Expression Is Seem + Infinitive (To

1) Explanation
All of the answer choices contain the word as. From the idiomatic expressions tutorial we know that as and
as...as are both on the list of idiomatic expressions. This question requires an answer that is idiomatically correct.
As much as is the correct idiomatic expression because it gives us the sense of an equal comparison, making B
the best answer.
2) Explanation
If we return to our list of common idiomatic expressions from the tutorial, we can quickly eliminate the wrong
answers. Choice A is eliminated because it does not refer to anything, it would need to be they because the nouns
preceding it are plural. However, this change would still not make choice A grammatically correct. The correct
idiomatic expression is seem + infinitive (to). Without that, B is not grammatically correct. D is therefore the
correct answer
3) Explanation
The correct answer will provide us with subject-verb agreement. The subject
- costs, the verb - amount, the agreement is found by referring to the
expenses last year (in the past). The subject here is plural, we need to
find an answer choice where the verb is in the past tense for a plural
subject amounted.
Choices A, C, and D remain. We are able to eliminate C because lower is an adjective, and in D lower sum is
redundant. A is the correct answer, as it is concise, has subject-verb agreement, and does not complicate the
sentence
4) Explanation
This sentence is completed by the correct idiomatic expression. The correct idiomatic expression for this
example is choice E - as a child. Choice D's at the time of indicates a brief amount of time, certainly more brief
than childhood, and is unidiomatic. While being a child (B) seems to imply that John Doe has been acting like a
child, rather than referring to his actual childhood. Choices A and C are simply not idiomatically correct. The
correct answer, choice E, fits with as from our list of idiomatic expressions - as a child follows the same format
of as a scout
5) Explanation
In this example, is and call are in the present tense. This means that although the massacre happened in the past,
it is being judged in the present, hence the answer choices with the past tense constituted are eliminated. Now the
process of elimination comes down to the awkwardness of choices C and D, both are idiomatically incorrect, as
enough so would have worked better as enough to constitute. We are left with B as the best answer.
6) Explanation
This is an Idiomatic Expression problem. The correct Idiomatic expression is modeled after. B is the only correct
possibility.
7) Explanation
This is a Misplaced Modifier problem. What was "written long after its oral composition in the Dark Ages of
Greece"? Not Homer! Eliminate A, B and E. Beside being awkward, who is this "one" reader in D? From the
context of the sentence, it is clear that the author means the average modern reader, not one particular reader. So
D is incorrect which only leaves C which is the correct answer
8) Explanation
This is first a Subject-Verb Agreement problem. Rules are the subject here,
and so the verb must also be plural (prohibit). Eliminate A, B, and E for
prohibits. We have a series here, which tells us that this is also a
Parallel Construction problem. The words in the series must follow a
consistent pattern. D is the only answer choice that boasts a consistent
pattern (harassment, discrimination, and hazing) and therefore is the
correct answer.
9) Explanation
The correct answer A. This is an Idiomatic Expression problem. We use
native to for plants and animals, and natives of for people. Eliminate B, D
and E. Since we use the pronoun them later on in the sentence, we must use
wolverines in the plural. Eliminate B.
10) Explanation
This question involves parallel construction. In this series, the verbs not
underlined are going and reaching. Because of this, we can eliminate all
answer choices in which the verb cause does not follow the "-ing" pattern.
Causing, choice C, is the only option with the gerund or "-ing" form, thus
making it the correct answer.
11) Explanation
In the sentence correction tutorial about comparisons, we learned that when
more than two things are being compared, the superlative (most) is needed.
The fact that ALL weather phenomena are being taken into account (we can
assume this means more more than just two things), most is appropriate
rather than more. Choices A and C contain more and are eliminated. Choice B
is terribly awkward, as is E, which seems to go beyond the issue of all
weather phenomena. Choice D then, is the best answer.
12) Explanation
In this sentence, the first problem that arises is killed/badly injured. It
is not logical to be both killed AND badly injured, to be killed OR badly
injured is logical. Choices A and B are eliminated - killed and badly
injured. Have been (E) is in the present perfect tense, but the fire
occurred in the past (last spring). Of choices C and D, C is best because D
does not make it clear that the fire occurred last spring - Last spring
some of the cattle that were killed of badly injured in the fire OF 1990
had been.
13) Explanation
In this sentence at that time indicates an action in the past. All of the
answer choices are in the past, so this process of elimination will also be
about finding the most concise, grammatically correct answer. Choice E has
an element of redundancy by repeating villagers. Choice C ignores the other
parts of the artistic community, describing the villagers instead of the
larger community that they were a part of. Choices A and D are
unnecessarily wordy. Choice B, the correct answer, is the most concise
option.
14) Explanation
This example requires the correct subject-verb agreement. Choice B pairs each with were - singular subject with
the plural verb. Choice E also pairs the singular subject (in this case every one) with the plural verb were. Choice
D has the plural subject salads incorrectly paired up with the singular verb was. In choice C the subject salad
options agrees with were, however the placement of each of the salad options destroys the flow of the sentence -
each cannot be the plural salad options. Choice A is best - salad options/were, and proper sentence structure
15) Explanation
The first part of the problem in this sentence is number/numbers - what is number/numbers referring to? This is a
study of girls who studied engineering, in effect a specific group, or demographic. To describe a specific group
we use a singular number, so we will look for an answer with number ( A, B, and C are numbers). Of the two
choices left, E suffers from redundancy raised...increase. Choice D is the correct answer
16) Explanation
In this sentence, the comparison is between dinosaur bones in Alberta, and
dinosaur bones of South American predecessors. As old as is an equal
comparison - Martha is as tall as Mary. We are not looking for an equal
comparison because the bones found in Alberta are not the same age as those
found in South America, thus choices C, D, and E are eliminated. Older than
correctly compares the older Albertan dinosaur bones with the younger South
American dinosaur bones. Supposedly is an adverb and cannot modify a noun
(predecessors' bones). Supposed is an adjective, making choice A the
correct answer.
17) Explanation
In this example that is unnecessary, the pronoun one adequately refers to a microscopic plant parasite. Because
the sentence refers to something that existed a long time ago, but has only been documented of late, to be is more
appropriate than is. Is is in the present tense, and it is best to find an answer choice that encompasses both the
past and present - the infinitive to be does this better. After eliminating that and is, we are left with choice E. This
question has an assumption,(they assume), in effect it is not a fact. If we follow this reasoning through, to be a
type is stating fact, whereas to be of a type is not quite as emphatic, it is an assumption
18) Explanation
In this example, we are looking for subject-verb agreement. The first part of the sentence indicates that we are
looking for something that happened in the past, hence the reference even fifteen years later. Some men and
women is a plural subject, choices B and C have a singular subject and can therefore be eliminated. Choice A is
in the present tense, and we are looking for an action that occurred in the past. Choice E is incorrect because it
uses as instead of when, which would indicate a comparison that is not being made between some men and
women. D is the best answer, using the past tense with a plural subject
19) Explanation
This question is looking for parallel construction. We know this because it is a series of things separated by
commas. We can eliminate choices A, B, and C immediately, because the other elements in this series do not
contain to. We can then eliminate D because to sound is not in agreement with monitoring/receiving - sounding
is, which makes E the correct answer
20) Explanation
In this sentence, there is a link between a boom, flexible regulations, and
companies looking for new areas in which to drill. One question that could
be drawn from this link is how flexible have the regulations been? Such
does not answer this, it is a type or kind, and does not indicate the
degree of flexibility in the regulations. How flexible have regulations
been? So flexible (have regulations been). The element that distinguishes
choice B as the right answer is that choice A has an extra so which changes
the meaning of the phrase.
21) Explanation
C is the correct answer. You have to avoid the Pronoun which in the last
part of the sentence, because it seems to be referring to 1995. In the
context of the sentence that makes no sense, since it should refer to the
80 billion dollars (remember, a which that follows a comma refers to the
thing immediately before the comma). Using an amount is much clearer, and
therefore we can eliminate D and E, since they use the inappropriate which.
We can eliminate A because it is not idiomatic to say 30% more, but rather 30% higher. B can also be discarded
because it uses the previous year's, without telling us exactly what belongs to the previous year
22) Explanation
E is the correct answer. This is a Comparison question, and we know this
because the sentence begins with Unlike. The thing or person immediately
following Unlike is what we are going to compare, in this case most income
taxes. The part of the sentence that begins with which is just extra
information, so the last clause (part)of the sentence is the important
part. We have to choose the answer choice that begins with something that
can be compared with most income taxes. Unlike most income taxes...sales
taxes, is the only possible comparison in the answer choice, and therefore
E is correct.
23) Explanation
D is the correct answer. If we look at the changes among the answer
choices, we see that there is a difference between was and were, and its
and their. Therefore this is both a Subject-Verb and a Pronoun problem.
First, we must determine if the subject is either singular or plural. Since
the subject of the sentence is ways, the verb must take the plural form.
Therefore we can eliminate A,B, and C for having the singular was or has.
Since the pronoun at the end of the sentence clearly refers to nation-
states, we must eliminate the singular its in E, and accept D as our
correct answer.
24) Explanation
A is the correct answer. Part of the problem here is the Pronoun. We have a
choice between their and its. Since the singular noun is Colombia, we can
then eliminate C and D for the incorrect pronoun their. B has as...as,
which is an inappropriate equal comparison. E gives us as...than, which is
also incorrect. More ...than is the proper form of the comparison, which is
only found in the correct answer, A.
25) Explanation
This is an Idiomatic Expression Problem. The correct Idiomatic Expression
is considered X Y. No as, to be, or like. The correct answer is D.
26) Explanation
This is a Comparison problem. We are comparing the treachery of Benedict Arnold with the treachery of Earl
Tostig. Eliminate A, B and C for attempting to compare Arnold's treachery with Tostig himself. As well, the use
of the past present ("had been" and "had not been") in C and E is unnecessary. D is the right answer because it
correctly compare the treachery of Arnold to that (the treachery) of Tostig
27) Explanation
The correct answer choice is B. This is first a Misplaced Modifier problem.
Who were the administrators, engineers, and soldiers? The Romans, not Rome
or the Roman state. Eliminate A, C, and D. Then we are given a choice
between the possessive adjectives its and their. Since Romans are plural,
the correct choice is B with their.
28) Explanation
29) Explanation
This is a Comparison problem. We know it is because of the word like and
as. Since we are comparing someone/something with Fernand Braudel, it will
be most likely a person (i.e. Arnold Toynbee), and so we will use the word
like rather than as. The did in A is superfluous, so the correct answer is
B
30) Explanation
This is a Comparison problem. In the original sense of the sentence, Howe
was as committed to X... as he was to Y...Eliminate C, D, and E. The
preservation is more parallel with the study than is preserving with the
study. The correct answer is A.
31) Explanation
This is an Idiomatic Expression problem. The correct Idiomatic expression is modeled after. B is the only correct
possibility.
32) Explanation
This is primarily a Parallel Construction problem. Whatever follows not only must be parallel with what follows
but also. A and C are the only parallel answer choices, since they have not only with... but also with... In order to
address in A is idiomatic, but C's in order of addressing is not idiomatic. A is the correct answer.
33) Explanation
This is a Misplaced Modifier problem. What was "written long after its oral composition in the Dark Ages of
Greece"? Not Homer! Eliminate A, B and E. Beside being awkward, who is this "one" reader in D? From the
context of the sentence, it is clear that the author means the average modern reader, not one particular reader. So
D is incorrect which only leaves C which is the correct answer.
34) Explanation
This is first a Subject-Verb Agreement problem. Rules are the subject here, and so the verb must also be plural
(prohibit). Eliminate A, B, and E for prohibits. We have a series here, which tells us that this is also a Parallel
Construction problem. The words in the series must follow a consistent pattern. D is the only answer choice that
boasts a consistent pattern (harassment, discrimination, and hazing) and therefore is the correct answer.
35) Explanation
The correct answer A. This is an Idiomatic Expression problem. We use
native to for plants and animals, and natives of for people. Eliminate B, D
and E. Since we use the pronoun them later on in the sentence, we must use
wolverines in the plural. Eliminate B.
36) Explanation
C is the correct answer. We have Subject-Verb agreement problems here. A,
B, D, and E all have the singular forms each or every with the plural form
of the verb were later in the sentence. C avoids this problem altogether by
not using each or every.
37) Explanation
38) Explanation
B is the correct answer. If we examine the changes in the answer choices,
we see to accept and accepting, and turn, turning, and to turn. This is
therefore a Parallel Construction problem. Examine the part of the sentence
that is not underlined The first verb in the series is collecting, so the
others must follow the same form. B is the correct answer, because it has
collecting, accepting, and turning. All the other answer choices are not
parallel.
39) Explanation
D is the correct answer. From the Like and the As we know immediately that this is a Comparison problem. We
are comparing two people, so Like is better than As. Eliminate A,B, and C. As well, the also in E is redundant:
the Like has already established the similarity between the two authors.
40) Explanation
E is the correct answer. This is a Parallel Construction problem. We know that by seeing how the form of the
verb changes among the answer choices: bring, bringing, be bringing, etc. A has be bringing and lower, which is
not parallel. B gives us bring and lowering, which is also not parallel. C has bring.... by lowering, which avoids
the parallel structure problem, but changes the meaning needlessly. D has the awkward be bringing and be
lowering,/em>. The correct answer, E, gives us the parallel bring and lower.
41) Explanation
D is the correct answer. If we look at the changes among the answer choices, we see that there is a difference
between was and were, and its and their. Therefore this is both a Subject-Verb and a Pronoun problem. First, we
must determine if the subject is either singular or plural. Since the subject of the sentence is ways, the verb must
take the plural form. Therefore we can eliminate A,B, and C for having the singular was or has. Since the
pronoun at the end of the sentence clearly refers to nation-states, we must eliminate the singular its in E, and
accept D as our correct answer.
42) Explanation
A is the correct answer. This is a Comparison question, and therefore what
follows Like or As must be compared with the next noun in the sentence, in
this case Thomas Jefferson,/em>. B is incorrect because it uses the
unidiomatic many another. As is not idiomatic in comparisons of persons,
and therefore we can eliminate C, D, and E. A correctly uses Like, which
clearly establishes the similarity among the people compared.
43) Explanation
B is the correct answer. This is a Subject-Verb Agreement problem - we know this because the verb changes
among the five answer choices. The subject is the one of every three, and we know that one person is singular.
Therefore, the verb also has to be singular. A with the plural live is therefore incorrect. C uses should live, which
is a moral imperative, not a fact, and therefore changes the meaning unnecessarily. D employs might live, raising
a doubt that again changes the meaning needlessly. And E is incorrect because it uses the past perfect form had
lived, which needlessly places the sentence in the past.
44) Explanation
C is the correct answer. This is a Comparison question. Since we will be comparing Winston Churchill, a person,
in the first part of the sentence we also need a person. Like is better than As when we compare people, and
therefore we can eliminate A, B, D, and E. The only possible correct answer is C, with compares the two people
appropriately: Not unlike King Pyrrhus.....Winston Churchill
45) Explanation
D is the correct answer. This is both a Subject-Verb Agreement and a
Pronoun problem. First, we know that it is a Subject-Verb problem because
the verb changes from plural to singular in the answer choices (have
decreased and have decreased). The subject of the sentence is number, which
is singular, so we can eliminate A and B. The other major change is his or
their, and since ,em>people is plural, we can discard his, and therefore
answer choice C as well
46) Explanation
B is the correct answer. This is primarily a Pronoun problem. Look at the
changes in the answer choices: they, themselves, and it. Is the subject
singular or plural? Army is what we are discussing, and since that word is
singular, we can eliminate all the answer choices that have they or
themselves - A, C, D, and E. B, which uses the singular it, is the correct
choice.
47) Explanation
E is the correct answer. Let us examine the changes among the answer
choices. The most striking change has to be is or are. We know that there
is a Subject-Verb problem here. Since the subject transformation is
singular, we can automatically eliminate B and D, which bear the
inappropriate are. This is also a Pronoun problem since we also have they
or it in the last clause of the sentence. Since in this part of the
sentence we are clearly discussing labor and management, the it in C is
inappropriate, and we can eliminate that answer choice. E is better than A
because the present continuous tense in A (they are acting) is unnecessary
and both of these groups is less ambiguous than the they in A.
48) Explanation
The correct answer is B. This is a variant of a Comparison problem, in that
we are comparing what both these groups of people earn. A changes the
meaning with the verb own. C suggests that high school graduates earn
university graduates. D suggests that they earn the earnings of university
graduates, and also has the ungrammatical university graduate's earnings. E
also suggests that high school graduates are earning university graduates,
and also uses the incorrect amount of university graduates rather than
number of university graduates.
49) Explanation
The correct answer is A. The correct idiomatic expression is widely
anticipated. We can eliminate B an C for the unidiomatic there was wide
anticipation. D should be eliminated for As at the beginning of the
sentence, since there is no comparison being made here. E should be
discarded for the awkward there being.
50) Explanation
The correct answer is A. The correct idiomatic expression is widely
anticipated. We can eliminate B an C for the unidiomatic there was wide
anticipation. D should be eliminated for As at the beginning of the
sentence, since there is no comparison being made here. E should be
discarded for the awkward there being.
51) Explanation
The correct answer is B. The correct idiomatic expression is contrary to
popular belief. All the other answers choices are unidiomatic.
52) Explanation
The correct answer is C. For the GMAT, the idiomatic expression should be
either expected X to be Y or expected that X would be Y. Hence, C is the
best answer because it follows the expected X to be Y pattern.
53) Explanation
The correct answer is A. We use credit to when we give credit to someone or something for doing something, but
in that case the word credit is not a noun but a verb, which is not the situation here. When credit is used as a verb,
as it is in this sentence, the correct idiom is credit with having done something. Therefore A is best
54) Explanation
This is a classic continue-the-idea type question. Very simply, look for descriptive words (adjectives or adverbs)
in the text that could give us a clue about how to continue the idea. The text tells us that these organizations are
moving from "vertical hierarchies" to ones that are "egalitarian" "horizontal" "flexible". So we want to find the
same in the answer choices. A talks about being "more democratic and open". A is your answer.
55) Explanation
This is a subjunctive problem. GMAT loves this type of question. The intial
verb is one of command (require) do we have to use a that and put the
second verb in the subjunctive mood - the simple form (be, do have, go,
etc.). So, we can eliminate B and D for no that and no "pay". We can also
eliminate C for the use of their referring to the word company. And E has a
very awkward structure: whose actions? The correct answer is A.
56) Explanation
The correct answer is C. This is a comparison problem. The sentence begins
with "Unlike Corinth...." so after the clause that begins with which, we
have to say what was unlike Corinth. C tells us "ancient Sparta", which is
comparable to Corinth. All the other answer choices fail to do this.
57) Explanation
A strange type of question. According to ETS (and we are playing their
game) if you use one you do not need to follow it with that. And the idiom
is "believe A to be B". So the correct answer is E.
58) Explanation
The correct answer is D. The correct idiom is mistake X for Y. Thus, we can eliminate A and B for the incorrect
mistake X as Y. E uses the incorrect mistake X to be Y, and therefore should also be discarded. As well, both B
and E say his own, which incorrectly suggests the ship belonged to the French officer. Additionally, both C and E
inappropriately use leaving rather than and let, making the rest of the sentence ungrammatical
59) Explanation
The correct answer is C. The appropriate idiomatic expression is contrast X
with Y. Therefore, we can eliminate A, B and E for not following the form
contrasted...with. Moreover, in the latter part of the phrase, see as is
more idiomatic than see to be. Thus, we can eliminate D, and C is our
answer.
60) Explanation
The correct answer is E. Consider is usually synonymous with regard as, as
it is in this particular case. The word consider does not need as, like, to
be, or anything else between it and the object being described. Therefore,
we can eliminate A, C, and D. As being in B is unidiomatic. Additionally,
the word people is plural in English and thus we can eliminate C for the
use of the singular pronoun its.
61) Explanation
The correct answer is B. When discussing different possibilities, it's much
better for the GMAT to use whether and not if. We can eliminate A for if.
As well, between whether and whether or not, we should choose the somewhat
less redundant whether. So eliminate D. The GMAT test also prefers can or
able to to the less idiomatic capability for. Thus, eliminate E. We can
eliminate C because it uses depends on the ability to restore. Whose
ability?
This problem is also a Parallel Construction problem. B, the correct
answer, has the parallel form restore...move. A has the unnecessary can
restore...can move. C has ability to restore..moving. The be able in D,
while more parallel, seems redundant. And E has capability for...move.
62) Explanation
The correct answer is A. According to the explanations of ETS problems that
are similar to this one, on account of is idiomatic in a sentence such as
this one, and therefore D and E are incorrect. B and C both have the
awkward being, and B also bears the unidiomatic because of. A is clear and
idiomatic.
63) Explanation
The correct answer is A. A uses the correct form of the idiomatic
expression so X that Y, establishing a cause/effect relationship between X
and Y. None of the other answer choices follows this correct form, and as
well they are very awkward.
64) Explanation
The correct answer is D, which uses the form to be in danger of + a gerund
(doing, being, etc.). All the other sentences use unidiomatic forms.
Additionally, B uses an ambiguous and inappropriate they. E is also
incorrect because it uses a present tense, and the date 1998 clearly puts
this sentence in the past tense.
65) Explanation
The correct answer is C. In the first part of the sentence we have regard,
and therefore we need the idiomatic structure regard..as. This would
eliminate A, B, and E. We can eliminate the ambiguous they in A and E: who
are they? As well, we can eliminate A and D for using if and not whether,
which is more appropriate when discussing different possibilities.
66) Explanation
The correct answer is A. The appropriate idiomatic expression is aim at +
gerund (increasing, improving, doing, etc.). Therefore we can eliminate C,
D, and E for using unidiomatic forms. As well, we have a Parallel
Construction problem with the two verbs increasing and improving. B has
increasing... to improve. C gives us the increase... to improve. D has
increasing...with the improvement, and in E we have to increase...
improving. Only A has the grammatical increasing... improving.
67) Explanation
This is a Parallel construction problem. "...Latin American countries have
found it difficult to maintain....". The following verbs in the series must
follow this pattern, with either the simple form of the verb (maintain), or
the infinitive (to maintain) for all of them. E is the only answer choice
that boasts a consistent pattern, and therefore is the correct answer.
68) Explanation
This is an Idiomatic Expression problem. The correct expression is mistake
X for Y. Eliminate A, C and E. It is also a Pronoun problem - them or it.
Since it is the singular set we are are talking about, the correct choice
is it, and the correct answer is B.
69) The correct response to Question 1 is (B). In the original version (A),
the word "upon" confuses the meaning of the sentence, by suggesting
nonsensically that comets grow large in appearance immediately- as soon as
they appear as a tiny speck.
(B) is concise and clears up the confusion created by "upon" in the

original version.
(C) is nonsensical.
(D) is no better than the original version. The word "when," like "upon,"
confuses the meaning of the sentence.
(E) is nonsensical
70)
The correct response to Question 2 is (A). The original version (A) is
grammatically correct and is the best version.
(B) is wordy and awkward.
(C) alters the meaning of the original version by suggesting not using
waterfront land at all.
(D) is nonsensical.
(E) contains "utilizations," which is not a word.
71) The correct response to Question 3 is (E). The original version (A) is
redundant in its use of "job" twice; the first occurrence is unnecessary.
Also, "at times" is idiomatically improper here. (Two proper idioms here
would be sometimes and occasionally.)
(E) corrects both problems by omitting "job" from the beginning of the
sentence and by replacing "at times" with "sometimes."
Both (B) and (C) fail to correct the redundancy, and they are awkwardly
constructed.
In (D), the phrase "In some cases some" is awkward. Moreover, this phrase
alters the meaning of the original version by going too far in limiting the
situations in which a demonstration is requested.
72) The correct response to Question 4 is (D). The original sentence (A)
misplaces the phrase "Even for high school freshmen and sophomores."
Because this phrase is intended to modify "many students," the author
should reconstruct the sentence so that the two phrases appear nearer to
each other.
(B) is constructed in a way that confuses the sentence's meaning, as well

as nonsensically equating "high school students" with "theories."
(C) inserts the modifying phrase "for many high school freshmen and
sophomores" between two closely related ideas. The author should connect
those ideas syntactically by moving the modifying phrase to either the
beginning or the end of the sentence.
(D) moves the initial phrase to the end of the sentence, clarifying the
sentence's meaning.
(E) employs improper diction. It is awkward to speak of a person's interest

as "held in" a particular subject.
73) The correct response to Question 5 is (E). The original sentence (A) is
faulty in two respects. First, the sentence treats the compound subject
("interest rates" and "the supply of money") as singular by using "either†
or"; the predicate should agree by also referring to the subject in the
singular form, using "a factor" rather than "factors." Second, the verb
phrase "can† be" is improperly split. Third, the phrase "can† be factors
contributing to" is redundant and wordy.
(B) is faulty in two respects. (B) improperly separates the components of

the progressive verb "can be." Also, the phrase "one or the other"
duplicates the earlier phrase "either† or," resulting in redundancy and
unnecessary wordiness.
(C) improperly splits the progressive verb "can contribute," and also
separates that verb from its modifying prepositional phrase "to the amount†
"
(D) improperly separates the preposition "to" and its object "the amount
of†," thereby confusing the meaning of the sentence (the improper
construction suggests that interest rates and the supply of money
contribute to the level of government spending).
(E) remedies all the original sentence problems by uniting the verb parts,
rewording the predicate to agree in form with the subject, and removing the
redundant language.
74) The correct response to Question 6 is (B). The original version (A) is
faulty because the plural subject "benefits" is followed by the singular
verb "is."
(B) remedies the original sentence's problem by using the plural "are,"
which agrees with "benefits."
(C) improperly uses the word "furthering," suggesting that exercise is a

benefit or goal that is being furthered.
(D) improperly uses the subjunctive verb form ("would be") instead of the
more appropriate present tense ("are").
(E) improperly uses the subjunctive verb form ("would be") instead of the
more appropriate present tense ("are").
75) The correct response to Question 7 is (C). The original sentence (A)
contains a misplaced modifying phrase (following the comma). The sentence's
construction suggests that it is the electorate that cannot reasonably be
disputed, although this makes little sense in the context of the sentence
as a whole.
(B) suffers from a confusing syntax. It appears from the sentence's
construction that the elected officials - rather than the fact that they
ignored their electorate's wishes - cannot be disputed. (B) also misplaces
the prepositional phrase "on this issue" between the gerund "ignoring" and
the object of that gerund, "the wishes of the electorate."
(C) remedies the underlined phrase's faulty construction by rephrasing it

as a noun clause.
(D) improperly uses a comma between two clauses that do not constitute
independent sentences on their own. (D) also sets up a parallel between
"were ignored†" and "cannot reasonably." Both phrases seem to refer to "the
wishes of the electorate," although this is probably not the intended
meaning.
(E) is the second-best response; it corrects the misplaced-modifier problem
in the original version. In two respects, however, (E) is not as effective
a sentence as (C). First, in (E) it is less clear that the modifying phrase
"on this issue" refers to the wishes of the electorate. Second, (E) employs
the passive voice ("wishes...were ignored by...officials") rather than the
preferred active voice ("officials ignored the wishes...").
76) The correct response to Question 8 is (D). The original sentence (A)
suffers from faulty parallelism. The second occurrence of "from" should be
deleted to restore the proper parallelism between the phrases "the host"
and "the diplomat's." At the same time, the word "both" is redundant in
light of the words "the other" at the end of the sentence, thereby
confusing the meaning of the sentence.
(B) remedies the original sentence's problems but presents a usage problem.
The phrase "each other" should refer to only two persons or things. Because
the potential number of "citizens" (guests) might exceed two, "one another"
should be used instead.
(C) suggests a nonsensical meaning - that the country itself (rather than a
person) seats its citizens. The construction also creates ambiguity as to
what the rules require.
(D) remedies the original sentence's faulty parallelism by reconstructing

the phrase, using the subjunctive form ("that† be").
(E) is faulty in two respects. It includes the word "to" twice; the second
occurrence is redundant and should be omitted. Also, the use of double
possessive adjectives ("diplomat's" and "country's") is improper.
77) The correct response to Question 9 is (A). The original version (A) is
the best one.
(B) is nonsensical; "lower" appears to refer to energy products rather than

to demand.
In (C), the phrase "in view of" in inappropriate to express the meaning of
the original version. Also, the idiom "decline in" is preferred over
"decline of."
(D) includes the awkward phrase "being that." Also, prices are not said to
"lessen in amount," but rather "decline" or "lower."
In (E), the phrase "considering the fact that" is wordy, and it distorts
the meaning of the original version, unfairly suggesting that the lessening
demand for alternative energy products is surprising.
78)
The correct response to Question 10 is (C). The original sentence (A) is
faulty in two respects. First, it improperly uses "because" instead of
"because of." Second, the construction leaves it unclear as to whether the
modifying phrase "already in wide use" refers to "other pesticides" or to
"chemical compositions."
(B) misuses the phrase "because of." The author should follow this
prepositional phrase with a modifying clause by inserting a comma followed
by "which" after "in wide use" ("in wide use, which† ").
(C) corrects the misuse of "because" by replacing it with "due to."
(D) is redundant in its use of both "since" and "due to." This redundancy
results, in turn, in an awkward construction.
(E) misplaces the adverbial clause "already in use," which is intended to

refer not to "chemical compositions" but rather to "other pesticides."
79) Correct Answer: C

Solution:
The correct phrase is 'accompanied by'. This eliminates options 1 and 2.
Option 4 is wrongly structured; it is the president who is accompanied, not
the secretary. Between options 3 and 4, the only difference is the
placement of the modifier 'only' which is used for the secretary and not
for the word 'accompanied'. Hence option 3 is correct.
80) Your Answer:

Correct Answer: D
Solution:
The modifier 'needing a variety of disguises,' qualifies for the pronoun
'he'. As a general rule, the modifier must be placed as near to the noun or
pronoun it qualifies, as possible. Hence options 2, 3 and 5 are eliminated.
Moreover, in options 2 and 3, the relative pronoun 'who' is used at a wrong
place, and in options 1 and 5, 'founded' is used in place of 'found'.
Option 4 is both, grammatically and structurally correct.
81)
Correct Answer: A
Solution:
The 'first Principle' of sentence correction questions is, 'never make an
unnecessary correction. There is nothing wrong with the original sentence.
The modifier is correctly used and the part also follows 'subject-verb
agreement'.
82) Correct Answer: D

Solution:
The problem here is with the modifier. The use of 'only' makes it somewhat
awkward. Moreover, use of a noun (completeness) in place of an adverb
(completely) makes it wrong. Option 2 uses preposition 'on' where it is not
required. Option 3 changes the meaning of the sentence, and is hence
eliminated. Option 5 misses a preposition and unnecessarily adds article
'the', which makes it wrong. The only option that is correct is 4.

Solution:
A question on parallelism. Two 'actions' are being described in the part of
the sentence, and both the 'actions' must be in the same form. Only option
3 takes care of it. (The two actions that need to be in the same form are
'balancing' and 'gripping'). Option 5 unnecessarily uses 'having' twice.
Option 4 is not structured properly and uses 'another' instead of 'other'.
Option 3 is correct in every sense.
84)
Correct Answer: D
Solution:
Option 1 is incorrect as it uses the adjective AFTER the noun it qualifies.
Options 2 and 3 are eliminated as they use an adverb instead of an
adjective. Option 5 unnecessarily uses 'though' and 'also' that makes it
awkward. Hence the correct option is 4.
85) Correct Answer: A

Solution:
unnecessary correction'. There is nothing wrong with the original sentence.
None of other options is properly structured. Hence option 1 is correct.
86) Correct Answer: B

Solution:
The only problem with the original sentence is its structure. 'cells of
Russian' should be replaced with 'Russian cells'. Moreover, the use of the
modifier 'only' at the appropriate place can make the sentence correct.
Option 3 changes the meaning of the sentence, and hence it is eliminated.
Option 4 misses a preposition and unnecessarily uses reflexive pronoun
'themselves'. The last option is not structured properly. Hence option 2 is
correct.
87) Correct Answer: E

Solution:
A question on parallelism. As the sentence has several 'actions', all the
'actions' must be in the same form. Only option 5 takes care of it. None of
other four options follows the rule of parallelism

Solution:
Yet another question on parallelism. As the sentence has several 'actions',
all the 'actions' must be in the same form. Only option 2 uses the correct
forms of the 'actions' (started and began). None of the other options
maintains parallelism.

Solution:
The original sentence uses preposition 'at' instead of 'in', and is not
structured properly. Hence option 1 is eliminated. All other options,
except option 2, are improperly structured and make no sense.
90) Correct Answer: E

Solution:
A sentence that tests the knowledge of 'prepositions' and 'parallelism'.
Whenever there are more than one subjects or objects in a sentence, they
should always maintain parallelism. In this case, 'starving-children',
'desertification' and 'famine', must all be in the same form. Only option 5
uses them appropriately. All the other options are poorly structured.
91) Correct Answer: D

Solution:
The determiner (pronoun) to be used here must be 'one's', and not 'his'.
This eliminates options 1 and 3. Option 2 is incorrect as it uses a noun
(comprehension) in place of a verb (comprehend) and an adjective (quicker)
in place of an adverb (quickly). Option 5 breaks the rule of parallelism.
Hence the only correct option is 4.

Solution:
'entrust with' is the correct phrase. Options 1 and 4 are thus eliminated.
The phrase 'entrust with' is always followed by a purpose. The purpose in
this case is 'upliftment' and not 'schemes' or 'programs'. This eliminates
option 3. Option 5 changes the meaning of the sentence. Hence it is also
eliminated. The only correct option is 2.

Solution:
First of all, the use of relative pronoun must be checked. Mr. Wilson is
the subject here, so the relative pronoun to be used here must be 'who'.
Option 2 is thus eliminated. Now comes the structure of the sentence. The
original sentence, and options 2 and 5 are inappropriately structured.
Option 4 uses present tense instead of past tense. Option 3 is properly
structured and leaves no ambiguity. Hence it is the correct option.

Solution:
Option 2 is not structured properly. Option 3 uses 'them' which is not
necessary. Options 4 and 5 change the meaning of the original sentence.
Hence these options are eliminated.

Solution:
Option 2 doesn't go with 'subject-verb agreement'. Option 3 unnecessarily
uses the superlative form, that too without definite article. Option 4 is
not structured properly and option 5 changes the meaning of the original
sentence.

Solution:
The first flaw in the given sentence is violation of the rule of 'subject-
verb agreement'. The word 'research' is singular, and hence 'does' must be
used with the verb. Option 2 takes the sentence in the past tense and is
hence eliminated. Option 4 also violates the rule of 'subject-verb
agreement'. And option 5 is improperly structured. Option 3 makes the
sentence meaningful.

Solution:
Options 2 and 5 change the meaning of the original sentence. Option 3 uses
an adverb instead of an adjective. And option 4 is not properly structured.

Solution:
The sentence tests the knowledge of Tenses. How can 'future archaeologists'
'discovered' something? Options 2, 4 and 5 are inappropriately structured.
Hence option 3 is correct
99) Correct Answer: (D)

Solution: Choice (A) is incorrect because the plural verb "have" does not
agree with its singular subject "the rising cost."
Both (B) and (C) are incorrect because they turn the sentence into a
fragment.
Choice (E) is incorrect because "rising cost" is still singular.
Choice (D) is the correct answer since now the plural verb "have" agrees
with its plural subject "the rising costs."

Solution: Choice (A) is incorrect because the phrase "using the Hubble
telescope" does not have a noun to modify.
Choice (B) is incorrect because the phrase "using the Hubble telescope"
still does not have a noun to modify.
Choice (C) offers a noun, "astronomers," but it is too far from the phrase
"using the Hubble telescope."
In choice (E), the phrase "with the aid of the Hubble telescope" does not
have a noun to modify.
Choice (D) offers a noun, "astronomers," and places it immediately after
the modifying phrase "using the Hubble telescope." The answer is (D).

Solution: Choice (A) is incorrect since "eating properly" (verb-adverb) is
not parallel to "sensible exercise" (adjective-noun).
Choice (B) offers two parallel nouns, "exercise" and "diet." However, a
general truth should be expressed in the present tense, not in the past
tense.
Choice (C) is not parallel since it pairs the noun "exercise" with the
gerund (a verb acting as a noun) "dieting."
Choice (E) makes the same mistake as choice (A).
Choice (D) offers two parallel nouns--"exercise" and "diet"--and two
parallel verbs--"tells" and "results." The answer is (D).
102)
The corrected sentence must conclude with a verb phrase that is parallel with the two
preceding verb phrases, helping to educate freedmen and supporting children; in other
words, the final phrase should begin with another present participle, or "-ing" verb form.
The fourth answer choice is the best answer. It supplies a participial verb phrase that
completes the parallel construction.
103) The first answer choice presents a dangling modifier. The phrase beginning the
sentence can fit nowhere in the sentence and make logical sense. Coming first, it
modifies employees, the nearest free noun in the main clause; i.e., the first answer
choice says that the employees were added to the increase in hourly wages. The second
answer choice also begins with a dangling modifier; moreover, the simple past tense
requested is needed to place an action before the present action are . . .seeking. In the
third answer choice, were does not agree in number with the subject of the clause,
increase, and it is not clear whether added to the increase is supposed to modify program
or benefits. The fourth answer choice also lacks agreement (increase...were). The last
answer choice is best.
104)
The best answer will start with because. The initial phrase in the first answer choice is
wordy, the second answer choice is unidiomatic, and the third answer choice does not
precisely establish causal relationship. Also, amount is incorrect; number refers to a
group of countable members, whereas amount is for undifferentiated masses such as sand or
water. There is no subject-verb agreement in the first answer choice (amount ...affect),
the third answer choice (amount...effect), or the last answer choice (numbers ...effects);
moreover, the proper verb here is affects, not effects. In the last answer choice,
numbers and areas should be singular, not only to agree with the verb but also to refer
precisely to the sum total of low-income people in each region where the census is
conducted. The fourth answer choice is the best answer.
105) Answer 4
In the first answer choice, the best answer, older is placed so that it modifies both
languages and writing systems. The second answer choice in incorrect because the wording
suggests that Arabic replaced all writing systems, not just older ones. The present tense
becomes in the third answer choice is inconsistent with replaced. Also, and implies that
two separate events are being discussed: that Arabic became the dominant language and then
that it replaced older languages. The fourth answer choice combines the erroneous wording
of the second answer choice, the tense problem of the third answer choice, and the
imprecise use of and. The last answer choice includes wording and tense mistakes, and,
contrary to the sense of the sentence, having replaced states that Arabic replaced older
languages before the Arab conquest of Egypt
106) Explanation:
D is the best answer.
This choice is best. The phrasing a divorce that occurred when they were children
correctly uses the relative clause that occurred to modify a divorce and includes a
pronoun and verb (they were) that refer unambiguously to their antecedent, men and women.
This choice (A) incorrectly introduces the when...phrase with occurring, thus illogically
making divorce the grammatical referent of when a child; furthermore, the singular child
does not agree with the plural men and women. B replaces child with children but otherwise
fails to correct the errors of structure and logic in the first choice. C corrects only
the error created by occurring. E includes an incorrect verb tense (has occurred) and
wrongly replaces when with as. Also, each was does not properly refer to men and women.
107) Explanation:
C is the best answer. In this choice, the best answer, an area about the size of
Colorado clearly describes a rough equivalence between the area of Colorado and the area
overseen by the companies. In A and B, the plural verb have does not agree with the
singular subject number. A is also wordy, since that is can be deleted without loss of
clarity. The absence of an area in B and E impairs clarity: the phrase beginning with
about must modify a noun such as area that is logically equivalent to the number of acres
given. In D and E, up to is unidiomatic; the correct expression is from x to y. In D, the
size of Colorado’s is unidiomatic, since of Colorado forms a complete possessive
108) Explanation:
B is the best answer.
Only this choice, the best answer, preserves the sense of the original, uses the correct
idiom, and observes the parallelism required among and within the three main verb phrases.
Because the verb phrases used to describe the bats’ duties are governed by the phrase
different duties such as, they should each be expressed in the present participial (or “-
ing”) form to parallel defending and scouting. A, C, D, E violate parallelism by
employing infinitives (to...) in place of participial phrases. In E, the singular sentinel
is not consistent with residents, and the omission of and distorts the meaning of the
original.
109) Explanation:
For parallelism, the linking verb is should link two infinitives: the only way to
salvage…is to process. E, the best choice, has parallel infinitives and uses fruit to
refer unambiguously to citrus. This choice also expresses the cause-and-effect
relationship between the return of warmer weather and the rotting of the fruit. A begins
with an infinitive, but the plural pronouns them and they do not agree with the singular
noun citrus. B, C, D do not begin with an infinitive, and all present pronoun errors: the
plural pronouns cannot grammatically refer to citrus or fruit, nor can they refer to
farmers without absurdity. A, C, D merely describe the cause-and effect relationship
between the return of warmer weather and the rotting of the fruit as contemporaneous
110) Explanation:
The expression as old as indicates equality of age, but the sentence indicates that the
Brittany monuments predate the Mediterranean monuments by 2,000 years.
B, the best answer, older than makes this point of comparison clear. This choice also
correctly uses the adjective supposed, rather than the adverb supposedly used in the
fourth and fifth choices, to modify the noun phrase Mediterranean predecessors. A, C, E do
not state the comparison logically. The adverb supposedly is incorrectly used in these
choices, to modify the noun phrase Mediterranean predecessors.
111) Explanation:
E, which says attempt to metabolize, is best. The phrase the chemical irritant is also the
most concise and precise conclusion for the sentence because it clearly refers to the
dioxin mentioned earlier. Although an “-ing” verb such as trying can sometimes be used
as a noun, the phrase the organism’s trying to metabolize in this choice is unidiomatic
because trying is used as the object of organism’s. In B, trying that it metabolize is
ungrammatical. The noun attempt could follow organism’s; also, it would parallel the noun
enzymes, and parallelism is needed here because the sentence uses the linking verb are to
equate enzymes and attempt. In C and D, however, attempt to try is redundant
112) Explanation:
C is the best answer. The phrase the more the children should be completed by a parallel
phrase that begins with a comparative adjective and a noun phrase, as in the greater
their…advantage. Only this choice correctly completes the structure with a parallel
phrase. A, B, D and E present structures that are unwieldy and awkward in addition to
being nonparallel, and that state the relationship between language use and skills
development less clearly than the correct choice does. Also, in B and D, underlaying and
underlay are incorrect; the meaning of this sentence requires the present participle of
“underlie,” underlying, as a modifier of skills.
113) Explanation:
D, the best answer, correctly parallels the amount…used by with that used by, in which
that is the pronoun substitute for amount. Moreover, this answer solves the agreement
problem of the first and second choices by omitting the to be verb used with visible and
placing visible before equipment; the phrase visible equipment is also parallel with
unobtrusive equipment. A and B incorrectly use the plural verb are with the singular noun
equipment. In B, C and E, when used by does not parallel amount...used by and
nonsensically suggests that the people are used by the equipment.
114) Explanation:
E is the best answer. The pronoun that in A and B should be deleted, since the pronoun one
is sufficient to introduce the modifier and the sentence is more fluid without that. In B
and C, it and that it are intrusive and ungrammatical: the idiom is “believe x to be y.”
in the context of this sentence, the infinitive to be is more appropriate than the limited
present-tense is in referring to an event that occurred long ago but has been discovered
only recently. Finally, A, B, and D lack of and so illogically equate this particular
explosion with the whole class of explosions to which it belongs: it is not a type but
possibly one of a type.
115) Explanation:
A is the best answer. B, C and D incorrectly omit that after agree; that is needed to
create the parallel construction agree that there is waste...and that the
government...spends. E, though it retains that, is grammatically incorrect: because it
starts with an independent rather than a subordinate clause and separates its two
independent clauses with a comma, it creates a run-on sentence with no logical connection
established between the halves. In B, the agreement...to the fact is unidiomatic. B, C,
and E alter the tense of the original sentence by saying that voters agree rather than
that they may agree.
116) Explanation:
E, the best answer, is clear and concise; it correctly uses a present participle (or “-
ing” verb) to introduce the modifier describing how the scholars worked. In A, the
introductory clause beginning based on modifies scholars, the noun that immediately
follows it: in other words, this says that scholars were based on the accounts of various
ancient writers. B is awkward and imprecise in that the referent for the pronoun it is not
immediately clear. C and D are wordy and awkward. In D by the accounts...they used is an
unidiomatic and roundabout way of saying that scholars used the accounts.
117) Explanation:
D, the best answer, says concisely in the same way as to. (Formulas: a set form of words,
as for stating something with authority, for indicating procedure to be followed, or for
use on some ceremonial occasion). In A, the they after because is ambiguous; it seems
illogically to refer to formulas because they and formulas are each the grammatical
subject of a clause and because the previous they refers to formulas. In A, and B, do not
apply to...in the same way as they do to is wordy and awkward. Also in B, because they
refers to formulas, the introductory clause states confusedly that the formulas are
growing. In C and E, subject to the <same> applicability of...is wordy, awkward, and
imprecise; furthermore, are is preferable either before or after established big
businesses to complete the comparison. Finally, the referent of they is not immediately
clear in the choice of E.
118) Explanation:
C, the best answer, is idiomatic and concise, and it correctly uses the progressive verb
form are forcing to indicate an ongoing situation. In A and B, rates of is incorrect; when
rates means “prices charged,” it should be followed by for. Also, in B, are a force for
does not accurately convey the meaning that the soaring rates are actually forcing
cutbacks in the present. In the choices of A and E, it is redundant to say that soaring
rates have risen. Similarly, the word rises makes this choice of D redundant.
119) Explanation:
D, the best answer, correctly follows estimated with to be. Also, the word “provide”
observes the plural fragments. A, B, C and E present structures that are not idiomatic
when used in conjunction with estimated. B, C and E all mismatch the singular verb
provides with its plural subject, fragments. In C and E, what was is unnecessary and
wordy. In C, the use of the verb phrase estimated that it is produces an ungrammatical
sentence.
120) Explanation:
C is the best answer because it uses the idiomatically correct expression distinguishes
between x and y and because it provides a structure in which the relative clause beginning
which may be violent clearly modifies mood swings. A, B,D and E use distinguishes in
unidiomatic constructions. Additionally, their in A is intrusive and unnecessary. The
modifier of mood swings in B and D (perhaps violent) is awkward and less clear than the
more developed clause which may be violent.
121) Explanation:
E, the best answer, correctly uses a parallel construction to draw a logical comparison:
unlike a typical automobile loan, … lease-loan…It is the only option that supplies an
active verb form, does not require, to parallel requires. A illogically compares an
automobile loan, an inanimate thing, with a lease-loan buyer, a person. In C, buyers makes
the comparison inconsistent in number as well as illogical. B and D are syntactically and
logically flawed because each attempts to compare the noun loan and a prepositional
phrase: with lease-loan buying and for the lease-loan buyer. B and D are also imprecise
and awkward.
122) Explanation:
A is the best because it correctly uses the simple past tense, the residents…at that time
were, and because it is the most concise. All but the correct choice are wordy. In B and
D, the replacement of were with the past perfect had been needlessly changes the original
meaning by suggesting that the Native Americans had previously ceased to be part of the
widespread culture. In C, D and E, the word people redundantly describes the residents
rather than the larger group to which the residents belonged. These choices are also
imprecise because they state that the culture, rather than people, spoke to the Algonquian
language. E displays inconsistent tenses and an error of pronoun reference, people which.
123) Explanation:
C correctly links wives with were, eliminates the unnecessary pronouns, and provides a
clearer structure. Every choice except the correct choice contains errors of agreement.
The pronoun constructions in these choices are wordy. In A and E, the singular subject
(each, every one) does not agree with the plural verb were. In D, the plural subject women
is mismatched with the singular verb was. In B, the subject and verb agree, but the
descriptive phrase placed between them creates an illogical statement because each cannot
be wives; each can be one of the wives, or a wife. B, D and E are very awkwardly
structured and do not convey the point about Hemingway’s wives clearly
124) Explanation:
In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the
thing being compared with wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by
placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. This choice also uses that to
refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. By
making protein the noun modified, A, C and D illogically compare wheat with protein and
claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the
comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice
protein contains wheat. E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and
logical comparison
125) Explanation:
A is the best answer. The construction so abundant has capital been …that correctly and
clearly expresses the relationship between the abundance and the investors’ response. In
B, the repetition of so is illogical and unidiomatic. C, D and E alter somewhat the
intended meaning of the sentence; because of its position in these statements, such
functions to mean “of a king” rather than to intensify abundant. D awkwardly separates
has and been. The omission of that from C and E makes them ungrammatical
126) Explanation:
B is the best answer. In A, C and E, in attributing...behavior modifies the perpetrators,
producing the illogical statement that the perpetrators rather than the defense attorneys
are attributing behavior to food allergies. C is also wordy. D avoids the initial
modification error by using a passive construction (in which the attributors are not
identified), but attributed x as the cause of y is unidiomatic. In E, attributing...as is
unidiomatic. In the correct form of the expression, one attributes x, an effect, to y, a
cause; or if a passive construction is used, x is attributed to y.
127) Explanation:
C, the best answer, places not and but in such a way that the distinction between
springing to life in a flash of inspiration and evolving slowly is logically and
idiomatically expressed. A and B are faulty because, for grammatical parallelism, not in a
flash... must be followed by but in ..., not by a conjugated form of the verb. Moreover,
were slowly evolved is incorrect in B because evolve, in this sense of the word, cannot be
made passive. D and E correctly place not before spring, as does the correct answer. D,
however, contains inconsistent verb tenses. E contains the faulty passive and an intrusive
they.
128) Explanation:
D, which presents the comparison logically and idiomatically, is the best answer. Because
a count of women employed outside the home at any given time will be expressed by a single
number, the use of the plural noun numbers in these choices of A, B and C is illogical. In
A, the phrase grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase is redundant and wordy,
since the sense of increase is implicit in the verb grew. In C and E, the passive verb
forms were raised and was raised are inappropriate because there is no identifiable agent
responsible for the raising of the number of women employed. In E, was raised
by...increase is redundant.
129) Explanation:
Only in the choice of E, idiomatically completes whether with an infinitive, to sign, that
functions as a noun equivalent of decision. E also uses the noun conversion, which
grammatically completes the phrase begun by undergoing. In A, B and C, the phrase being
converted is awkward and redundant, since the sense of process indicated by being has
already been conveyed by undergoing. A and D can be faulted for saying if rather than
whether , since the sentence poses alternative possibilities, to sign or to sign.
130) Explanation:
C is the best. The third verb phrase in the series describing bulls and cows should have
the same grammatical form as the first two. Only this choice has a present participle (or
“-ing” form) that is parallel with the two preceding verbs, receiving and fetching.
Instead of the present participle, A and B use the past tense (excited). D uses an
auxiliary verb (would excite) instead of the present participle. Instead of the present
participle, E uses the past perfect tense (had excited). Additionally, the incorrect verb
tenses in B and E are introduced by a pronoun, IT, that lacks a logical noun referent.
131) Explanation:
B is the best answer. The sentence compares one thing, an adverse change in climate, to
all other things in its class-that is, to all the possible disasters that threaten
American agriculture; therefore, the sentence requires the superlative form of the
adjective, most difficult. Rather than the comparative form, more difficult, which appears
in A and D, the sentence requires the superlative form of the adjective, most difficult.
In A and C, the use of maybe is unidiomatic, and difficult should be completed by the
infinitive to analyze. E is awkwardly phrased and, when inserted into the sentence,
produces an illogical structure: the possibility...is...the analysis that.
132) Explanation:
On in the choice of C, the best answer is published in Harlem followed immediately by the
messenger. Also, this choice makes it clear that the clause beginning who refers to
Randolph. A and B present dangling modifiers that illogically suggest that Owen and
Randolph, rather than the Messenger, were published in Harlem. In E, the phrase and
published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively. In E, being
produces an awkward construction, and the placement of the main clause at the end of the
sentence is confusing.
133) Explanation:
E includes the correct verb forms, suggests, eliminates that, and properly employs the
future tense, will continue to expand. That this tense is called for is indicated both by
the future time to which the coming months refers and by the parallel verb form will
proceed in the non-underlined part of the sentence. So E is the best answer. In A and B,
the verb suggest does not agree with its singular subject, rise. In context, the phrase
into the coming months in A and D is not idiomatic; in the coming months is preferable. In
A, C and D, the that appearing after but creates a subordinate clause where an independent
clause is needed for the new subject, mixed performance
134) Explanation:
A is the best answer. The other choices are unidiomatic or unnecessarily wordy. The
pronoun they, which appears in B, C and E, has no grammatical referent.
135) Explanation:
C is the best answer. The noun development is parallel to use. Also, the correct form of
expression, no less…than, appears. Besides being wordy, the clauses beginning what was
and the thing that was in A and B cause inconsistencies in verb tense: the use of the new
technology cannot logically be described by both the present perfect has been and the past
was. In B and D, developing the compact disc is not parallel to the use of the new
technology to revitalize...performances. The phrase none the less...than and no less...as
in D and E are unidiomatic
136) Explanation:
By making people the subject of the sentence, D best expresses the intended contrast,
which pertains not so much to skills as to people’s willingness to recognize different
areas of weakness. A illogically compares skills to a disinclination. B compares skills to
many people. C makes the comparison logical by casting analytical skills as the subject of
the sentence, but it is awkward and unidiomatic to say skills bring out a disinclination.
Also, the referent of they is unclear, and weak to a degree changes the meaning of the
original statement. In E, having a disinclination...while willing is grammatically
incomplete, and admit their lack should be admit to their lack.
137) Explanation:
B is the best answer.
It uses verb tenses correctly to indicate that construction of the buildings was completed
prior to the earthquake. A and C illogically state that some buildings were both destroyed
and damaged; or is needed to indicate that each of the buildings suffered either one fate
or the other. In using only verb tense, were, A fails to indicate that the buildings were
constructed before the earthquake occurred. C and D use the present perfect tense
incorrectly, saying in effect that the buildings have been constructed after they were
destroyed last year. E suggests that the construction of the buildings, rather than the
earthquake, occurred last year, thus making the sequence of events unclear.
138) Explanation:
A is the best answer. The activities listed are presented as parallel ideas and should
thus be expressed in grammatically parallel structures. This choice correctly uses the
simple past tense defined to parallel organized and provided. It also correctly joins the
last two parallel phrase with and and clearly expresses the relationship of rights and
obligations to resources. C preserves parallelism but is wordy, and its has no logical
referent. B, D and E replace the verb phrase with a subordinate modifier, violating
parallism and making the statements ungrammatical. Furthermore, it is unclear what
defining...consumption in B is intended to modify. In D, whose incorrectly attributes
rights and obligations to resources. E presents rights and obligations as defining, rather
than as being defined.
139) Explanation:
E, the best answer, is both grammatically correct and concise. A, B and C are flawed
because the countable noun dioxins should be modified by many rather than much, which is
used with uncountable nouns such as “work” or “happiness”. In addition, A and C
incorrectly use the singular verb comes with the plural noun dioxins. C and D are
needlessly wordy. D requires that before North Americans to be grammatically complete.
140) Explanation:
C, the best answer, avoids modification problems by using a noun phrase in which price
clearly refers to $20.2 million. And by using a comma after Rhone to set off the phrase
that modifies the bridge of Trinquetaille, this choice makes the painting the subject of
was sold. A comma is needed after Rhone in A and D to set off the modifying phrase that
begins Vincent…; without the comma, the phrase appears to be part of the main clause, and
it is thus unclear what noun should govern the verb sold. Furthermore, it in the choice of
A has no logical referent. In this choice of D, being is not idiomatic. These choices of B
and E produce the illogical statement that the painting was the second highest price.
141) Explanation:
A is the best answer. The phrasing are native to correctly suggests that the toad species
is indigenous to, and still exists in, South America. The correct phrase, in an attempt,
is completed by an infinitive (here, to control). In this choice of B, native in is
unidiomatic. In these choices of C and E, natives of illogically suggests that each toad
now in Florida hails from South America. In these choices of D and E, had been
inaccurately implies that the toads are no longer native, or indigenous, to South America,
and introduced to Florida is unidiomatic. In the choices of B, D and E as attempts and as
an attempt are wrong because the attempt consists not of the toads themselves, but of
their introduction into the environment. The correct phrase, in an attempt, should be
completed by an infinitive (here, to control), as in the correct choice.
142) Explanation:
B is the best answer: in sentences expressing a conditional result (x will happen if y
happens), the verb of the main clause should be in the future tense and the verb of the if
clause should be in the present indicative. Thus, is taught is consistent with will take.
This answer correctly uses the adjective separate to modify course. In the choices of A, D
and E would be taught and was taught are not consistent with will take. For clarity, only
in the choices of C, D and E should immediately precede the entire IF clause that it is
meant to modify. Also, the intended meaning is distorted when the adverb separately is
used to modify required or taught, as in the choices of A, C and E.
143) Explanation:
D, the best answer choice, the phrase sediments from the Baltic sea tells where the
sediments originate, findings provides a noun for consistent to modify, and in the area
clearly identifies where the industrial activity is growing. All of the incorrect choices
contain ambiguities. In the choices of A and B, the words which and where appear to refer
to sediments. In the choice of E, it is not clear what consistent describes. In the
choices of A, C and E, there is no logical place to which there or its could refer.
144) Explanation:
C is the best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the
shields did. The choices of A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to
items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of
protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect or a method protecting in the
choices of A and B. in the choices of B and D, as is incorrect. Also, a protection in the
choice of D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. The choice of E is
incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.
145) Explanation:
The corrected sentence must contrast an effect of spot-welding with an effect of adhesive
bonding. To do so logically and grammatically, it must describe the effects in parallel
terms. When inserted into the sentence, the choice of D produces the parallel construction
over a broad surface rather than at a series. Having no word such as over or at to
indicate location, the choices of A, B and C fail to complete the parallel and so
illogically draw a contrast between surface and series. In the choices of E, as against
being is a wordy and unidiomatic way to establish the intended contrast
146) Explanation:
Only E, the best answer, corrects the problems found in the other choices. The predicate
has never been applied refers to a span of time, from the writing of the Constitution to
the present, rather than to a past event (as was does), and the phrase is required
indicates that the provision still applies. The phrase call…to consider is idiomatic, and
to do so can substitute grammatically for it. The choices of A, B, C and D contain tense
errors (the use of was never applied with has been required in the first choice, for
example), unidiomatic expressions (call...for considering), and uses of a pronoun (it)
with no noun referent. By introducing the subordinating conjunction whereby, the choices
of C and D produce sentence fragments
147) Explanation:
C is the best answer because its phrasing is parallel and concise. It also uses the
idiomatic expression worried about rather than worried over or worrying over; worried
about is preferable when describing a condition rather than an action. Whereas this answer
uses compact and parallel noun phrases such as the removal …and the failure…,the other
choices employ phrases that are wordy, awkward, or nonparallel. The choices of A, D and E
begin with unnecessarily wordy phrases. The choice of D is also flawed in that the plural
pronoun they does not agree with the singular noun administration.
148) Explanation:
A is the best answer, for it alone makes clear that the land now known as Australia was
considered the antipodes before it was developed. In the choice of B, it has no logical
referent, because the previous clause describes a time when there was no Australia. Nor
does it have a referent in the choice of C: substituting Australia for it produces a
nonsensical statement. The choice of D is wordy, with the unnecessary what was, and
imprecise in suggesting that Australia was considered the antipodes after it became
Australia. The choice of E similarly distorts the original meaning, and the past perfect
had been is inconsistent with the past tense used to establish a time frame for the rest
of the sentence.
149) Explanation:
E is the best answer. The choice of A presents a dangling modifier. The phrase beginning
the sentence has no noun that it can logically modify and hence cannot fit anywhere in the
sentence and make sense. Coming first, the choice of A modifies heartbeats, the nearest
free noun in the main clause; that is, the choice of A says that the heartbeats are using
the Doppler ultrasound device. The choice of B contains the same main clause and dangling
modifier, now at the end. Contrary to intent, the wording in the choice of C suggests that
physicians can use a Doppler ultrasound device after they detect fetal heartbeats. In the
choice of D the phrase using...device should follow physician, the noun it modifies.
150) Explanation:
Grammatically, the participial phrase beginning delighted must modify the subject of the
main clause. Because it is the manager who was delighted, C, this choice, in which the
company manager appears as the subject, is the best answer. The choices of A, B, D and E
create illogical statements by using it, the decision, the staff, and a raise, as the
sentence subject. Use of the passive voice in the choices of A, D and E produces
unnecessary wordiness. The construction the decision of the company manager was to in the
choice of B is unnecessary wordy.
151) Explanation:
E, the best answer, uses the adverbial phrase more quickly than to modify the verb phrase
gain weight. This choice of E is also the only choice with consistent verb tenses. The
first verb in the clauses introduced by showed that is exercise. In the choices of A, B
and C, quicker than is incorrect because an adjective should not be used to modify a verb
phrase. The choices of A and B incorrectly compound that present tense verb (exercise)
with a past tense verb, associated. The choices of C and D correctly use associate, but
follow with the past tense required and the present perfect have required. Both
incorrectly conclude with the future tense will gain
152) Explanation:
The best answer, E, correctly compounds the tow infinitives to affect and <to> induce with
and. The use of the phrasing can heat.. enough to affect in this choice is more idiomatic
than the use of the subordinate clause beginning with that in several of the other
choices. The use of the phrasing can heat...enough to affect in the choice of A (and in
the correct answer) is more idiomatic than the use of the subordinate clause beginning
with that in the other choices. The choice of A incorrectly separates the two infinitives
to affect and <to> induce with a comma when it should compound them with and. The choice
of B produces an illogical and ungrammatical statement by making induce parallel with the
verb heat rather than with the appropriate form of the verb affect. The choice of C lacks
agreement in using the singular pronoun it to refer to the plural noun displays. The
choice of D is faulty because induces cannot fit grammatically with any noun in the
sentence
153) Explanation:
This choice of C, which uses because and it as the singular subject of a clause, is the
best answer. As used in the choices of A, B and D, the phrases on account of and because
of are unidiomatic. Because, which appears in the choices of C and E, is preferable here
since because can introduce a complete subordinate clause explaining the reason why the
golden crab has not been fished extensively. The choices of B and E also produce agreement
errors by using the plural pronouns their and they to refer to the singular noun crab. The
choices of A and D fail to provide a noun or pronoun to perform the action of living, but
even with it’s the phrases would be more awkward and less clear than it lives.
154) Explanation:
This choice of B uses the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding
clause. B is the best answer. The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously
mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause. In the choices of A, C and
E, which seems to refer to a vague concept involving the detection of moons, but there is
no specific noun, such as detection, to which it can refer. Also in the choice of E, the
use of the phrasing the number...now known that orbit is ungrammatical and unclear. The
choices of A and D use known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more
idiomatic in context, even though the fourth choice uses the correct participial form,
doubling, to modify the preceding clause.
155) Explanation:
D is the best answer. In the choice of A, it, the subject of the main clause, seems to
refer to baby, the subject of the subordinate clause; thus, this answer seems to state
that the newborn baby, rather than its sense of vision, would be rated 20/500. Similarly,
the choices of B and E use awkward and ambiguous phrasing that suggests that the sense of
vision, rather than an adult with 20/500 vision, would be considered legally blind. The
choice of C incorrectly uses the semicolon, which should separate independent clauses, to
set off a verb phrase. The phrase if an adult in this answer is also illogical, since it
states that a baby could also be an adult.
156) Explanation:
A is the best answer. The choices of B and C present faulty comparisons: in the second
choice, Jackie Robinson’s courage is compared to Rosa Parks herself, not to her courage,
and in the third choice, it is compared to both Rosa Parks and her refusal. The choice of
D does not make clear whether it was Jackie Robinson or Rosa Parks who showed courage in
refusing to move to the back of the bus; in fact, saying for refusing rather than who
refused makes it sound as if courage moved to the back of the bus. The choice of E
incorrectly uses AS rather than like to compare two noun phrases.
157) Explanation:
C is the best answer. In the choice of A, the rising of costs is unidiomatic. In the
choice of B, costs...has lacks subject-verb agreement. The choices of D and E produce
sentence fragments since because makes the clause subordinate rather than independent.
158) Explanation:
E is the best answer. The corrected sentence must make clear that both damaging and
slowing the growth of refer to forests. This answer is the only choice that does so
without introducing errors. In the choice of A, OF is required after growth. In the
choices of B and C, the use of the damage instead of damaging produces awkward and wordy
constructions. Without to after damage, the choice of B is grammatically incomplete. In
the choice of C, the slowness of does not convey the original sense that the rate of
growth has been slowed by acid rain. The choice of D also changes the meaning of the
sentence by making both damaged and slowed refer to growth.
159) Explanation:
B, the best answer, uses the idiomatic and grammatically parallel form the same to x as to
y. Because the choice of A lacks the preposition to, it seems to compare the appearance of
natural phenomena to that of a person standing on land. The choices of C and D
unnecessarily repeat would and wrongly use the singular it to refer to the plural
phenomena. The choices of C and E each contain a faulty semicolon and produce errors in
idiom, the same to x just as <it would > to. The choices of D and E use the definite
article the where the indefinite article a is needed to refer to an unspecified person.
160) Explanation:
Only this answer of E, the best choice, uses the correct tense, observes parallelism, and
is idiomatic. Because the sentence describes a situation that continues into the present,
the choices of A and B are incorrect in using the past perfect had elected, which denotes
an action completed at a specific time in the past. Also, alternatives presented in the
expressions x rather than y and x instead of y should be parallel in form, but the choices
of A and B mismatch the noun retirement with the verb forms face and facing. The choice of
C is faulty because have elected, which is correct in tense, cannot idiomatically be
followed by a participle such as retiring. The choices of A, B and D fail to maintain
parallelism, even though the fourth choice correctly follows have elected with an
infinitive, to retire.
161) Explanation:
This choice of C, the best answer, places the Maya immediately after its modifier and uses
the active verb form built. The choices of A, B, and D illogically suggest that the palace
and temple clusters were architects and stonemasons. For the modification to be logical,
architects and stonemasons must immediately precede the Maya, the noun phrase it is meant
to modify. The choices of A, B and D also use the passive verb form were built, which
produces unnecessary awkwardness and wordiness. The choice of E is awkwardly phrased and
produces a sentence fragment, because the appositive noun phrase architects and
stonemasons cannot serve as the subject of were the Maya.
162) Explanation:
This choice of A is the best because it is idiomatic and because its passive verb
construction, has been shifted, clearly indicates that the light has been acted upon by
the rapid motion. In the choice of B, the active verb has shifted suggests that the light,
not the motion, is the agency of action, but such a construction leaves the phrase by the
rapid motion of the galaxy away from the earth without any logical or grammatical
function. In the choice of C, the construction the extent that light is ungrammatical;
denotes the extent must be completed by to which. The choice of D incorrectly employs an
active verb, shifting, and extent of light is imprecise and awkward. The choice of E is
faulty because it contains no verb to express the action performed by the rapid motion.
163) Explanation:
The construction range from x must be completed by to y, as in the choice of B, the best
answer: Johnson’s paintings range from …portraits. to…views. The incorrect choices
produce an unidiomatic construction.
164) Explanation:
This choice of D is the best, is idiomatic, clear, and concise. The choices of A and B
incorrectly use much rather than many to describe the countable noun others; much should
be used with uncountable nouns such as “joy” or “labor”. Even if this error were
corrected, though, the choices of A and B would still be wrong. Because more than x
necessarily includes the sense of at least as many as x, it is redundant and confusing to
use elements of both expressions to refer to the same number of women. In the choices of A
and C, not any support agreements is wordy and awkward. The choices of A, B and E
redundantly use both at least and more. The choice of E incorrectly links the singular
verb was with the plural subject others.
165) Explanation:
The intended comparison should be completed by a clause beginning with as and containing a
subject and verb that correspond to the subject and verb of the main clause. In this
choice of E, the best answer, it refers unambiguously to the phrasal subject owning …
land, the verb was corresponds to is and today’s young adults are appropriately compared
to earlier generations. The choices of A and B lack a verb corresponding to is and a clear
referent for that. The choices of C and D are confusing and illogical because their verbs,
did and have, cannot substitute for is in the main clause.
166) Explanation:
C is the best answer. In the choices of A and B, the plural pronouns their and they do not
agree with the singular noun bank. The choices of B, D and E, illogically shift from the
plural customers and funds to the singular check, as if the customers were jointly
depositing only one check. In the choice of D, requires a bank that it should is
ungrammatical; requires that a bank is the appropriate idiom. In the choice of E, the use
of the passive construction is to be delayed is less informative than the active voice
because the passive does not explicitly identify the bank as the agent responsible for the
delay.
167) Explanation:
This choice of D, the best answer, describes the warning signs in parallel phrases.
Despite surface appearances, the nouns changes and variations are parallel with tilting,
but the verbal forms changing and varying in the choices of A, B, and C are not: tilting,
one of the deformations of the earth’s crust, is used here as a noun that is parallel to
fluctuations, whereas changing and varying are used as verbs indicating some action
undertaken. Moreover, these verbs are used incorrectly because the sentence mentions no
subject that is performing these actions. The choices of B and E illogically state that it
is not the strain but the measurements that portend danger. In the choice of E, among
wrongly suggests a comparison of different electrical properties rather than of different
behaviors of the same properties.
168) Explanation
This choice of A which is both idiomatic and concise, is best. In the choice of B, to
contrast is wrong because the phrase are in danger must be followed by of, not by an
infinitive. The phrase have a danger is unidiomatic in the choice of C. in the choice of
D, the phrase by contraction Trypanosomiasis requires of after contraction; even if this
correction were make, though, the passive construction would be unnecessarily wordy and
also imprecise, because it is the disease more than the act of contracting it that poses
the danger. In the choice of E, have a danger is again unidiomatic, and the that clause
following the phrase is, within the structure of the sentence, ungrammatical and awkward.
169) Explanation:
In this sentence, the first noun of the main clause grammatically identifies what is being
compared with a funded pension system; to be logical, the comparison must be made between
comparable things. Only this choice of E, the best answer, compares one kind of system of
providing for retirees, the funded person system, with another such system, social
security. The choices of A, C and D all illogically compare the pension system with the
approach taken by Social Security itself. In the choice of B, the comparison of pension
system with foundation is similarly flawed.
170) Explanation:
Grammatically and idiomatically sound, D is the best choice. When consider means “regard
as”, as it does in this sentence, its object should be followed immediately by the phrase
that identifies or describes that object. Thus, to be, as, and as being in the choices of
A, B and C produce unidiomatic constructions in the context of the sentence. Also,
although if and whether can be used interchangeably after some verbs, question if, which
appears in the choices of A and B, is unidiomatic. In the choice of B, they is
unnecessary. The choice of E also contains the unnecessary they, and it uses the
ungrammatical construction consider...facilities are.
171) Explanation:
A is the best answer. In the choices of B, both must come before acknowledgement if it is
to link acknowledgment and effort; as misplaced here, it creates the unfulfilled
expectation that the reduction of interest rates will be an acknowledgement of two
different things. Moreover, both...as well as...is redundant: the correct idiom is both x
and y. in the choice of C, the plural verbs acknowledge and attempt do not agree with
their singular subject, reduction; also, it is imprecise to characterize a reduction as
performing actions such as acknowledging or attempting. In the choices of D and E, the use
of the participle reducing rather than the noun reduction is awkward. The choices of B and
D misplace both. The choice of E repeats both the redundancy of the second choice and the
agreement error of the third choice.

Expression Is Seem + Infinitive (To

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Expression Is Seem + Infinitive (To

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1) Explanation

(B) is concise and clears up the confusion created by "upon" in the

(B) is wordy and awkward.

(E) contains "utilizations," which is not a word.

(B) is constructed in a way that confuses the sentence's meaning, as well

(E) employs improper diction. It is awkward to speak of a person's interest

(B) is faulty in two respects. (B) improperly separates the components of

(C) improperly uses the word "furthering," suggesting that exercise is a

(C) remedies the underlined phrase's faulty construction by rephrasing it

(D) remedies the original sentence's faulty parallelism by reconstructing

(B) is nonsensical; "lower" appears to refer to energy products rather than

(C) corrects the misuse of "because" by replacing it with "due to."

(E) misplaces the adverbial clause "already in use," which is intended to

79) Correct Answer: C

80) Your Answer:

82) Correct Answer: D

83) Correct Answer: C

85) Correct Answer: A

86) Correct Answer: B

87) Correct Answer: E

88) Correct Answer: B

89) Correct Answer: B

90) Correct Answer: E

91) Correct Answer: D

92) Correct Answer: B

93) Correct Answer: C

94) Correct Answer: A

95) Correct Answer: A

96) Correct Answer: C

97) Correct Answer: A

98) Correct Answer: C

99) Correct Answer: (D)

100) Correct Answer: (D)

101) Correct Answer: (D)

You might also like