The TM Magnetical application is based on the following equations for steady state or time dependent

modes.

The steady state equation is derived from Maxwell equations ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) where time derivatives of D
(electrical flux density) is zero and the curl of H is derived into Laplacian of A for 2D in cartesian coordinates.

For the time dependent equation it is supposed that:

The term
1
∇∙( ∙ ∇A)
𝜇𝑟 ∙ 𝜇0
Is derived from the curl of H in the same way as the steady state mode

The term

−𝜎∇U
Is derived from the current density J of ( 2 ), assuming that E is derived from U, in the form:

𝐽 = 𝜎𝐸
𝐽 = 𝜎∇U
The term
1
(𝑗𝜔𝐴)
𝜌
Is derived from Faradays law, equation ( 1 ), in the following way:
⃗
𝜕𝐵
∇ ×𝐸⃗ = −
𝜕𝑡
𝜕 (∇ ×𝐴) 𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝐴
∇ ×𝐸⃗ = − = −∇ × → 𝐸⃗ = −
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
For time harmonic:

𝐸⃗ = −𝑗𝜔 𝐴

However, in the Maxwell-Ampere law

⃗
𝜕𝐷
⃗=
∇ ×𝐻 +𝐽
𝜕𝑡
we are having the time derivative of D=E, so the equation should be:
1
+∇ ∙ ( ∙ ∇A) = −𝑗𝜔(𝑗𝜔𝐴) − 𝜎∇U
𝜇𝑟 ∙ 𝜇0
That is not the equation given for FEM solution.

The question is, therefore, How the equation

Or

Are derived?

Maxwell Equations

⃗
𝜕𝐵
∇ ×𝐸⃗ = − Faraday’s law (1)
𝜕𝑡
⃗
𝜕𝐷
⃗=
∇ ×𝐻 +𝐽 Maxwell-Ampere law (2)
𝜕𝑡

⃗ = 𝜌𝑉
∇ ∙𝐷 Gauss’s law (3)

⃗=0
𝛻 ∙𝐵 Gauss’s law magnetic (4)

𝜕𝜌
𝛻 ∙𝐽= − Equation of continuity (5)
𝜕𝑡