International Institute of Maritime Technology

ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE (MOTOR)

CLASS 3
QUESTION BANK

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

 Draw Fuel Oil system of a large Two Stroke Engine indicating all parts clearly. 8
 For perfect combustion in the engine, describe the importance of (a) Viscosity,
(b) Atomization (c) Penetration and (d) Turbulence. 3x4=12
 Define Ignition Delay? Describe the effect of Ignition Delay on combustion. 6
 What is Diesel Knock? How is it caused? 6
 What is NOx? How does these pollute the environment? Briefly describe the
principles of reducing NOx from engine emission 12
 What is SOx? How does these pollute the environment? Briefly describe the
principle of reducing SOx from engine emission . 12
 What is VIT? When it is operated? 6
 Describe the causes and effects on engine operation of the following Fuel Injector
faults:
(a) Incorrect spring pressure setting,
(b) Nozzle leakage,
(c) Worn nozzle holes,
(d) Slack needle. 3x4=12
 Describe the operating principle of a fuel injection pump. 8
 What is the function of delivery valve with respect to Fuel injection pump? 6
 What do you understand by termination of injection of a fuel pump? 4
 What are the dangers of allowing small bore pipes carrying fuel oil or lubricating oil to
vibrate excessively? What are the measures adopted to avoid these dangers? 8
 What is the purpose of a Viscosity Regulator? Describe the operating principle with the
aid of a sketch. 12
 What is Fuel Impingement? When does it occur? 6
 What are the likely consequences of carry over of Catalytic Cracking fines from the
separator in to the fuel oil system. Describe the measures to be adopted to minimize the
damages. 8

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 Draw a diagram of ships fuel system and discuss the problems associated in each stage
of fuel handling from bunker tank to fuel injector in case of Heavy Fuel Oil. 12
 Explain why residual fuel oil needs to be purified? 4
 Explain with reasons how the use of poor quality residual fuel can effect the fallowing,
Engine Power
Turbo Charger
Crank Shaft Bearings
Exhaust Values
Fuel pump and injector
Cylinder liner
Piston and Piston Rings 3x4=12
 If sulfur content is low in fuel, what are the likely consequences in engine operation? 4

ENGINE PARTS
TIE BOLTS
 Describe the purpose of Tie Bolts. How is Tie Bolt vibration minimized? 6
 What is the effect of running engine with loose Tie Bolts? 4

ENGINE SEATING: BEDPLATE AND CHOCKS

 State the advantage of chocks and holding down bolts rather than resting the engine
directly on ship’s structure. 6
 Describe the advantages of non-metallic chocking arrangement over conventional
design. 6
 Identify with reasons the areas of bed plate which require special attention during
inspection. 6
 Explain why holding down bolts often run loose. What are the detrimental effects if
engines run for a prolonged period with slack holding down bolts. What maintenance
procedure can reduce the above consequences. 12
 Why are side and end chocks incorporated to bed plates in addition to holding down
bolts? What design features are incorporated in holding down bolts to improve their
performance? 12

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CONNECTING ROD ,CROSS-HEAD AND BEARINGS:
 List defects, which might be found, when a connecting rod bottom end bearing fitted
with split shells is opened up for examination. Briefly describe the corrective action to
be taken in each case. 12
 Explain why bottom end bolts, particularly in medium speed engines are prone to
failure. Describe how this tendency can be minimized by proper maintenance. 8
 Describe the design features of bottom end bolts, contributing to increase fatigue
strength. 6
 Explain why lubrication of crosshead bearings is critical. Describe three improvements
of cross head bearing design. 12
 Explain why bearing clearance must be maintained within allowable limits. 4
 State the advantages of thin shell bearing. 6

LINER
 What are the causes of abnormal Cylinder Liner wear? 6
 What are the Ideal Operational and Maintenance practice to be followed to keep Liner
wear normal? 6
 What are the functions of cylinder lubrication? 6
 What is the effect of incorrect Cylinder Lubrication? 6
 Why bore cooling is necessary? 4
 Draw a simple diagram of a modern large Diesel Engine liner and provide a brief
Description. 8
 Why is Cylinder Lub Oil Alkaline? If not, what would be the result in prolong running
of engine? 6
 State with reason, your action as a Watch Keeper, on cylinder lub oil feed when,
New liner and piston is rings fitted
At slow speed. 4x2=8
 Explain with reasons the contribution made by the following to cylinder liner wear.
 Piston speed
 High sulfur content in fuel
 Low cooling water temperature
 High maximum pressure
 Excess lubricant

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 Insufficient running in. 3x3=9

 State with reasons, two indications of excessive liner wear. 4

 State why modern engines have adopted two rows of lubricating oil quills? 6
 Describe the procedure of replacing a liner of a four Stroke Engine. 8
 Describe how the liner should be run- in to prolong working life. 4
 Describe with necessary diagrams a Liner where thermal stresses have been reduced
without compromising on mechanical strength. 8
 Describe how liner wear rate should be measured and recorded. 6
 Describe with the aid of a sketch the sealing arrangement of a large engine liner. 6
 Explain why liner wear rate is maximum at the top. 4
 Define the term “Clover Leafing”. How is it minimized. 6
 Define the cause and remedy of corrosive wear on liner and piston rings. 6

PISTON, PISTON RINGS & STUFFING BOX:

 Describe the reasons and their remedy of Piston crown burning and cracking. 8
 Describe with an aid of a sketch how piston rings seal the combustion chamber. 4
 Describe piston ring defects and their causes. 6
 State with reasons the clearances to be maintained for piston rings and the correct
procedure to measure the clearances. 8
 Discuss the validity of the following statement: ‘Skirts are fitted to pistons of both two
and four stroke engines, but for different reasons’. 8
 State the properties required of piston ring material. 6
 State why piston cooling is necessary? Describe the advantages and disadvantage
between Fresh Water and Lubricating Oil as piston cooling medium. 4+6=10
 Give the reasons why torque wrenches and hydraulic spanners are used in overhauling
diesel engines. 4
 Explain why pistons are tapered on top of the ring groove. State with reasons the main
indications of piston running hot. 4+6=10
 Explain why combination of ‘Crome plated liner’ and ‘Crome plated ring’ give
alarming result. 5
 Sketch a diagram of the lubricating oil system of a Large Two Stroke Diesel Engine. 8

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 State the functional purposes of scraper and seal rings in stuffing box. Identify with
reasons the details which should receive particular attention during the overhaul of a
stuffing box. 4+8=12
 Discuss the significance of the following factors on the piston ring and liner wear:
(a) gas pressure behind rings,
(b) clearances of rings in groove,
(c) axial and radial depth of rings,
(d) lubricating oil film. 3x4=12

EXHAUST VALVES
 With reference to exhaust valves explain the advantage of the following modifications:
 Nimonic steel for valve heads.
 Stellite deposit on seat faces.
 Roto cap or spinners for valves.
 Bore cooling for valve seats.
 Hydraulic operation of valve. 3x5=15
 Describe the effects of the following:
 Exhaust valve late open.
 Exhaust valve early open.
 Scavenge port partially choked. 3x4=12

 Outline the indications of leaky exhaust valves in a large main propulsion engine. 6
 Discuss the likely results of permitting a leaky exhaust valve to remain in this condition
for an extended period of time. 6
 Identify the factors leading to leakage of Exhaust valve. 8
 State the advantages of hydraulically operated exhaust valves over conventional push
rod operated exhaust v/v. 6
 State why Tappet clearances are important and give reasons why they should be
cheeked regularly? With reference to poppet valves, explain the effect of excessive and
insufficient tappet clearance on valve and engine operation. 6+6=12
 With reference to main engine inlet and exhaust valves give reasons to why:
(a) exhaust valves are water cooled.
(b) Slackness of valve stems in the guides is as undesirable as being to nil.

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(c) Multi spring loading is sometimes employed,
(d) Shrouding on valve lips and seats should be removed as soon as possible. 4x3=12

CRANKSHAFT

 Why solid forged crankshafts are sensitive to misalignment and require special
attention? 4
 Describe the advantage of semi built crank shafts over forged one piece crank shafts.
State why welded crank shafts out way the semi built type. 8
 Describe the types of crank shaft and give example of their use. Describe crankshaft
defects and their causes. 6+8=14
 Describe causes, identification and result of slippage with respect to shrink fit crank
shafts. 8
 With respect to crank shafts explain importance of the following:
(a) balance weights,
(b) Construction of oil holes and fillets. 4x2=8
 How is the alignment of a crankshaft checked? What are the methods of checking Main
Bearing Clearance? 3+3=6
 Describe the procedure of Crankcase inspection of a Trunk type diesel engine. 10
 Describe the causes of crank case explosion. 6
 Describe the action to be taken in case of High Oil Mist alarm. 8

SCAVENGING & SUPERCHARGING

 State the indications of scavenge fire. 4
 Describe the causes and remedy of scavenge trunk fire. 8
 Describe the actions to be taken in case of a scavenge fire. 8
 Describe the advantage of Turbo charging. 4
 With reference to turbochargers give reasons for corrosion on the:
(a) gas side,
(b) air side,
(c) water side. 3x3=9
 Describe the types of turbocharger bearings. Discuss their strengths and weaknesses. 6

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 With reference to fouling of turbo chargers:

(a) identify the common causes,
(b) describe the effects on engine operation,
(c) state how possibility of fouling can be avoided. 4x3=12
 With reference to Turbo-charger describe the advantages and disadvantages of
(a) Pulse turbo-charging
(b) Constant Pressure Turbo-charging 6x2=12
 Name the types of scavenging used for large two stroke engines. Describe the
advantages of Uniflow scavenging. 3+4=7
 How scavenge fire can be avoided? What are the safety devices incorporated in an
engine for scavenge fire? 6+6=12
 With reference to large turbochargers state:
(a) why turbine blades are loosely attached to the rotors,
(b) how axial movement of the turbine blades is prevented,
(c) how blade vibration is dampened over a wide range of speed.
(d) What is the purpose of sealing air. 3x4=12
 With reference to large turbochargers state:
(a) how air and gas tightness between rotor and casing is achieved.
(b) how axial thrust is balanced.
(c) Explain how the gas can raise the pressure of air higher than its own.
(d) What is the purpose of nozzle ring. 3x4=12

STARTING & REVERSING

 Sketch and describe a Two Stroke Diesel Engine starting air system. 12
 Describe the safely features used in starting air system. 6
 How the possibility of starting air line explosion can be minimized. 8
 Describe the indications of a leaky cylinder starting air valve. Explain the consequences
of running an engine with a leaky starting air valve. State the action to be taken in the
case of a starting air valve leaking. 4x3=12
 With respect to control air of a pneumatic starting and reversing system, state the
importance of an air drier. 4

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 As a watch keeper state with reason what checks you perform:

(a) on an air drier,
(b) prior to maneuvering- on starting air bottle
(c) prior to maneuvering- on starting air line
(d) on control air line. 3x4=12

CYCLES AND TIMINGS

 Describe with the aid of indicator diagrams: cause, reason and remedy of the
followings.
(i) Late ignition, (ii) Chocked injector, (iii) Leaky injector, (iv) Early ignition,
(v) after burning 3x4=12
 Describe with the aid of sketch purpose of the following:
(a) power card,
(b) draw card,
(c) compression card,
(d) light spring card. 3x4=12
 With the aid of sketch describe the operating cycle of a Four Stroke Diesel Engine. 8
 With the aid of sketch describe the operating cycle of a Two Stroke Diesel Engine 8
 Draw an Ideal Draw card indicating salient points. 6
 Describe the effects of running engine with excessive peak pressure. 6
 Is exhaust temperature the sole criteria to balance an engine? Justify your answer. 6
 Describe the advantage and disadvantage between medium speed and slow speed
engines. 8
 What is power balancing? What are the effects of running an engine without balancing
for prolonged period. 4+4=8
 What is After Burning? What are the causes and effects of After Burning? 8

AIR COMPRESSOR’S AND RECEIVER’S:

 How many types of compressors are there? Why reciprocating type is most commonly
used. 6

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 Sketch a cross-section through the delivery valve of an air compressor, labeling the
principal components. 8
 With respect to reciprocating air compressors define Bumping clearance. State the
effect of incorrect Bumping Clearance on compressor efficiency. How the bumping
clearance can be adjusted? 3x4=12
 Define volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating air compressor. Name the factors
contributing to its deterioration and how to avoid them. 3+6=9
 Briefly describe the necessity to keep the air compressor valves in good condition. 6
 With respect to cylinder lubrication, describe the effect of the following in case of a
reciprocating air compressors:
(a) insufficient lubrication,
(b) excess lubrication. 8
 Describe the causes, effects and remedy of the following:
First stage delivery valve leaking.
Second stage delivery valve leaking. 6x2=12
 Why Inter Stage cooler and multistage compression is required? 8
 What are the safety devices incorporated in a reciprocating air compressor? State how
performance ‘fall off’ in service is indicated and how optimum performance is restored.
4+8=12
 What are the safety devices incorporated on an air bottle? 3
 Describe the effects of the following faults in multi-stage reciprocating air
compressors:
(a) inter-stage cooler starved of cooling water,
(b) worn crank shaft bearings,
(c) broken or worn scraper rings. 3x3=9
 Explain why air receiver draining is critical? 3
 With reference to reciprocating air compressors state why:
(a) suction and discharge valves are of plate type,
(b) restriction of air intake is dangerous,
(c) high flow rates in discharge air line is desirable. 3x4=12

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AUXILIARY STEAM PLANT

 With reference to auxiliary boilers:
(a) Explain the difference between fire tube and water tube boiler. 4
(b) What are the advantages of water tube boiler over smoke tube boiler. 4
(c) Sketch a vertical auxiliary boiler and name all the major parts. 6

 (a) Sketch a vertical auxiliary boiler and indicate all the important
mountings. 6
(b) Explain the role of any three mountings fitted to the boiler. 9

 Describe the procedure of blowing through of a boiler gauge glass assembly with all
the necessary safety precautions.
8
 Explain why water testing is essential in boiler water management. 4
 Describe with reasons the tests carried out on feed water of a low-pressure auxiliary
boiler. 8
 Describe the reasons of feed water treatment. 6
 Describe the correct procedure of blowing down boiler water. 8
 Explain the significance of regular blowing down of boiler, even though the chemical
parameters are within limits. 6
 Describe the procedure followed to raise steam from a cold boiler. 12
 Describe the maintenance procedure of a cascade tank. 8

LUBRICATION
 State the reasons behind deterioration of lubricating oil. Define the following: (a) TBN,
(b) pour point, (c) Synthetic Oil. 6+6=12
 State the functions of lubricating oil in a diesel engine. 4
 Describe with reasons the procedure of LO tests, which are conducted on board. 12
 Describe the four mode of lubrication. State example of each mode. 12
 State the difference between purification and clarification. 4
 Describe five lubricating oil additives. 10
 Explain Microbial Degradation with respect to lubricating oil. What are the indications.
4+4=8
 Describe the remedy and prevention of Microbial Degradation of lubricating oil. 6
 Describe the strength and weaknesses of synthetic lubricating oil. 6
 With reference to lubricating oil discuss the cause, effect and corrective measures for
problem relating to:
(a) change in viscosity,
(b) drop in alkalinity,

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(c) increase in insoluble
(d) fresh water or salt water contamination. 3x4=12

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