unhappiness, a view that
finds Biblical support. Ecclesiastes 5:10 tells us: “A mere lover of silver will not be satisfied with silver, neither any lover
of wealth with income. This too is vanity.” The Bible also states: “Let your manner of life be free of the love of money.”—
Hebrews 13:5.

2. Kindness and generosity.

“Wouldn’t it be great if you could walk into a store and buy lifelong happiness?” said an article in the United
States by The Greater Good Science Center at the University of California, Berkeley. “The idea’s not as fanciful
as it sounds—as long as whatever you buy is meant for someone else.” The point? Giving makes us happier
than receiving.

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

What the Bible says: “There is more happiness in giving than there is in receiving.”—Acts 20:35.

Often, the best form of giving—and the most rewarding—is giving of ourselves, in the form of our time and energy.
Author Charles D. Warner wrote: “It is one of the beautiful compensations of . . . life that no one can sincerely try to help
another without helping himself.” That is so because God did not create humans to be selfish but, rather, to reflect his
own precious qualities.—Genesis 1:27.

3. Honesty.

This ethical value is fundamental to any civilized society. Dishonesty fosters fear, mistrust, and social decay.

What the Bible says: “Who will be a guest in [God’s] tent?” The answer? “He who is walking faultlessly and . . .
speaking the truth in his heart.” (Psalm 15:1, 2) Yes, genuine honesty, like the other qualities we have considered, is a
personality trait. It is not governed by circumstances or expediency.

Define these 10 Moral Values:

1. Respect-

2. Dependability-

3. Adjusting and Compromising-

4. Open-mindedness-

5. Consistency-

6. Justice-

7. Honesty-

8. Never Hurt Anyone-

9. Commitment-

10. Cultivate Love for Education-

Why human values are important?

 _________________________________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________________________

Explain these two types of values that are classified into two broad categories:

 Terminal Values:
_______________________________________________________________________________________

 Instrumental Values:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
https://iedunote.com/types-of-values

The Need for Moral Values

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

WHY ARE MORAL VALUES IMPORTANT?

Children are bombarded with distorted messages about morals, whether from the people they go to school with,
the music they listen to, or the movies and TV shows they watch. Such influences can challenge their beliefs about what
is right and what is wrong.

That is especially true during the teen years. By that time, says the book Beyond the Big Talk, they “need to
understand the intense peer and media pressures to be popular and accepted, and they need to learn to make decisions
consistent with their own values and choices, even if that means going against their friends.” Clearly, training needs to
begin before adolescence.

HOW TO TEACH MORAL VALUES

1. Establish a moral code.

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Mature people . . . have their powers of discernment trained to distinguish both right and wrong.”—
Hebrews 5:14.

 Build a moral vocabulary. Point to everyday situations and highlight contrasts: “This is honest; that is dishonest.” “This
is loyal; that is disloyal.” “This is kind; that is unkind.” In time, your child will connect moral values with actions.
 Explain the reasons for your moral code. For example, ask questions such as: Why is honesty the best policy? How
can lying damage friendships? Why is stealing wrong? Appeal to your child’s developing conscience and sense of logic.
 Emphasize the benefits of adhering to good morals. You could say: “If you are honest, others will trust you” or “If you
are kind, people will like being around you.”

2. Make your moral code part of your family identity.

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Keep proving what you yourselves are.”—2 Corinthians 13:5.

 Your moral code should be part of your family, so that you can truthfully say:
o “In our family we do not lie.”
o “We do not hit others or scream at them.”
o “We do not approve of abusive speech.”

Your child will see that moral values are not mere rules to follow but that they make up the family’s identity.

 Frequently discuss your family values with your child. Use everyday situations as object lessons. You could compare
your values with those presented in the media or in school. Ask your child questions like: “What would you have done?”
“How would our family have handled this?”

3. Reinforce moral values.

BIBLE PRINCIPLE: “Maintain a good conscience.”—1 Peter 3:16.

 Commend good behavior. If your child displays good moral values in what he does, praise him for it and explain why.
For example, you could say: “You were honest. I am proud of you.” If your child confesses to having done something
wrong, sincerely commend him for his honesty before you correct him.
 Correct bad behavior. Help your children accept responsibility for their actions. Children should know what they did
wrong and how their conduct deviates from the family’s value system. Some parents are reluctant to make their child
‘feel bad’ about misbehavior, but discussing bad behavior with your child this way will help him develop a conscience that
is sensitive to right and wrong.
https://www.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/awake-no2-2019-jul-aug/need-for-moral-values/#?insight[search_id]=8062eec9-e6e8-
4e64-8fde-5d1b4cdab6c8&insight[search_result_index]=0

“Children who see their parents display honesty are more likely to resist temptations to be dishonest
when on their own”.

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

What changes are we therefore seeing in attitudes and behavior?

 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
How are these changing values affecting you and your family?
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________

Our Core Values are: Integrity, Commitment, Advocacy, Respect and Excellence (I CARE).

Character traits are valued aspects of a person's behavior. Everyone has character traits, both good and bad,
including our favorite fictional characters. Character traits are often labeled with descriptive adjectives such
as patient, unfaithful, or jealous.
Often, someone's character and personality are intertwined. But, believe it or not, the two are quite distinct. The
easiest way to separate the two is to say personality traits are surface-level observations, visible from the outside, while
character traits are deep-seated, not immediately obvious, and developed over time.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/character-trait-examples.html

The characteristics and importance of values:

a. Values provide standards of competence and morality.

b. Values are fewer in number than attitudes.
c. Values transcend specific objects, situations or persons.
d. Values are relatively permanent and resistant to change.
e. Values are most central to the core of a person.
f. Values have two attributes-content and intensity. The content attribute stresses that a particular code of
conduct is important. The intensity attribute specifies how important that particulars code of conduct is.
g. When we rank an individual’s values in terms of their intensity. We obtain the value system of that
person.
h. In the value system, all of us have a hierarchy of values; which is identified by the relative importance
we assign to different values such as freedom, self-respect, honesty, and so on.
i. Values lay the foundations for the understanding of attitudes and motivation.
j. Personal value system influences the perception of individuals.
k. Value system influences the manager’s perception of the different situations.
l. Personal value system influences the way in which a manager views the other individuals and the
groups of individuals in the organization.
m. Value system also influences a manager’s decisions and his solutions to the various problems.
n. Values influence the attitudes and behaviors. An individual will get more job satisfaction if his values
align with the organization’s policies. If the organizations’ policies are different from his views and values,
he will be disappointed; the disappointment will lead to job dissatisfaction and decline in performance.
o. The challenge and reexamination of established work values constitute important corner stones of the
current management revolution all over the world. Hence, an understanding of the values becomes a
necessity. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/values/essay-on-values-meaning-characteristics-and-importance/63830

What do we value?
Make a list of things that are important to you
What direction do we have form our leaders or religion?
What does the handbook say about are purpose and values?
What are the needs of the people in our group?
We value: ________________________________________________________________________
We value: ________________________________________________________________________
We value: ________________________________________________________________________
We value: ________________________________________________________________________
We value: ________________________________________________________________________
Draw a Venn diagram showing: Good values, Bad values and
Effects of Moral values.

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

Note:

You can refer on this site:

 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/ethics-an-overview/
 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ethics-vs-morals-law-dr-arturo-perez
 https://www.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/g201311/moral-values-enrich-
life/#?insight[search_id]=3355e834-cffc-421a-b9c9-e6a9b3805f8a&insight[search_result_index]=4

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)
 Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IBAJAY CAMPUS
College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Ibajay, Aklan

Teacher Education

NSTP 1 (National Service Training Program)

1ST Semester AY 2019-2020 Cassie Mae S. Ortalla
(NSTP 1-Instructor)