GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

De La Salle Lipa LAB ACTIVITY 2

Senior High School
STEM LAB REPORT RUBRIC

NAME(S):___________________________________________________________DATE SUBMITTED: _______

TEACHER:___________________________________________________________ SECTION: ______________
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: _______________________________________________________________________

LABORATORY REPORT EVALUATION FORM

Teacher Criteria
Teacher 0 – 10 INTRODUCTION
_________ The introduction includes scientific concepts being
studied, background information about the concepts,
and the objectives of the lab activity.

0 - 67 Appropriate presentation of DATA and

_________ OBSERVATIONS including graphs(s), chart(s),
drawing(s), etc. Accuracy of data.
0 - 20 Relevant and comprehensive discussion of results.
_________ The results are interpreted correctly. Presents a
coherent, well-structured explanation that
accounts for the results or findings of the
experiment, making links between the evidence
obtained and existing knowledge. Cites relevant
references correctly.
0-18 Post-lab questions are answered correctly and
_________ completely.

0-5 Clear and concise CONCLUSIONS. Conclusion

_________ addresses problem and states knowledge gained.
Answers to all QUESTIONS.
0-5 Overall – NEATNESS, GRAMMAR, adheres to
_________ FORMAT, etc.

0-5 Documentation
_________ All procedures are documented. Organized.
Images/photos are provided with captions.
0 - 10 Punctuality
_________ The laboratory report is submitted on time.

______/130 _______ Total Points = Lab Grade _______

Comments:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
 De La Salle Lipa
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
LAB ACTIVITY 2
Senior High School
STEM PRE-LAB REPORT

NAME(S):________________________________________________________ DATE: ___________________

TEACHER:________________________________________________________ SECTION: _________________

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2:
KNOWING THE UNKNOWN: DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES

I. OBJECTIVES:
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________

II. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

A. Materials
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
B. Reagents
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

III. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM/FLOWCHART OF PROCEDURE

 GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
De La Salle Lipa LAB ACTIVITY 2
Senior High School
STEM

NAME(S):________________________________________________________ DATE: ___________________

TEACHER:________________________________________________________ SECTION: _________________
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2:
KNOWING THE UNKNOWN: DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES

INTRODUCTION
The density of a sample of matter represents the mass contained within a unit volume of space in the
sample. For most samples, a “unit volume” generally means 1.0mL. The units of density, therefore, are
generally quoted in terms of g/mL or g/cm3 for liquids and solids respectively.
Since we seldom deal with exactly 1.0mL of the substance in the chemistry laboratory, we usually
say that the density of a sample represents the mass of the sample divided by its volume
Density = mass
volume
Densities are usually determined and reported at 20oC because the volume a sample (and hence
the density) will change with the temperature.
Density is often used as a point of identification in the determination of unknown substance. It is very
unlikely that two substances would have the same density because it is an intrinsic property.
There are several techniques used for the determination of density. The method to be used will
depend on the type of sample, and on the precision desired for the measurement. For example, the density
of urine is commonly determined during a routine urinalysis, and specialty devices have been constructed for
such determinations that permit quick, reliable routine determination. In general, however, a density
determination will involve the determination of the mass of the sample with a balance, the method used to
determine the volume of the sample will differ from situation to situation. Several methods of volume
determination are explored in this experiment.

OBJECTIVES
1. To report mass and volume readings according to the precision of measuring instrument used.
2. To determine the densities of different samples and record them with the correct number of
significant figures.
3. To identify a given unknown sample by relating the computed experimental density with the known
densities given in the reference table.

MATERIALS
10 ml and 100 ml graduated cylinders, watch glass, platform balance, metric ruler, metal block
sample, pebbles, distilled water, regular and diet soda of same brand

REAGENT
Liquid samples (to be provided by the lab instructor)

PROCEDURE
I. Comparing the densities of regular and diet sodas

A. 1. Fill a 500-mL beaker with at least three quarters water. Mark the water level using a marker
(V1). Place an unopened can of regular soda into the beaker. Mark the new water level
(V2).Record observations.
2. Place an unopened can of the diet variety of the same soda in the same container having the
same amount of water as V1. Mark the water level as V3. Record observations.

B. 1. Weigh separately two clean and dry 10-ml graduated cylinders using the same platform
 balance. Record this mass as M1 diet and M1 regular.
2. Fill one cylinder with 10 mL of regular soda and the other cylinder with 10 mL of diet soda.
Remove the bubbles or foam from them top of the liquid.
3. Weigh each graduated cylinder containing 10 mL soda using the platform balance and record
as M2.
4. Determine the densities of the regular and diet sodas and compare results.

II. DENSITIES OF LIQUID

A. Density of Water
Weigh a clean, dry 100-mL graduated cylinder. Add approximately 40 mL of water to the
graduated cylinder. Read the volume of the water according to the precision of the 100-mL graduate
cylinder. Determine the mass of water and its container. Compute the density of water in g/mL.

B. Density of unknown liquid

Get the unknown liquid sample from your instructor. Take note of the ID number of the liquid
sample then weigh a clean, dry 10 mL graduated cylinder. Pour approximately 5 mL of the liquid
sample into the graduated cylinder. Read the volume of the liquid according to the precision of the
10-mL graduated cylinder. Weigh the graduated cylinder together with the liquid sample.

Calculate the experimental density of your liquid sample. Compare it with the densities listed
in Table 1a below and identify your liquid sample. Check the correctness of your determination with
your instructor. Compute for % error.

% ERROR = / True or Known Value - Experimental Value/ x 100

True Value

Table 1a. Densities of liquid samples in g/mL

LIQUID DENSITY
(g/mL)
Petroleum ether 0.64
Oleic acid 0.895
Canola oil 0.92
Maple syrup 1.37
Honey 1.42

III. DENSITIES OF SOLIDS

A. Density of a Regular Solid
Get a block of metal and take note of its ID number. Using a metric ruler, measure the
length, width, and the thickness of the metal according to the precision of the metric ruler.
Compute for the volume of the regular solid. Weigh the block of wood or metal.
Calculate the experimental density of your regular solid sample. Compare it with the
densities listed in Table 1b below and identify your solid sample. Check the correctness of your
determination with your instructor. Compute for % error.

Table 1b. Density of solid metals in g/cm3.

SOLID DENSITY
(g/mL)
Aluminum 2.708
Lead 11.35
Copper 8.96
B. Density of an Irregular Solid
Weigh a clean dry watch glass. Place the pebbles or any irregular solid on the watch glass
and weigh. Fill a 100-mL graduated cylinder exactly with 25 ml water. Read the volume of water and
record it according to the precision of the cylinder used. Immerse the pebbles in water contained in
the graduated cylinder. Read the final volume. Compute for the density of the irregular solid in g/mL.
 GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
De La Salle Lipa LAB ACTIVITY 2
Senior High School DATA AND RESULTS
STEM

NAME(S):________________________________________________ DATE: ___________________

TEACHER:_______________________________________________ SECTION: ______________

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1:
KNOWING THE UNKNOWN: DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES
DATA AND RESULTS

I. Regular Vs. Diet Soda

Regular soda Diet soda

Observations on the unopened can of

soda when placed in the beaker with
water(1 pt each)
Mass of empty graduated cylinder
(M1) in g (1 pt each)

Mass of cylinder with 10 mL soda (M2)

in g (1 pt each)
Mass of 10 mL soda in g
(1 pt each)
Volume of soda in mL
(1 pt each)
Density of soda in g/mL
(2 pts each)

II. Determination of Densities of different liquid and solid samples

Water Unknown Regular Irregular

Liquid Solid Solid

Smallest measurement that can be made

using the platform balance (in g)
(1 pt each)
Mass of dry, empty cylinder, (M1 in g)
(1 pt each)
Mass of cylinder and liquid, (M2 in g)
(1 pt each)
Mass of sample, (M = M2 – M1 in g)
(1 pt each)
Smallest measurement that can be made
using the ruler (in cm) (1 pt each)
Length, (l in cm)
(1 pt each)
Width, (w in cm)
(1 pt each)
Height, (h in cm)
(1 pt each)
 Smallest measurement that can be made
using the graduated cylinder (in mL)
(1 pt each)
Volume of water in cylinder, (Vi) in mL
(1 pt each)
Volume of water in cylinder with the
irregular solid, (Vf) in mL
(1 pt each)
Volume of sample
Liquid sample, (V = Vf – Vi) in mL
Solid sample, (V = l x w x h) in cm3
(2 pts each)

Experimental density of Sample

( D = M / V) in g/mL or g/cm3
(2 pts each)
Known density of sample (from table)

Percentage Error
(2 pts each)
ID number of sample

Identity of sample
(3 pts each)

V. SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS: (5 pts)

VI. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

VII. POST LABORATORY QUESTIONS: (answers will be included in the scientific paper)

1. Explain the meaning of density as an intrinsic/intensive characteristic property of a substance. (2pts)

2. Why does diet soda float in water while regular soda sinks? DH2O = 1 g/cc (1 pt)

3. Will ice float or sink in regular soda? In diet soda? D ice = 0.92g/cc (2 pts)

4. Indicate the decimal place up to which you can report each of the following measured values:
a. Volume of a liquid in a 100-ml graduated cylinder (1 pt)
b. Volume of a liquid in a 10-ml graduated cylinder (1 pt)
c. The mass of a substance on a platform balance (1 pt)

5. What error would be introduced into the determination of the density of the regularly shaped solid if
the solid were hollow? Would the density be higher or lower? (2 pts)

6. What error would be introduced into the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped metal
pellets if you had not stirred/shaken the pellets to remove adhering air bubbles? Would the density
be higher or lower? (2 pts)

7. You calculated densities in this experiment using objects at room temperature (about 250C). How
would the density of liquids change if they were to be warmed to 500C before you did the
experiment? Would the density be greater or less than the density at 250C? Explain. (2 pts)

8. A miner discovered some yellow nuggets at the bottom of a shallow stream. They weighed 96.5 g
and had a volume of 5.00 mL. Were the nuggets gold or “fool’s gold” (pyrite)? The density of gold is
19.3 g/mL and that of pyrite is 5.00 g/mL at 200C. Show your calculations to justify your answer. (4
pts)

VIII. CONCLUSION