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Lecture08 P2
Lecture08 P2
531-532)
13. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca
shown in the figure below; at point a, T=200 K. (a) How many moles
of gas are in the sample? What are (b) the temperature of the gas
at point b, (c) the temperature of the gas at point c, and (d) the
net energy added to the gas as heat during the cycle?
E Q W
W: work done by the system.
Q W
1
W ( pb pc )(Vb Va )
2
1
W 5000.0 2 5 10 (J)
3
2
14. In the temperature range 310 K to 330 K, the pressure p of a
certain nonideal gas is related to volume V and temperature T by:
2
T 2 T
p (24.9 J / K ) (0.00662 J / K )
V V
How much work is done by the gas if its temperature is raised from
315 K to 330 K while the pressure is held constant?
3RT 3RT
vrms
M mN A
3 8.31 2 106
vrms 31
9.5 10 6
(m/s)
9.1110 6.023 10 23
20. Calculate the rms speed of helium atoms at 1000 K, the molar
mass of helium atoms is 4.0026 g/mol.
3RT 3 8.311000
vrms 3
2.5 10 3
(m/s)
M 4.0026 10
24. At 273 K and 1.0 x 10-2 atm, the density of a gas is 1.24 x
10-5 g/cm3. (a) Find vrms for the gas molecules. (b) Find the molar
mass of the gas and (c) identify the gas (hint: see Table 19-1).
Assumptions:
+ Our molecule is traveling with a
constant speed v and all the other
molecules are at rest.
+ All molecules are spheres of diameter
d a collision occurs as the centers of 2
molecules come within a distance d.
= 1 collision
. = 1 collision
d
3rd collision
1st collision
d 2nd collision
Equivalent problem
2d
The number of collisions = the number molecules lie in a cylinder of
length vt and cross-sectional area d2
If all the molecules are moving:
1
N
2d 2
V
Using the equation of state: pV = NkT
kT
2d 2 p
0 P(v)dv 1
The fraction of molecules with speeds from v1 to v2:
frac P(v)dv
v2
v1
Average, RMS, and Most Probable Speeds
The average speed: v 0 vP(v)dv (2)
3RT
v
2
M
The root-mean-square speed: 3RT
vrms v 2
M
The most probable speed is the speed at which P(v) is maximum:
dP(v)
0
dv
2 RT
vP
M
3.3.2. The barometric distribution law:
This law gives the number density (h), i.e. number of molecules per
unit volume, of an ideal gas of uniform temperature T as a function
of height h in the field of the Earth’s gravity.
mg ( h h0 ) / kT
(h) (h0 )e
where h0 is an arbitrary fixed reference height; m is the mass of a
molecule.
nasa.gov
Abell 1982
Homework: 25, 28, 32, 33, 40 (pages 532)