SET721 – ENGINEERING SUSTAINABILITY

TRIMESTER 2, 2019

Master of Engineering (Professional) – S751

Assignment – 1

GROUP NUMBER – 57

Student Name Student Number Sections Worked

Prasanth Palani 219422109 Water

Gera Shanthan Transportation

Rajamohan Srinath Energy

Agaram Senthilkumar Communication

Vigneshwar

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE PALNNING

REPORT

SELECTED CITY: MUMBAI, INDIA

INTRODUCTION
City Bombay – now Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra which is located at west coast of
India It is one of the worlds most populated city. It is also known as the financial capital of
India. Many top multinational companies have their headquarters situated at Mumbai such as
Larsen and Toubro, SBI, LIC, Tata Group, Godrej, Reliance. In 2009, the city was honoured
with the title of “Alpha World City”. It is also the wealthiest city of India and The Bombay
Stock Exchange is one of the largest in the world located at Dalal street, Mumbai. Mumbai is
one of the biggest film industries in the world and it is called the home of Bollywood where
thousands of people are employed. Also, the city comprises of some wealthier persons of
India such as Mukesh Ambani, Azim Premji. (MapsofIndia, 2019).
The city of Bombay comprised an archipelago of seven small islands in the Arabian Sea. By
seeing the economical growth of the city, the East India Company shifted its headquarter
from Surat to Bombay (MunicipalCorporationofGreaterMumbai, 2015).

Figure 1: 7 Islands of Bombay (MunicipalCorporationofGreaterMumbai, 2015)

The 603 km2 area of the city with a population of 18394912 as census 2011 experiences a dry
weather condition for 7 months and followed by heavy rainfalls in July. The Arabian Sea to the west of
the city acts as a major trading hub which has a great impact on economic growth (MapsofIndia,
2019).
 Figure 2: Population Growth, Mumbai (WorldPopulationReview, 2019)

Figure 3: Mumbai competitive with other world cities (Clark et al., 2014)

Moreover, Mumbai has a unique infrastructure called The Navi Mumbai Municipal
Corporation headquarter. It is also called as “Green Government Building of Mumbai.” This
is a blend of modern and traditional architecture constructed with a futuristic view. It was the
first government green building of the country with rainwater harvesting system, solar panels,
anti-reflective tiles on terrace. It is also one of the tallest flag masts at a height of 222 feet
(Shinde, 2014).
 Figure 4: Mumbai Green Building (Shinde, 2014)

Figure 5: Map of Mumbai (MapsofIndia, 2019)

WATER:
Mumbai is one of the most populated cities in India which quenches it’s thirst from various
water reservoirs. Mumbai receives water from six reservoirs/dams - Upper Vaitarna, Modak
Sagar, Tansa, Middle Vaitarna, Bhatsa, Vihar and Tulsi (TheEconomicTimes, 2019).

Figure 1: Densely Packed Housing, Mumbai (Mumbai, 2019)

To supply water to this congested city is a toughest task for the state government and the
primary mode of water supply is carried through pipe system. The water from 7 different
sources are treated at 4 water treatment plants before distributed to the Mumbai resident. The
water supply system of Mumbai is very complex as the water is distributed from 2 master
reservoirs and 27 service reservoirs across the city. The water supply system of Mumbai is
the second largest after Tokyo (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, 2019).

Figure 2: Source of Water Around Mumbai (Pinto, 2019)

In spite of having the largest water supply system, Mumbai metropolitan city failed to quench
the thirst of all its citizens. The city was heading towards a massive water crisis due to delay
of monsoon in June 2019. Even though Mumbai lakes received million litter of water on July
2019, it did not cure the water cut inside the city (TheIndianExpress, 2019).
On the other hand, Mumbai is facing a heavy rainfall from July 2019 and the normal life is
thrown out of gear. Moreover, The India Metrological Department issued red alert on August
4, 2019 to the Mumbai city due to the heavy rainfall. This heavy rainfall had a great impact
on transportation system as roads and railway tracks were flooded with water (Niharika
Banerjee, 2019).

Figure 3: Water logging on rail tracks (Niharika Banerjee, 2019)

Mumbai had already experienced the same situation on July 2005 (Jenamani et al., 2006) in
spite of that, the city had failed to overcome the issue of rainfall. If this cycle of drought and
flood continues for next 30 years, by 2050 the city will face a huge water scarcity.

Methodology:
Mumbai is a best example of the issues faced by urban organizers in managing the yearly
monsoon rainfall. To overcome this issue Maharashtra State Government, need to take
necessary actions on Storm Water Management. The present infrastructure is inadequate and
the handling capacity of 100-year-old system is 25mm of rainwater / hour. These outfalls
often get blocked during heavy rainfall. The state government has mentioned this
as their key area of development in their smart city development brochure (MCGM, 2015).
Also, replacement of older pipelines is necessary to avoid leakages.

CLARK, G., MOONEN & CHASE, J. 2014. Mumbai: India’s global city.

JENAMANI, R. K., BHAN, S. & KALSI, S. J. C. S. 2006. Observational/forecasting aspects

of the meteorological event that caused a record highest rainfall in Mumbai. 1344-
1362.

MAPSOFINDIA. 2019. Mumbai City. Maps of India.

MUMBAI, I. 2019. Densely Packed Housing [Online]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Available:

https://academic-eb-com.ezproxy-
b.deakin.edu.au/levels/collegiate/assembly/view/199122 [Accessed August 4, 2019].

MUNICIPALCORPORATIONOFGREATERMUMBAI 2015. Smart City Challenge -

MCGM. In: MUMBAI, M. C. O. G. (ed.).
MUNICIPALCORPORATIONOFGREATERMUMBAI. 2019. Water Works [Online].
Available: https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?
NavigationTarget=navurl://64016808cff6541808ff7ebf291322dc [Accessed 4 August,
2019].

MUNICIPALCORPORATIONOFGREATERMUMBAI 2015. Mumbai City Book. In:

MUNICIPALCORPORATIONOFGREATERMUMBAI (ed.).

NIHARIKA BANERJEE, P. J. 2019. Mumbai Rains Highlights: Heavy Rains Continue To

Pound Mumbai, Suburb Areas [Online]. New Delhi TV. Available:
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/live-updates-weather-department-predicts-heavy-
rainfall-in-mumbai-2079641 [Accessed August 03, 2019].

PINTO, R. 2019. Minor rise in lake levels [Online]. The Times of India. Available:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70007605.cms?
utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst [Accessed
Jun 30, 2019 ].

SHINDE, S. G. 2014. India’s first ‘green’ government building [Online]. Times of India.
Available: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/Indias-first-green-
government-building/articleshow/30781605.cms [Accessed Feb 21, 2014].

THEECONOMICTIMES. 2019. Mumbai: Modak Sagar lake starts overflowing, a day after
Tansa [Online]. Available:
economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70399624.cms?
utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst[Accessed
Jul 26, 2019].

THEINDIANEXPRESS. 2019. Lake levels rise but not enough to lift water cuts in Mumbai
[Online]. Available: https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/lake-levels-rise-
but-not-enough-to-lift-water-cuts-in-mumbai-5815870/ [Accessed August 4, 2019].

WORLDPOPULATIONREVIEW. 2019. Mumbai Population [Online]. Available:

http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/mumbai-population/ [Accessed 2019-
08-05].