Assignment -6

A1.Consider the BPSK transmission with equal average signal power 𝑃𝑠 for symbols 0
and 1. Assume that the output of the coherent receiver is given by 𝑟𝑘 = 𝑠𝑘 √𝐸𝑠 + 𝑛𝑘
where 𝑠𝑘 is the transmitted symbol, 𝐸𝑠 is the symbol energy, and 𝑛𝑘 is zero-mean
Gaussian r.v. with variance 𝜎𝑛2 .
i. What is the value of 𝐸𝑠 if the symbol rate is 10 Gbps and 𝑃𝑠 = 1mW.
ii. For the value of 𝑃𝑠 given in (i), what is the OSNR if optical bandwidth = 0.1
nm, 𝑛𝑠𝑝 = 2, and noise figure = 4 dB. Assume that the wavelength of operation
is 1550 nm.
iii. Derive the expression for probability of symbol error 𝑃𝑒 in terms of Q function.
iv. Evaluate 𝑃𝑒 for the system parameters considered in this problem.

A2. In this problem, you will derive the probability of symbol error for QPSK system.
The alphabet for QPSK is {1 + 𝑗, −1 + 𝑗, −1 − 𝑗, 1 − 𝑗}.
i. Sketch the constellation assuming symbol energy is 𝐸𝑠
ii. Determine the decision regions for correct reception of each of the symbols.
iii. Assume that the in-phase and quadrature noise components are each Gaussian
r.v.s with zero-mean and variance 𝜎𝑛2 . The symbol1 + 𝑗is transmitted. What is
the probability of error for this symbol? You may have to assume joint
statistics of in-phase and quadrature noise components. What could be this
assumption? Write your answer in terms of Q functions.
iv. From (iii), what is the overall probability of symbol error?

A3.Consider the received signal sample 𝑟 = 𝑠 + 𝑛, where 𝑠 is a parameter taking on

values +1 and -1 with equal probability. Assuming 𝑛~ℕ(0, 𝜎), determine (i) LLR, (ii)
optimum threshold, and (iii) rule for detecting 𝑠 from 𝑟.

A4. Given 𝑟𝑘 = 𝑠𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝜙 + 𝑛𝑘 , 𝑘 = 1,2, … , 𝐾 determine the LLR ℓ(𝜙) and ML estimate

𝜙̂𝑀𝐿 using the proceduredescribed in class. What is the physical interpretation of your
result?