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Project Modification of Coke Discharge Chute at Battery-8&9
Project Modification of Coke Discharge Chute at Battery-8&9
ON
MODIFICATION OF COKE
DISCHARGE CHUTE# 8 & 9
COKE PLANT
TATA STEEL
PREPARED BY
RAHUL KUMAR
(VT20192461)
GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE
LUDHIANA
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
MR. AUROVINDA MOHANTY
MANAGER, (MAINTENANCE) BATTERY # 8 & 9,
IMMM , COKE PLANT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my gratitude in thanking Mr.
Aurovinda Mohanty , Manager ( Maintenance), Coke Plant Battery
No # 8 & 9 , who stood by me throughout my project period and despite
his busy schedule constantly assisted me in making things clear to me.
He boosted me and always encouraged me in going ahead and achieving
the desired results.
Thanking you,
RAHUL KUMAR
(VT20192461)
CERTIFICATE Of APPROVAL
CONTENT
Introduction of Tata Steel & Coke Plant
Main machines in coke plant
Conveyor belt
Types of conveyor
Coke handling circuit
CHUTE system
Automatic Discharge Chute system
CHUTES Preventive Maintenance Plans
Conclusion
Bibliography
Tata Steel completed 100 glorious years of existence on august 26, 2007 following the
ideals and philosophy laid down by its founder, Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata. The first
private sector steel plant which started with a production capacity of 1,00,000 tonnes
has transformed into a global giant.
It is ranked 401st in the 2012 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest
corporations. It is the eighth most-valuable Indian brand according to an annual survey
conducted by Brand Finance and The Economic Times in 2010.
By 1939 it operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire. The company launched
a major modernization and expansion program in 1951. Later, the program was
upgraded to 2 MTPA project. In 1990, it started expansion plan and established its
subsidiary Tata Inc. in New York. The company changed its name from TISCO to Tata
Steel in 2005.
Tata Steel plan to grow and globalize through organic and inorganic routes. Its 6.8
million tons per annum (MTPA) Jamshedpur Works plan to achieve 10MT capacity by
2010. The Company also has three Greenfield steel projects in the states of Jharkhand,
Orissa and Chhattisgarh proposed steel making facilities in Vietnam.
Tata Steel is a global player with a balanced presence in developed European and fast
growing Asian market and with a strong position in the construction, automotive and
packaging markets.
Its Jamshedpur steel works produce hot and cold rolled coils and sheets, galvanized
sheets, tubes, wire rods, construction rebars, rings and bearings. In an attempt to
‘decommodities’ steel, the Company has introduced several branded steel products,
including Tata Selenium (the world’s first branded Clod Rolled Steel), Tata Shaktee
(Galvanized Corrugated Sheets), Tata Tiscon (rebars), Tata Pipes, Tata Bearings, Tata
Structura, Tata Agrico (hand tools and implements) and Tata Wiron (galvanized wire
products). In the financial year 2006-07 revenue from the sale of these branded steel
products was 26% of the company’s sales revenues.
Tata Steel’s vision is to be the global steel industry benchmark for Value Creation and
Corporate Citizenship. Tata Steel is one of the few steel companies in the world that is
Economic Value Added (EVA) positive. It was ranked the "World's Best Steel Maker", for
the third time by World Steel Dynamics in its annual listing in February, 2006. Tata Steel
has been conferred the Prime Minister of India's Trophy for the Best Integrated Steel
Plant five times.
Tata Steel has created history by becoming the first integrated steel company in the
world to be awarded the coveted prize.
The award was notified today by the Deming Prize Committee instituted by the JUSE,
the apex body spearheading the quality movement. The formal award ceremony will
take place on November 14, 2012 in Tokyo.
Tata Steel's drive towards TQM resulted in several recognitions such as the Tata
Business Excellence Model Award, JRD QV Award and the Deming Application Prize.
This has enabled the company to address different phases of its business environment
and its growing aspirations.
Tata Steel has set a target of achieving an annual production capacity of 100 million
tons by 2015; it is planning for capacity expansion to be balanced roughly 50:50
between Greenfield developments and acquisitions. Overseas acquisitions have already
added an additional 21.4 million tonnes of capacity, including Corus (18.2 million
tonnes), NatSteel (2 million tonnes) and Millennium Steel (1.2 million tonnes). Tata
plans to add another 29 million tonnes of capacity through acquisitions. Major
Greenfield steel plant expansion projects planned by Tata Steel include:
An expansion of the capacity of its plant in Jharkhand, India from 6.8 to 10 million
A 5 million tonne per annum capacity plant in Chhattisgarh, India (Tata Steel
A 10.5 million tonne per annum capacity plant in Vietnam (feasibility studies are
underway); and
• BLENDING
• COAL PREPARATION
• WHARF MANAGEMENT
• SIZING OF COKE
Coke plant is an essential part of an integrated steel plant. Coking process consist of
heating of coal (pyrolysis) in absence of air at temperature ranging 950 0C to 12000C in
oven made up of refractory materials for 20 Hrs. The coal undergoes physical and
chemical changes producing volatile chemicals in the form of complex mixture of vapour
and gases. At the end of the process a hard porous mass remains, which is coke.
Quenching with water-cools the lump coke. The coke is further crushed and screened.
During carbonization about 23-25% (by weight) of the initial charges of the coal spews
out as mixed gases and vapours, which pass from oven to collecting mains. Byproducts
are recovered from these gases and vapours.
When coking coal heated in the absence of air they become plastic and soft over a
temperature range of 3100C to 5000C. The coal particle agglomerate into a coherent
mass, which swells and resolidifies to form a porous structure known as coke.
When coal is charged in the hot oven, the temperature of oven refractory wall being at
about 11000C to 15000C, the portion of the coal in immediate contact with hot wall is
heated very rapidly to a high temperature, a thin layer softens, becomes plastic and
melts. This layer of plastic material travels towards the centre of the oven and some of
the gaseous product force their way out of the plastic materials, as the temperature of
the charge is raised. On the wall side, the plastic layer hardens into a cellar residue and
the volatile matter left in the coke is driven of gradually as the temperature rises during
remainder of the coke period. Thus in an oven, during initial stage of coking, the coal
exists side by side in several phases, e.g. coke, semicoke, a plastic mass and granular
coal.
Oven:
Length 13760 mm
Height 4570 mm
Average Width 460 mm
(Ram side 450 mm, Middle 460 mm, Coke side 470 mm)
Oven Taper 20 mm
(From Ram side to Oven side)
Oven to Oven Centre Distance 1200 mm
Heating chamber:
Length 13760 mm
Height 4570 mm
Average Width 740 mm
(Ram side 750 mm, Middle 740 mm, Coke side 730 mm)
The Battery 8 and 9 of the TATA STEEL is the state of the art battery with world’s best
technology achieving the quality parameters of the world class coke as well as meeting
100% of the environmental norms. These are OTTO DESIGN, Stamp Charge battery
with 70 ovens in each battery. Its heating system is twin flue, under jet firing type,
double stage air, and compound ovens. It can be operated in B.F. (Blast Furnace)
Gas or C.O. (Coke Oven) Gas according to requirement. So it is called compound
ovens. The capacity of both the batteries combined is one million tons per annum.
Coal is carbonized in oven chamber by heat received form heating walls on both sides.
After coking time 20 hrs. , it turns into hard, porous cake of blast furnace use. Blended
coal is taken from coal bunkers to stamp charging and pushing machine and stamped
into a dense coal cake in stamping box and charged in empty oven through SCP
machine side door. Charging emission is eliminated using a CHARGING GAS
TRANSFER CAR with a help of HIGH PRESSURE LIQUOR ASPIRATION SYSTEM.
This is a unique feature of battery 8 and 9.
MAIN MACHINES IN
Stamp charging and pushing (SCP) machine is one of the most essential equipment for
any modern Coke Plant. Most of the operations of the Coke Plant are being done with
the help of this machine. The machine is electrically powered having electronics and
PLC control. The actual functions are carried out by mechanical components and
almost critical movements are by HYDAULIC SYSTEM.
Coal Hopper
Geared
Gear Motor
Box Operator’s
Cabin
Stamping
Unit Pusher Unit
Plate feeder Gear Diesel
Compressor Box Engine
Gear
Diesel Box
Engine Charging Hydraulic
Unit Unit
Long Travel
Gear Box
Spillage
Conveyor
Gear box
SCP machine is existed in Coke Plant to perform many functions. It takes crushed coal
from the coal tower, presses it to make a cake, charges them into the ovens and pushes
them finally to quenching car after some hours when coal is converted into the coke.
Between the processes, the machine is performing various important and critical
operations. Most of the operations are performed with the hydraulic system interfaced
with electrical and electronics. Automatic operation is performed with the help of PLC.
Interlocks are provided to avoid to wrong sequencing of the operation and also to save
the machine and the oven to get any type of damage. Operations performed by
hydraulic system have been explained along with their hydraulic circuit and their
functions.
Most of the operations are performed with the hydraulic system interfaced with electrical
and electronics. Automatic operation is performed with the help of PLC. Interlocks are
provided to avoid to wrong sequencing of the operation and also to save the machine
and the oven to get any type of damage. Operations performed by hydraulic system
have been explained along with their hydraulic circuit and their functions.
Most of the operations are performed with the hydraulic system interfaced with electrical
and electronics. Automatic operation is performed with the help of PLC. Interlocks are
provided to avoid to wrong sequencing of the operation and also to save the machine
and the oven to get any type of damage. Operations performed by hydraulic system
have been explained along with their hydraulic circuit and their functions
REVERSING SYSTEM
For uniform heating throughout the wall and recovery of heat contained in the waste gas
after combustion in the heating flue requires a regularly changing the direction of gas,
air and waste gas flow at a specific interval. Therefore, the reversal of the heating
system is must. The checker bricks absorb heat while the waste gas passes through it.
When heating with rich gas, the heat recovery medium is the air only. With lean gas
heating these media are lean gas and its combustion.
The hydraulic reversing winch actuates the reversing system. There are three cylinders
in the system. The top cylinder actuates the waste gas valves and air inlet flaps. The
bottom cylinder actuates the lean gas and the rich gas cocks. In case of power failure,
the system can be kept operative by back up nitrogen for time being and a hydraulic
hand pump is also provided with hydraulic power pack. Instead of the above, hand
winch systems are also provided for waste gas valves, air inlet flaps and gas cocks. The
reversing system does not depend upon the type of flue gas which is used for under
firing.
Conveyor system
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves
materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications
involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick
and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very
popular in the material handling and packaging industries. They also have popular
consumer applications, as they are often found in supermarkets and airports,
constituting the final leg of item/ bag delivery to customers. Many kinds of conveying
systems are available and are used according to the various needs of different
industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain conveyors
consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys
Conveyors are able to safely transport materials from one level to another, which when
done by human labor would be strenuous and expensive.
They can be installed almost anywhere, and are much safer than using a forklift or other
machine to move materials.
They can move loads of all shapes, sizes and weights. Also, many have advanced
safety features that help prevent accidents.
There are a variety of options available for running conveying systems, including the
hydraulic, mechanical and fully automated systems, which are equipped to fit individual
needs.
Conveyor systems are commonly used in many industries, including the Mining,
automotive, agricultural, computer, electronic, food processing, aerospace,
pharmaceutical, chemical, bottling and canning, print finishing and packaging. Although
a wide variety of materials can be conveyed, some of the most common include food
items such as beans and nuts, bottles and cans, automotive components, scrap metal,
pills and powders, wood and furniture and grain and animal feed. Many factors are
important in the accurate selection of a conveyor system. It is important to know how
the conveyor system will be used beforehand. Some individual areas that are helpful to
consider are the required conveyor operations, such as transportation, accumulation
and sorting, the material sizes, weights and shapes and where the loading and pickup
points need to be.
TYPE OF CONVEYOR BELT
Pneumatic conveyor systems
Every pneumatic system uses pipes or ducts called transportation lines that carry a
mixture of materials and a stream of air. These materials are free flowing powdery
materials like cement and fly ash. Products are moved through tubes by air pressure.
Pneumatic conveyors are either carrier systems or dilute-phase systems; carrier
systems simply push items from one entry point to one exit point, such as the money-
exchanging pneumatic tubes used at a bank drive-through window. Dilute-phase
systems use push-pull pressure to guide materials through various entry and exit points.
Air compressors or blowers can be used to generate the air flow. Three systems used to
generate high-velocity air stream are:
Suction or vacuum systems, utilizing a vacuum created in the pipeline to draw the
material with the surrounding air.The system operated at a low pressure, which is
practically 0.4–0.5 atm below atmosphere, and is utilized mainly in conveying light free
flowing materials.
Pressure-type systems, in which a positive pressure is used to push material from one
point to the next. The system is ideal for conveying material from one loading point to a
number of unloading points. It operates at a pressure of 6 atm and upwards.
The flexible conveyor is based on a conveyor beam in aluminum or stainless steel, with
low friction slide rails guiding a plastic multi-flexing chain. Products to be conveyed
travel directly on the conveyor, or on pallets/carriers. These conveyors can be worked
around obstacles and keep production lines flowing. They are made at varying levels
and can work in multiple environments. They are used in food packaging, case packing,
and pharmaceutical industries but also in retail stores such as Wal-Mart and Kmart.
Vertical conveyor - also commonly referred to as freight lifts and material lifts - are
conveyor systems used to raise or lower materials to different levels of a facility during
the handling process. Examples of these conveyors applied in the industrial assembly
process include transporting materials to different floors. While similar in look to freight
elevators, vertical conveyors are not equipped to transport people, only
materials.Vertical lift conveyors contain two adjacent, parallel conveyors for
simultaneous upward movement of adjacent surfaces of the parallel conveyors. One of
the conveyors normally has spaced apart flights (pans) for transporting bulk food
items.The dual conveyors rotate in opposite directions, but are operated from one gear
box to ensure equal belt speed. One of the conveyors is pivotally hinged to the other
conveyor for swinging the pivotally attached conveyor away from the remaining
conveyor for access to the facing surfaces of the parallel conveyors.[3] Vertical lift
conveyors can be manually or automatically loaded and controlled.[4] Almost all vertical
conveyors can be systematically integrated with horizontal conveyors, since both of
these conveyor systems work in tandem to create a cohesive material handling
assembly line.
In similarity to vertical conveyors, spiral conveyors raise and lower materials to different
levels of a facility. In contrast, spiral conveyors are able to transport material loads in a
continuous flow. Industries that require a higher output of materials - food and beverage,
retail case packaging, pharmaceuticals - typically incorporate these conveyors into their
systems over standard vertical conveyors due to their ability to facilitate high
throughput. Most spiral conveyors also have a lower angle of incline or decline (11
degrees or less) to prevent sliding and tumbling during operation.
Heavy Duty roller conveyors are used for moving items that are at least 500 pounds
(230 kg). This type of conveyor makes the handling of such heavy equipment/products
easier and more time effective. Many of the heavy duty roller conveyors can move as
fast as 75 feet per minute (23 m/min).
Other types of heavy duty roller conveyors are gravity roller conveyor, chain driven live
roller conveyor, pallet accumulation conveyor, multi-strand chain conveyor, and chain &
roller transfers.
Gravity roller conveyors are extremely easy to use and are used in many different types
of industries such as automotive and retail.
Chain driven live roller conveyors are used for single or bi-directional material handling.
Large heavy loads are moved by chain driven live roller conveyors.
Pallet accumulation conveyors are powered through a mechanical clutch. This is used
instead of individually powered and controlled sections of conveyors.
Multi-strand chain conveyors are used for double pitch roller chains. Products that can
not be moved on traditional roller conveyors can be moved by a multi-strand chain
conveyor.
Chain & roller conveyors are short runs of two or more strands of double pitch chain
conveyor built into a chain driven line roller conveyor. These pop up under the load and
move the load off of the conveyor
CHUTE
A chute is a vertical or inclined plane, channel, or passage through which objects are moved by
means of gravity. Chutes are in common use in tall buildings to allow the rapid transport of items from the
upper floors to a central location on one of the lower floors or basement. Chutes may be round, square or
where the coke is stored. The coke is transfer to the storage with the help of the conveyor
belt, where a person manually open the chute so that the coke can be discharge to the
locomotive just standing below the hopper chute .when the container is completely filled the
chute is closed and the coke goes to their respective blast furnace .
Since a person always have to be engage in the opening and closing of the chute, also
due to manual opening it is not safe. So we replace the manual chute with an automatic
discharge chute consist of a motor which is run by electricity .Also by installing an automatic
chute it makes it more safe for the person which control the chute. Moreover with the help of
the automatic chute we can also control it from control room which can be far away from the
actual place.
The benefits of our maintenance plan include optimized performance (your chute will
continue to perform at peak condition) and odor control. Our technicians will check trash
compactor equipment such as hoses, PLC panels, hook-ups, hoses, cycle times, photo
eyes, etc. and top off any necessary fluids. Keep in compliance, minimize down time
and lengthen the life of your equipment with a CHUTES Preventive Maintenance
Agreement. Many hospitals, hotels, and apartment complexes call us for help with odor
control, compactor repair, and compactor preventative maintenance. Whether you’re in
Maryland and you need chute or compactor maintenance, in Washington, Virginia, or
elsewhere, we can work out a plan to maintain and extend the life of your chute or
compactor.
MANUAL PROCESS, BEFORE PROJECT
(Problem at Sector Gate before)
(Project job under construction)
JOB COMPLETED, AFTER PROJECT WORK
CONCLUSION
Automatic discharge chute are the most vital requirement for sophisticated
equipment of modern plant. The main function of discharge chute is transfer coke from
storage to the locomotive for blast furnace. By installing this we can reduce the man
machine interaction which reduces the occurrence of any accident. Moreover it can be
control more easily.
This project will help us to know how we can do best with our chute system knowing
about its maintenance, working conditions, time base, how filtration is done along with
preventive maintenance. Thus, enhancement of its efficiencies of chute systems can be
achieved.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES
www.google.com
www.tatasteel.com