Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/11 May/June 2019

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International Advanced Level
FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/11

Paper 1 May/June 2019
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2019 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and
some Cambridge O Level components.
This document consists of 20 printed pages.
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over

9231/11 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
© UCLES 2019 Page 2 of 20

PUBLISHED
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

PUBLISHED
Mark Scheme Notes
The following notes are intended to aid interpretation of mark schemes in general, but individual mark schemes may include marks awarded for
specific reasons outside the scope of these notes.
Types of mark
M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors
in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula;
the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct
application of a formula without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a
correct answer.
A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the
associated method mark is earned (or implied).
B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.
Abbreviations
AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no “follow through” from a previous error is allowed)
CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working
SOI Seen or implied
SC Special Case (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be
varied in the light of a particular circumstance)

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance
1(i) dy dy M1 A1 Differentiates implicitly once.

= 1⇒ = − ( sin y )
−1
− sin y
dx dx
d2 y  dy   dy 
2 M1 A1 Differentiates again, AG.
= ( sin y ) cos y   = − cot y  
−2
2
d x  dx   dx 
1(ii) dy  π
−1
2 B1
= −  sin  = −
dx  3 3
d2 y 1  2  4
2
4 B1 AEF, must be exact.
2
=− −  =− =− 3
d x 3 3 3 3 9

PUBLISHED
2(i)  1 1 M1 Uses formulae for cos P ± cos Q.

4sin  n −  sin
 2  2 2 ( cos ( n − 1) − cos n )
=
cos ( 2n − 1) + cos1 2cos n cos ( n − 1)
1 1 A1 AG
−
cos n cos ( n − 1)
2(ii)  1 1 M1 Applies (i), shows enough terms and cancelation.

N 4sin  n −  sin N
1 1
∑ 
∑ cos n − cos ( n − 1)
2 2
=
n =1
cos ( 2n − 1) + cos1 n =1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= − + − + …+ −
cos1 1 cos 2 cos1 cos N cos ( N − 1)
1 A1
−1 +
cos N
2(iii) cos N oscillates as N → ∞ so u1 + u 2 + u 3 + … does not converge. B1 States “oscillates” or refers to diverging values of cos N .

PUBLISHED
JJJG
3 6 + λ   4   −2 − λ  M1 A1 Finds PQ .
JJJG   JJJG   JJJG  
OP =  2 + λ  , OQ =  4 − 6 µ  ⇒ PQ =  2 − λ − 6 µ 
     
 7   µ   −7 + µ 
JJJG
˙ M1 Uses that dot product of PQ with line directions is 0 .
 −2 − λ  1  JJJG
   Or, alternatively, PQ is multiple of common perpendicular.
 2 − λ − 6µ  1  = 0
  
 −7 + µ  0 
 −2 − λ  i j k 1
   
Or  2 − λ − 6 µ  = k 1 1 0 = k  −1 
   
 −7 + µ  0 −6 1  −6 
−2λ − 6µ = 0 A1 Deduces one equation. CWO.
˙ A1 Deduces second equation. CWO.

 −2 − λ  0 
  
 2 − λ − 6µ  −6  = 0 ⇒ 6λ + 37 µ = 19
  
 −7 + µ  1 
λ = −3, µ = 1 M1 A1 Solves simultaneous equations.

JJJG JJJG
3  4 A1 States OP and OQ .
JJJG   JJJG  
OP =  −1 , OQ =  −2 
7 1
   

PUBLISHED
4(i) 1
1 3 1 1 M1 A1 Must show working, AG.
∫ x 2 e x dx = e x  = ( e − 1)
3
0
3  0 3
4(ii) 1
1
1
3 
1
n − 2 n − 3 x3 M1 A1 Integrates by parts.
∫ ∫
3
I n = x n − 2 x 2 e x dx =  x n − 2 e x  − x e dx
0 3 0 3 0
e n−2 A1 AG
− I n − 3 ⇒ 3I n = e − ( n − 2 ) I n − 3
3 3
4(iii) 1 1 1 M1 A1 Applies reduction formula once and uses (i).

I5 = ( e − 3I 2 ) = ( e − e + 1) =
3 3 3
1 1 A1 Must be exact.
I8 = ( e − 6I5 ) = ( e − 2 ) .
3 3

PUBLISHED
5(i) t
dx −2 e − e
=
( −t
) B1
( )
2
dt et + e − t
( ) ( ) = ( 2e )( 2e ) = B1
2 2 2
dy e t + e − t − et − e − t t −t
4  et − e − t 
= Differentiates and simplifies. Accept 1 −  t −t 
.
dt
(
et + e − t
2
) (e + e ) (et −t 2 t
+ e−t )
2
e +e 
( ) ( ) M1 A1
2 2 2 2
2
 dx   dy 
2 4 et − e− t + 16 4 et + e −t  dx   dy 
Attempt at writing   +   as a square.
  +  = =  dt   dt 
( ) ( )
4 4
 dt   dt  et + e − t et + e − t
1
 et − e − t   2  et − e − t
1 A1 Uses correct formula, simplifies to AG.
S = 2π  t∫    d t = 4π dt ∫
0
e + e − t   et + e − t  t
0 e +e
−t 2
( )
5
5(ii) e + e −1
e + e −1
M1 A1 Applies given substitution.
∫ u du = 4π  −u −1 
−2
S = 4π
2
2
1 1  A1 AEF, must be exact.

= 4π  − −1 
.
2 e+e 

PUBLISHED
6(i) y = ( y + 1) M1 Obtains an equation in y not involving radicals.

3
y = y3 + 3 y 2 + 3 y + 1 ⇒ y3 + 3 y 2 + 2 y + 1 = 0 A1 AG
S 3 = −3 B1
6(ii) α 3 β 3 + β 3γ 3 + α 3γ 3 2 M1 A1
S −3 = = = −2
α 3 β 3γ 3 −1
6(iii) S6 = ( −3) − 2 ( 2 ) = 5 M1 A1 Uses ( ∑ α )2 = ∑ α 2 + 2

∑αβ . AG.
2
α ≠β
S9 = −3S6 − 2 S3 − 3 = −3 ( 5 ) − 2 ( −3) − 3 = −12 M1 A1 Sums y 3 − 3 y 2 + 2 y − 1 = 0 for y = α 3 , β 3 , γ 3 .

PUBLISHED
7 10u 2 + 3u − 1 = 0 ⇒ ( 2u + 1)( 5u − 1) = 0 M1 Axillary equation
1
− t
1
t A1
CF: x = Ae 2 + Be 5
¨ M1 Forms PI and differentiates.

PI: x = p + qt ⇒ x = q ⇒ x = 0
3q − p − qt = t + 2 ⇒ q = −1, p = −5. M1 A1 Substitutes.
1
− t
1
t A1 States general solution.
GS: x = Ae 2 + Be 5 −t −5
1 − t 1
1
t
1 M1 Differentiates.
x = − Ae 2 + Be 5 − 1
2 5
A+ B =5 M1 Forms simultaneous equations.

1 1
− A + B =1
2 5
A = 0, B = 5 A1
1
t A1 States PS.
x = 5e 5 − t − 5
10

PUBLISHED
8(i) z1 − 1 B1 Shows base case.

1=
z −1
So true when n = 1 .
zk −1 B1 States inductive hypothesis.

Assume that 1 + z + …+ z k −1 =
z −1
Then M1 A1 Combines fractions.

z − 1 k z − 1 + z ( z − 1) z − 1
k k k k +1
1 + z + … + z k −1 + z k = +z = = ,
z −1 z −1 z −1
so true when n = k + 1
H k → H k +1 Hence, by induction, true for all positive integers. A1 States conclusion.

PUBLISHED
8(ii) ∞
−1 B1 States z < 1 and uses formula for sum to infinity of
Since z < 1 , ∑z
m =0
m
=
z −1 geometric progression.
  M1 A1 Uses de Moivre’s theorem.

∞
 ∞
  − 1 
∑ ∑
2− m sin mθ = Im  z m  = Im  
m =1  m =0   1 cos θ + i 1 sin θ − 1 
2 2 
 1 1   M1 Multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate.

 −  2 cos θ − 1 − i 2 sin θ  
Im    
 1 cos 2 θ − cos θ + 1 + 1 sin 2 θ 
4 4 
 
1 A1 States imaginary part, AG.

sin θ
2 2sin θ
=
− cos θ 5 − 4cos θ
5
4

PUBLISHED
9(i) A 2e = A ( Ae ) = λ Ae = λ 2e M1 A1 AG
9(ii) Eigenvalues of A are n, 2 n and 3n . B1
i j k  −3n   1  M1 A1 Uses vector product (or equations) to find corresponding

λ = n : e1 = 0 1 3 =  0  = t  0  eigenvectors.
0 n 0  0   0 
i j k  n  1 A1
 
λ = 2n : e 2 = −n 1 3 =  n 2  = t  n 
0 0 n  0   0 
i j k  3n   3  A1
 
λ = 3n : e3 = −2n 1 3 =  0  = t  0 
0 − n 0  2n 2   2n 
Eigenvalues of A + nI are 2 n, 3n and 4n B1
 ( 2n )2 0 0  M1 A1 Or correctly matched permutations of columns.

1 1 3   
 
Thus P =  0 n 0  and D =  0 ( 3n )2 0 
 0 0 2n   
( 4n ) 
2
   0 0


PUBLISHED
10(i) x = −5 and y = a B1 B1
10(ii) x 2 + ( a + 10 ) x + 5a + 26 = ( x + 5 )( x + a + 5 ) + 1 M1 By inspection or long division.
oblique asymptote is y = x + a + 5 A1
10(iii) x 2 + 10 x + 5a + 26 = 0 M1 Puts y –values equal and forms quadratic equation.
102 − 4 ( 5a + 26 ) = −4 − 20a < 0 so no intersection point A1 Correct discriminant and conclusion.
10(iv) ( x + 5 )( 2 x + a + 10 ) − x 2 − ax − 10 x − 5a − 26 = 0 M1 Differentiates and forms quadratic equation.
x 2 + 10 x + 24 = 0 A1
Stationary points are ( −4, a + 2 ) and ( −6, a − 2 ) A1 Must have both points.

PUBLISHED
10(v) B1 Asymptotes drawn, intersection correct.
B1 C1 correct.
B1 C2 correct.

PUBLISHED
11E(i) 1 M1 Uses x = r cosθ .

x = 2θ 2 cosθ
d 
1
  1 1 −
1
 M1 A1 Sets derivative of r cosθ equal to zero.
 2θ 2 cosθ  = 2  −θ 2 sin θ + θ 2 cosθ  = 0
dθ    2 
1
1 −
1 A1 AG
−θ 2 sin θ + θ 2 cos θ = 0 ⇒ cos θ = 2θ sin θ ⇒ 2θ tan θ = 1
2
2 ( 0.6 ) tan ( 0.6 ) − 1 = −0.179 and 2 ( 0.7 ) tan ( 0.7 ) − 1 = 0.179 B1 Shows sign change.

PUBLISHED
11E(ii) 1 M1 A1 Finds value of θ .

( )
2θ = θ sec 2 θ ⇒ θ 2 secθ − 2 = 0 ⇒ θ =
π
4
11E(iii) B1 Correct shape.
B1 Intersection correct.

PUBLISHED
11E(iv) π π π M1 Forms correct integral.

4 4 4
∫( )
1 1 1
20∫ 20 ∫
2θ dθ − θ sec 2 θ dθ = θ 2 − sec 2 θ dθ
20
π M1 A1 Integrates by parts.
π 4
1 1
θ ( 2θ − tan θ )  04 − ∫( 2θ − tan θ ) dθ
2 20
1 π
1
π A1
θ ( 2θ − tan θ )  04 − θ 2 + ln cos θ  4

2 2 0
π  π  1  π  1
2
 1 π π  A1 AEF, must be exact.
 − 1 −    + ln 2  = ln 2 +  − 1 .
8  2  2  4  2  4 84 
11O(i)(a)  −1 2 3 4   −1 2 3 4  M1A1 Reduces M or M T to echelon form.

   
 1 0 1 −1 → " →  0 2 4 3 
 1 −2 −3 a  0 0 0 a + 4
   
1 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 
v1 v2 v3 v4 v1 ' v2 ' v3 ' v4 '
dimV = rank = 3 . A1
c1v1 '+ c2 v2 '+ c3v4 ' = 0 ⇒ c1 = c2 = c3 = 0 M1 Shows v1 ', v2 ', v4 ' are linearly independent.
Thus v1 , v2 , v4 are linearly independent (and so form a basis for V ). A1

PUBLISHED
11O(i)(b)  −1 2 4 x  −1 2 4 x  M1 A1 x = −α + 2β + 4γ
    y =α −γ
 1 0 −1 y
→" →  0 2 3 y + x
 1 −2 a   Uses row operations or z = α − 2β + aγ
z 0 0 a+4 z + x
    t = α + 2 β + 2γ
1 2 2 t 0 4 6 t+x
System is consistent when t + x = 2 ( y + x ) ⇒ x + 2 y = t M1 A1 AG

Or ( −α + 2β + 4γ ) + 2 (α − γ ) = α + 2 β + 2γ = t
11O(ii) − x + 2 y + 3 z + 4t = 0 M1 Finds basis for null space.

2 y + 4 z + 3t = 0
3 A1
t = µ , z = λ , y = −2λ − µ , x = −λ + µ
2
 −1   2   A1 AEF
    
 −2 −3 
A basis is   ,    = {e1 , e 2 }
 1   0  
 0   2  
 
 1   −1 1 B1 Finds particular solution.

     
0 1 0
M   =   so particular solution is e =  
 0  1   0
     
 0  1   0
General solution is x = e + λe1 + µe 2 A1 FT Accept their basis. Must have correct particular solution.

Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/11 May/June 2019

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Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/11 May/June 2019

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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/11

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

© UCLES 2019 [Turn over

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

© UCLES 2019 Page 2 of 20

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

© UCLES 2019 Page 3 of 20

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen or implied

© UCLES 2019 Page 4 of 20

1(i) dy dy M1 A1 Differentiates implicitly once.

© UCLES 2019 Page 5 of 20

2(i)  1 1 M1 Uses formulae for cos P ± cos Q.

2(ii)  1 1 M1 Applies (i), shows enough terms and cancelation.

© UCLES 2019 Page 6 of 20

−2λ − 6µ = 0 A1 Deduces one equation. CWO.

˙ A1 Deduces second equation. CWO.

λ = −3, µ = 1 M1 A1 Solves simultaneous equations.

© UCLES 2019 Page 7 of 20

4(iii) 1 1 1 M1 A1 Applies reduction formula once and uses (i).

© UCLES 2019 Page 8 of 20

1 1  A1 AEF, must be exact.

© UCLES 2019 Page 9 of 20

6(i) y = ( y + 1) M1 Obtains an equation in y not involving radicals.

6(iii) S6 = ( −3) − 2 ( 2 ) = 5 M1 A1 Uses ( ∑ α )2 = ∑ α 2 + 2

S9 = −3S6 − 2 S3 − 3 = −3 ( 5 ) − 2 ( −3) − 3 = −12 M1 A1 Sums y 3 − 3 y 2 + 2 y − 1 = 0 for y = α 3 , β 3 , γ 3 .

© UCLES 2019 Page 10 of 20

7 10u 2 + 3u − 1 = 0 ⇒ ( 2u + 1)( 5u − 1) = 0 M1 Axillary equation

¨ M1 Forms PI and differentiates.

3q − p − qt = t + 2 ⇒ q = −1, p = −5. M1 A1 Substitutes.

A+ B =5 M1 Forms simultaneous equations.

© UCLES 2019 Page 11 of 20

8(i) z1 − 1 B1 Shows base case.

zk −1 B1 States inductive hypothesis.

Then M1 A1 Combines fractions.

H k → H k +1 Hence, by induction, true for all positive integers. A1 States conclusion.

© UCLES 2019 Page 12 of 20

  M1 A1 Uses de Moivre’s theorem.

 1 1   M1 Multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate.

1 A1 States imaginary part, AG.

© UCLES 2019 Page 13 of 20

9(ii) Eigenvalues of A are n, 2 n and 3n . B1

i j k  −3n   1  M1 A1 Uses vector product (or equations) to find corresponding

Eigenvalues of A + nI are 2 n, 3n and 4n B1

 ( 2n )2 0 0  M1 A1 Or correctly matched permutations of columns.

© UCLES 2019 Page 14 of 20

10(ii) x 2 + ( a + 10 ) x + 5a + 26 = ( x + 5 )( x + a + 5 ) + 1 M1 By inspection or long division.

10(iii) x 2 + 10 x + 5a + 26 = 0 M1 Puts y –values equal and forms quadratic equation.

102 − 4 ( 5a + 26 ) = −4 − 20a < 0 so no intersection point A1 Correct discriminant and conclusion.

10(iv) ( x + 5 )( 2 x + a + 10 ) − x 2 − ax − 10 x − 5a − 26 = 0 M1 Differentiates and forms quadratic equation.

© UCLES 2019 Page 15 of 20

10(v) B1 Asymptotes drawn, intersection correct.

© UCLES 2019 Page 16 of 20