This document lists and defines various figures of speech and rhetorical devices. It includes 40 different types of tropes such as metaphor, simile, and synecdoche. It also lists over 70 other rhetorical schemes and figures of speech such as antithesis, hyperbole, irony, and repetition devices like anaphora and epistrophe. The document provides definitions and examples of a wide variety of rhetorical techniques used for persuasive effect.
This document lists and defines various figures of speech and rhetorical devices. It includes 40 different types of tropes such as metaphor, simile, and synecdoche. It also lists over 70 other rhetorical schemes and figures of speech such as antithesis, hyperbole, irony, and repetition devices like anaphora and epistrophe. The document provides definitions and examples of a wide variety of rhetorical techniques used for persuasive effect.
This document lists and defines various figures of speech and rhetorical devices. It includes 40 different types of tropes such as metaphor, simile, and synecdoche. It also lists over 70 other rhetorical schemes and figures of speech such as antithesis, hyperbole, irony, and repetition devices like anaphora and epistrophe. The document provides definitions and examples of a wide variety of rhetorical techniques used for persuasive effect.
36. Epanalepsis: Repetition of a word at the end of a clause
TROPES that was used at the beginning of th clause Reference 37. Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word of one clause at the 1. Metaphor: Reference of one thing to imply another beginning of the following clause 2. Simile: Explicit comparison of two unlike things 38. Climax: Repetition of anadiplosis at least three times, 3. Synecdoche: A part is used for a whole or a whole is used for arranged so as to increase in importance each time a part 39. Antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses, 4. Metonymy: Naming an object or concept to refer to another, but in reverse grammatical order related object or concept 40. Chiasmus: Repetition of grammatical structures in reverse 5. Personification: Referencing inanimate objects with order in successive phrases or clauses human-like qualities or abilities
Wordplay & Puns
6. Antanaclasis: Repetition of a word with two different MORE FIGURES OF SPEECH: definitions 7. Paronomasia: Use of words similar in sound but different in Abbaser: See Tapinosis. meaning (punning) Abusio: See Catachresis 8. Syllepsis: Use of the same word differently to modify two or Acoloutha: Reciprocal substitution of words. more objects Accismus: Feigned refusal of that which is desired. 9. Onomatopoeia: Forming a word to imitate a sound Accumulatio: Drawing points into a powerful climax. Substitutions Acutezza: The use of wit or wordplay. 10. Anthimeria: Substitution of one part of speech for another Acyron: Using a word opposite to what is meant. 11. Periphrasis: Circumlocution; use of a descriptive phrase or Adianoeta: Expression that has second, subtle proper noun to stand for qualities of the phrase or noun meaning. Adjunction: Putting the verb at the beginning. Overstatement/Understatement Adynaton: Exaggerated declaration of impossibility. 12. Hyperbole: Exaggeration for effect Asteismos: Polite expression of emotion. 13. Auxesis: Use of a term to describe something Aetiologia: A statement with a supporting cause. disproportionately less significant than the term implies 14. Litotes: Deliberate understatement Affirmation: Speaking as if one's point is disputed. 15. Meiosis: Use of a term to describe something Aganactesis: Indignant exclamation. disproportionately greater than the term implies Allegory: Narrative using sustained metaphor. Alleotheta: Substituting one thing for another. Inversions Allusion: Indirect reference. 16. Rhetorical Question: Asking a question for a purpose other Alliteration: Repetition of same initial sound. than to get an answer Ambage: See Periphrasis. I7. Irony: Use of terms to convey a meaning opposite of the Amphibology: Ambiguity in grammar. terms’ literal meaning Amphilogy: Circumlocution to avoid harm to oneself. 18. Oxymoron: Placing two opposing terms side by side Ampliatio: Using a name where it is not defined. 19. Paradox: Contradictory phrase that contains some measure Amplificatio: General enhancement of an argument. of truth Anabasis: Stepwise increase in emphasis. SCHEMES Anacephalaeosis: Summary of known facts. Balance Anacoenosis: Asking opinion of audience to gain 20. Parallelism: Similarity in structure between words and agreement. phrases Anacoloutha: Non-reciprocal word substitution. 21. Antithesis: Juxtaposing two contradictory ideas Anacoluthon: Ending a sentence different to 22. Climax: Ordering words and phrases in order of increasing expectation. importance Anacrusis: Unstressed syllables at the start. Word Order Anadiplosis: Repeating last word at start of next 23. Anastrophe: Inversion of natural speaking word order sentence. 24. Parenthesis: Insertion of terms or phrases that interrupt Analogy: A is like B. Using one thing to describe the natural syntactical flow another. 25. Apposition: Addition of words to clarify or elaborate what Anamnesis: Emotional recall. came before Anangeon: Justification based on necessity. Anaphora: Repeating initial words. Omission/Inclusion Anapodoton: Omitting clause for deliberate effect. 26. Ellipsis: Omission of words implied by context 27. Asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions between lauses Anastrophe: Changing normal word order. 28. Brachylogia: Omission of conjunctions between a series of Anesis: Adding a conclusion that reduces what was words said. 29. Polysyndeton: An overabundance of conjunctions Antanaclasis: Repeating same word, with meaning Repetition change. 30. Alliteration: Repetition of consonants in two or more words Antanagoge: Being positive about something negative. 31. Assonance: Repetition of similar vowel sounds Anthimeria: Substituting one part of speech for 32. Polyptoton: Repetition of words derived from the same root another. 33. Antanaclasis: Repetition of a word used with more than Antilogy: See Antanaclasis. one meaning Antimetabole: repeating clause, reversing word order. 34. Anaphora: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the Anthypophora: Asking then answering your own beginning of successive clauses 35. Epistrophe: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the questions. Antiphrasis: Using words in contrary sense for irony. Enallage: Substituting one item for another. Antiptosis: Two logical, but contradicting, arguments. Enjambment: Breaking a phrase at an odd point. Antirhesis: Rejecting bad argument. Enumeratio: Breaking down and detailing a subject. Antisthecon: Replacing one word element. Epanalepsis: Repeating the same phrase at start and Antistrophe: Repeating the final word in successive end. phrases. Epanados: Repeating words in the reverse order. Antithesis: Contrasting with opposite. Epanorthosis: In-sentence correction. Antonomasia: Naming a person with other than their Epenthesis: Adding letters to the middle of a word. given name. Epistrophe: Repetition of the same final word or Apcope: Omitting letters from the end of a word. phrase. Aphaeresis: Omitting letters from the start of a word. Epitrope: Conceding in order to gain. Aphorismus: Questioning the meaning of a word. Epizeuxis: Repetition of a word with vehemence. Apophasis: Talking about something without Erotema: Rhetorical question. mentioning it. Ethopoeia: Putting oneself in the position of another. Aporia: Feigned doubt. Euche: Expressing emotion through prayer. Aposiopesis: Not completing a sentence. Euphemism: Substituting offensive words with gentle Apostrophe: An 'aside', to others. ones. Apposition: Layered meaning. Eusystolism: Use of initials to avoid speaking harsh Archaism: Using out-of-date language. words. Assonance: Repeating the same vowel sound. Exemplum: Using examples (real or fictitious). Asterismos: Adding a word to emphasize following Exergasia: Restating a point in different words. words. Extraposition: Putting a subject at a later position than Asyndeton: Omitting conjunctions. normal. Aureation: The use of fancy words. Fictio: Attributing of human traits to creatures. Autoclesis: introducing an item by refusing to discuss Glossolalia: Fabricated, meaningless speech. it. Gradation: See Climax. Auxesis: Enhancement of importance. Hendiadys: Two words, connected by conjunction. Bdelygmia: Expression of contempt or hatred. Heterosis: Changing the form of the verb. Bomphiologia: Bombastic, bragging speech. Homoioteleuton: similar endings in adjacent or Brachyology: Condensed expression. parallel words. Brevitas: Concise expression. Homophone: Different words that sound the same. Cacemphaton: Deliberately ill-sounding expression. Hypallage: Reversing syntactical relationship. Cacophony: Harsh combination of words. Hyperbaton: Separating words that belong together. Catabasis: Steadily decreasing emphasis. Hyperbole: Deliberate over-exaggeration. Catachresis: Using words incorrectly. Hypocatastasis: Implied comparison. Cataphora: Using a word to refer to a word used later. Hypocorism: Use of pet names, diminutives, baby talk. Categoria: Directly exposing another's faults. Hypophora: see Anthypophora. Chiasmus: Two phrases, with reversal in second. Hypotaxis: Subordination of clauses to show Cledonism: Circumlocution to avoid saying unlucky relationships. words. Hypozeuxis: Every clause having its own subject and Climax: Words ordered in ascending power. verb. Congeries: see Accumulatio. Hysteron proteron: Reversing temporal sequence to Consonance: Repeating consonant sounds. put key things first. Correctio: Correction to revise meaning. Illeism: Referring to oneself in the third person. Crasis: Contraction of two vowels into a longer sound. Inclusio: Bracketing a passage with the same words. Diacope: Repeating word after one or two other Innuendo: Oblique allusion. words. Irony: Saying something by using its opposite. Diallage: Multiple arguments to establish a single Isocolon: Phrases with multiple similarities. point. Kenning: Replacing noun with circumlocutory Distinctio: Describing something by saying what it is mythologising. not. Kolakeia: Flattery to distract from unwanted Dubitatio: See Aporia. elements. Dysphemism: Substituting a mild word with a stronger Litotes: Denying the contrary of what it being one. affirmed. Dysrhythmia: Breaking of a rhythmic pattern. Malapropism: replacing a word with one that sounds Dystmesis: Inserting one word into the middle of similar. another. Meiosis: Understatement for emphasis or effect. Ecphonesis: Short exclamation. Merism: Combining words for meaning beyond Ellipsis: omission of words that would make a normal combination. sentence explicit. Merismos: Complete description or reference. Metalepsis: Referencing something through a weakly Spoonerism: Interchange of initial letters of two associated item. words. Metaphor: A is B. Using one thing to describe another. Subreption: Phrasing words to misrepresent and Metaplasmus: Deliberate misspelling. conceling facts. Metathesis: Rearranging letters in a word. Syllepsis: See Zeugma. Metonymy: Using one item to represent another. Symploce: Simultaneous use of anaphora and Narratio: Presenting essential facts. epistrophe Nosism: Referring to oneself in the plural. Synaloepha: Omitting one vowel to combine two Oeonismos: Expressing emotion through wishing or words. hoping. Synchysis: Confused arrangement of words. Optatio: Exclaiming a wish. Syncope: Shortening word by omitting middle Oxymoron: Adjacent words that seem to contradict segment. one another. Syndeton: Use of conjunctions. Parachesis: Repeating the same sound in successive Synecdoche: Understanding one thing with another. words. Synesis: Unifying things. Paradeigma: Listing examples to create generalization. Synizesis: Successively sounded vowels. Paradiastole: Portraying a vice as a virtue. Synonymia: Repeating synonyms for amplification. Paradox: Seeming contradiction. Tapinosis: Downplaying and reducing something. Paraeneticon: Expressing emotion through Tautology: Repeating meaning, unnecessarily. exhortation. Tmesis: Inserting a word in the middle of another. Paralipsis: Emphasis by obvious omission. Transumptio: See Metalepsis. Parallelism: Repeated patterns in a sentence. Tricolon: Three components, increasing power. Paraprosdokian: Surprising ending. Zeugma: Two words linked to another, only one Parataxis: Successive independent clauses. appropriately. Paregmenon: Repetition of words of the same root. Parenthesis: Nesting sentences. Parisology: Deliberate use of ambiguous words. Parison: Matching patterns across structures. Parisosis: Same number of syllables in a clause. Paroemion: Excessive alliteration. Paromoiosis. Similar sounds across two clauses. Paronomasia: Using similarly sounding words. Parrhesia: Boldness of speech. Periphrasis: Roundabout wording. Perissologia: Excessive use of words. Personification: Giving an object human characteristics. Pleonasm: Using unnecessary words. Ploce: Repetition of a word whilst varying specificity. Polyptoton: Repetition of a word in different forms. Polysyndeton: Repeating conjunctions. Polyptoton: Repetition in different forms. Praecisio: Not speaking to get over the message. Praegnans constructio: See Brachyology. Praeteritio: Mentioning something that is against the rules. Procatalepsis: Answering objections in advance. Prolepsis: Anticipation of action. Proparalepsis: Adding letters to the end of a word. Prosthesis: Prefixing letters to the beginning of a word. Proverb: An encapsulated and unquestioned wisdom. Psittacism: parrot-like repetition. Pun: A play on words. Repetitio: Repeating a single word. Rhyme: Repeating sounds at end of words. Scesis onamaton: Omitting the only verb. Sententia: Quoting wisdom to create truth. Simile: Explicit comparison between two things.