Electrical Machines (c) reduce cost

(Transformer) (d) reduce hysteresis loss.

1. A transformer transforms
(a) frequency 6. A transformer having 1000 primary
(b) voltage turns is connected to a 250-V a.c. supply.
For a
(c) current
secondary voltage of 400 V, the number
(d) voltage and current.
of secondary turns should be
(a) 1600
2. Which of the following is not a basic
(b) 250
element of a transformer ?
(c) 400
(a) core
(d) 1250
(b) primary winding
(c) secondary winding
7. The primary and secondary induced
(d) mutual flux.
e.m.fs. E1 and E2 in a two-winding
transformer are always
3. In an ideal transformer,
(a) equal in magnitude
(a) windings have no resistance
(b) antiphase with each other
(b) core has no losses
(c) in-phase with each other
(c) core has infinite permeability
(d) determined by load on transformer
(d) all of the above. secondary.

4. The main purpose of using core in a 8. A step-up transformer increases

transformer is to
(a) voltage
(a) decrease iron losses
(b) current
(b) prevent eddy current loss
(c) power
(c) eliminate magnetic hysteresis
(d) frequency.
(d) decrease reluctance of the common
magnetic circuit.
9. The primary and secondary windings of
an ordinary 2-winding transformer always
5. Transformer cores are laminated in have
order to
(a) different number of turns
(a) simplify its construction
(b) same size of copper wire
(b) minimise eddy current loss
(c) a common magnetic circuit
(d) separate magnetic circuits. (b) low voltage side is usually short
circuited

10. In a transformer, the leakage flux of
each winding is proportional to the
current in that winding because
(a) Ohm’s law applies to magnetic circuits
(b) leakage paths do not saturate
(c) the two windings are electrically
isolated
(c) any side is short circuited with
preference
(d) none of the above.
14. The equivalent resistance of the
primary of a transformer having K = 5
and R1 = 0.1 ohm

(d) mutual flux is confined to the core. when referred to secondary

becomes.......ohm.
(a) 0.5
11. In a two-winding transformer, the
e.m.f. per turn in secondary winding is (b) 0.02
always.......the induced e.m.f. power turn (c) 0.004
in primary. (d) 2.5
(a) equal to K times
(b) equal to 1/K times 15. A transformer has negative voltage
(c) equal to regulation when its load power factor is
(d) greater than. (a) zero
(b) unity
12. In relation to a transformer, the ratio (c) leading
20 : 1 indicates that (d) lagging.
(a) there are 20 turns on primary one turn
on secondary
16. The primary reason why open-circuit
(b) secondary voltage is 1/20th of test is performed on the low-voltage
primary voltage winding of the
(c) primary current is 20 times greater transformer is that it
than the secondary current.
(a) draws sufficiently large on-load
(d) for every 20 turns on primary, there is current for convenient reading
one turn on secondary.
(b) requires least voltage to perform the
test
13. In performing the short circuit test of (c) needs minimum power input
a transformer
(d) involves less core loss.
(a) high voltage side is usually short
circuited
17. No-load test on a transformer is
carried out to determine
(a) copper loss
(b) magnetising current
(c) magnetising current and no-load loss
(d) efficiency of the transformer.
18. The main purpose of performing
open-circuit test on a transformer is to
measure its
(a) Cu loss
(b) core loss
(c) total loss
(d) insulation resistance.
19. During short-circuit test, the iron loss
of a transformer is negligible because
(a) the entire input is just sufficient to
meet Cu losses only
(b) flux produced is a small fraction of the
normal flux
(c) iron core becomes fully saturated
(d) supply frequency is held constant.
20. The iron loss of a transformer at 400
Hz is 10 W. Assuming that eddy current
and hysteresis losses vary as the square
of flux density, the iron loss of the
transformer at rated voltage but at 50 Hz
would be....... watt.
(a) 80
(b) 640
(c) 1.25
(d) 100
21. In operating a 400 Hz transformer at
50 Hz
(a) only voltage is reduced in the same
proportion as the frequency
(b) only kVA rating is reduced in the same
proportion as the frequency
(c) both voltage and kVA rating are
reduced in the same proportion as the
frequency
(d) none of the above.
22. The voltage applied to the h.v. side of
a transformer during short-circuit test is
2% of its rated voltage. The core loss will
be.......percent of the rated core loss.
(a) 4
(b) 0.4
(c) 0.25
(d) 0.04
23. Transformers are rated in kVA instead
of kW because
(a) load power factor is often not known
(b) kVA is fixed whereas kW depends on
load p.f.
(c) total transformer loss depends on
voltampere
(d) it has become customary.
24. When a 400-Hz transformer is
operated at 50 Hz its kVA rating is
(a) reduced to 1/8
(b) increased 8 times
(c) unaffected
(d) increased 64 times. 29. The output current corresponding to
maximum efficiency for a transformer
having core loss of 100 W and equivalent
25. At relatively light loads, transformer
resistance referred to secondary of 0.25
efficiency is low because
Ω is ....... ampere.
(a) secondary output is low
(a) 20
(b) transformer losses are high
(b) 25
(c) fixed loss is high in proportion to the
(c) 5
output
(d) 400
(d) Cu loss is small.

30. The maximum efficiency of a 100-

26. A 200 kVA transformer has an iron
kVA transformer having iron loss of 900
loss of 1 kW and full-load Cu loss of 2kW.
kW and F.L. Cu loss of 1600 W occurs at
Its load kVA corresponding to maximum
....... kVA.
efficiency is ....... kVA.
(a) 56.3
(a) 100
(b) 133.3
(b) 141.4
(c) 75
(c) 50
(d) 177.7
(d) 200

31. The all-day efficiency of a

27. If Cu loss of a transformer at 7/8th
transformer depends primarily on
full load is 4900 W, then its full-load Cu
loss would be (a) its copper loss

.......watt. (b) the amount of load

(a) 5600 (c) the duration of load

(b) 6400 (d) both (b) and (c).

(c) 375
(d) 429
28. The ordinary efficiency of a given
transformer is maximum when
(a) it runs at half full-load
(b) it runs at full-load
(c) its Cu loss equals iron loss
(d) it runs slightly overload.
32. The marked increase in kVA capacity
produced by connecting a 2 winding
transformer as an autotransfomer is due
to
(a) increase in turn ratio
(b) increase in secondary voltage
(c) increase in transformer efficiency
(d) establishment of conductive link
between primary and secondary.

33. The kVA rating of an ordinary 2-
winding transformer is increased when
connected as an
autotransformer because
(a) transformation ratio is increased
(b) secondary voltage is increased
(c) energy is transferred both inductively
and conductivity
(d) secondary current is increased.
34. The saving in Cu achieved by
converting a 2-winding transformer into
an autotransformer
is determined by
(a) voltage transformation ratio
(b) load on the secondary
(c) magnetic quality of core material
(d) size of the transformer core.
35. An autotransformer having a
transformation ratio of 0.8 supplies a
load of 3 kW. The power transferred
conductively from primary to secondary
is.......kW.
(a) 0.6
(b) 2.4
(c) 1.5
(d) 0.27
36. The essential condition for parallel
operation of two 1-φ transformers is that
they should have the same
(a) polarity
(b) kVA rating
(c) voltage ratio
(d) percentage impedance.
37. If the impedance triangles of two
transformers operating in parallel are not
identical in shape and size, the two
transformers will
(a) share the load unequally
(b) get heated unequally
(c) have a circulatory secondary current
even when unloaded
(d) run with different power factors.
38. Two transformers A and B having
equal outputs and voltage ratios but
unequal percentage impedances of 4 and
2 are operating in parallel. Transformer A
will be running over-load by .......
percent.
(a) 50
(b) 66
(c) 33
(d) 25
Answers
1. d 2. d 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. c
10. b 11. c 12. d 13. b 14. d 15. c 16. a
17. c 18.b 19. b 20. b 21. b 22. d 23. c
24. a 25. c 26. b 27. b 28. c 29. a 30. c
31. d 32. d 33. c 34. a 35. b 36. a 37. d
38. c
(A) Choose the Correct Answer :
1. Which of the following does not change 7. In case there are burrs on the edges of
in a transformer? the laminations of the transformer, it is
1. Current likely to result in
2. Voltage 1. vibrations
3. Frequency 2. noise
4. All of the above 3. higher eddy current loss
2. In a transformer the energy is conveyed 4. higher hysteresis loss
from primary to secondary 8. The path of a magnetic flux in a
1. though cooling coil transformer should have
2. through air 1. high resistance
3. by the flux 2. high reluctance
4. none of the above 3. low resistance
3. A transformer core is laminated to 4. low reluctance.
1. reduce hysteresis loss 9. No-load test on a transformer is
2. reduce eddy current losses carried out to determine
3. reduce copper losses 1. copper loss
4. reduce all the above losses 2. magnetising current
4. Which loss is not common between a 3. magnetising current and loss
transformer and rotating machines? 4. efficiency of the transformer
1. Eddy current loss 10. The dielectric strength of transformer
2. Copper loss oil is expected to be
3. Windage loss 1. 1 kV
4. Hysteresis loss. 2. 33 kV
5. The degree of mechanical vibrations 3. 100 kV
produced by the laminations of a 4. 330 kV
transformer depends on 11. Sumpner’s test is conducted on
1. tightness of clamping transformers to determine
2. guage of laminations 1. temperature
3. size of laminations 2. stray losses
4. all of the above. 3. all-day efficiency
6. The no-load current drawn by 4. none of the above
transformer is usually what percent of the 12. The permissible flux density in case
full-load current? of cold rolled grain oriental steel is
1. 0.2 to 0.5 per cent around
2. 2 to 5 per cent 1. 1.7 Wb/m2
3. 12 to 15 per cent 2. 2.7 Wb/m2
4. 20 to 30 per cent 3. 3.7 Wb/m2
4. 4.7 Wb/m2
13. During the short-circuit test on a 3. primary side
small transformer the frequency is 4. secondary side
increased from 50 Hz to 200 Hz. The 19. In a transformer the toppings are
copper losses will increase by a factor of generally provided on
1. 16 1. primary side
2. 4 2. secondary side
3. 4 3. low voltage side
4. ¼ . 4. high voltage side
14. The efficiency of a transformer will be 20. The use of higher flux density in the
maximum when transformer design
1. copper losses = hysteresis losses 1. reduces weight per kVA
2. hysteresis losses = eddy current 2. reduces iron losses
losses 3. reduces copper losses
3. eddy current losses = copper losses 4. increases part load efficiency
4. copper losses = iron losses 21. The chemical used in breather for
15. No-load current in a transformer transformer should have the quality of
1. lags behind the voltage by about 750 1. ionizing air
2. leads the voltage by about 750 2. absorbing moisture
3. lags behind the voltage by about 150 3. cleansing the transformer oil
4. leads the voltage by about 150 4. cooling the transformer oil
16. The purpose of providing the iron 22. The chemical used in breather is
core in a transformer is to 1. asbestos fibre
1. provide support to windings 2. silica sand
2. reduce hysteresis loss 3. sodium chloride
3. decrease the reluctance of the 4. silica gel
magnetic path 23. If a pump motor is run on 2/3rd of its
4. reduce eddy current losses. supply voltage, it will
17. Which of the following is not a part of 1. continue to deliver same power
transformer installation? 2. burn
1. Conservator 3. stall
2. Breather 4. continue to run at lower speed
3. Buchholz relay 24. An ideal transformer has infinite
4. Exciter values of primary and secondary
18. Which conducting short-circuit test inductances. The statement is
on a transformer the following side is 1. true
short-circuited 2. false
1. high voltage side 25. An ideal transformer ratings are
2. low voltage side usually expressed in terms of
1. volts 31. The higher voltage for transmitting
2. amperes electrical power in India is
3. kW 1. 33 kV
4. kVA 2. 66 kV
26. The noise resulting from vibrations of 3. 132 kV
laminations set by magnetic force, is 4. 400 kV
termed as 32. In a transformer the resistance
1. magnetostriction between its primary and secondary is
2. boo 1. zero
3. hum 2. 1 Ω
4. zoom 3. 1000 Ω
27. Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies 4. Infinite
as (Bmax= maximum flux density) 33. A transformer oil must be free from
1. Bmax 1. sludge
2. Bmax1.6 2. odour
3. Bmax2 3. gases
4. Bmax2.4 4. moisture
28. Material used for construction of 34. A Buchholz relay can be installed on
transformer core is usually
1. auto-transformers
1. wood 2. air-cooled transformers
2. copper 3. welding transformers
3. aluminium 4. oil-cooled transformers
4. silicon steel 35. Gas is usually not liberated due to
29. The thickness of laminations used in dissociation of transformer oil unless the
a transformer is usually oil temperature exceeds
1. 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm 1. 500C
2. 4 mm to 5 mm 2. 800C
3. 14 mm to 15 mm 3. 1000C
4. 25 mm to 40 mm 4. 1500C
30. The function of conservator in a 36. The main reason for generation of
transformer is harmonics in a transformer could be
1. to protect against internal fault 1. fluctuating load
2. to reduce copper as well as core 2. poor insulation
losses 3. mechanical vibrations
3. to cool the transformer oil 4. saturation of core
4. to take case of the expansion and 37. Distribution transformers are
contraction of transformer oil due to generally designed for maximum
variation of temperature of efficiency around
surroundings.
1. 90% load 3. primary side
2. zero load 4. secondary side
3. 25% load 43. A substance is placed in strong
4. 50% load magnetic field. Which of the following will
38. Which of the following properties is have maximum influence on the capacity
not necessarily desirable in the material of the substance to get magnetized?
for transformer core? 44. Harmonics in transformer result in
1. Mechanical strength 1. Increase core losses
2. Low hysteresis loss 2. Increase I2R losses
3. High thermal conductivity 3. Magnetic interference with
4. High permeability communication circuits
39. Helical coils can be used on 4. all of the above
1. low voltage side of high kVA 45. Tertiary winding is provided in
transformers transformers having
2. high frequency transformers 1. mesh/star winding
3. high voltage side of small capacity 2. mesh/mesh winding
transformers 3. star/star winding
4. high voltage side of high kVA rating 4. any of the above
transformers 46. The core used in high frequency
40. High frequency transformers transformer is usually
sometimes make use of ferrite cores
1. copper core
because it has
2. cost iron core
1. high specific gravity 3. air core
2. high resistance 4. mild steel core
3. high hysteresis 47. The full-load copper loss of a
4. low permeability transformer is 1600 W. At half load the
41. Cross over windings are used on copper loss will be
1. low voltage side of high kVA rating 1. 6400 W
transformers 2. 1600 W
2. current transformers 3. 800 W
3. high voltage side of high kVA rating 4. 400 W
transformers 48. The value of flux involved in the
4. high voltage side of low kVA rating e.m.f. equation of a transformer is
transformers
1. average value
42. While conducting short-circuit test on
2. r.m.s. value
a transformer the following side is short-
3. maximum value
circuited
4. instantaneous value
1. h.v.side
2. l.v.side
49. Silicon steel used in laminations
mainly reduces
1. hysteresis loss
2. eddy current losses
3. copper losses
4. all the the above
50. Which winding of the transformer has
less cross-sectional area?
1. Primary winding
2. Secondary winding
3. Low voltage winding
4. High voltage winding
51. Power transformers are generally
designed to have maximum efficiency
around
1. no-load
2. half-load
3. near full-load
4. 10% overload
52. Which of the following is the main
advantage of an auto-transformer over a
two winding transformer?
1. Hysteresis losses are reduced
2. Saving in winding material
3. Copper losses are negligible
4. Eddy losses are totally eliminated
53. During short-circuit test iron losses
are negligible because
1. the current on secondary side is
negligible
2. the voltage on secondary side does
not vary
3. the voltage applied on primary side is
low
4. full-load current is not supplied to
the transformer
54. Two transformers are connected in
parallel. These transformers do not have
equal percentage impedance. This is
likely to result in.
1. short-circuiting of the secondaries
2. power factor of one of the
transformers is leading while that of
the other lagging.
3. transformers having higher copper
losses will have negligible core losses
4. loading of the transformers not in
proportion to their kVA ratings
55. The changes in volume of
transformers cooling oil due to variation
of atmospheric temperature during day
and night is taken care of by which part
of transformer?
1. Conservator
2. Breather
3. Bushings
4. Buchholz relay
56.The transformer laminations are
insulated from each other by
1. mica strip
2. thin coat of varnish
3. paper
4. any of the above
57.Which type of winding is used in 3-
phase shell-type transformer?
1. Circular type
2. Sandwich type
3. Cylindrical type
4. Rectangular type
58. During open circuit test of a
transformer
1. primary is supplied rated voltage
2. primary is supplied full-load current
3. primary is supplied current at
reduced voltage
4. primary is supplied rated kVA
59.Open circuit test on transformers is 4. Current transformer
conducted to determine 65. The size of a transformer core will
1. hysteresis losses depend on
2. copper losses 1. frequency
3. core losses 2. area of the core
4. eddy current losses 3. flux density of the core material
60. Short circuit test on transformers is 4. (a) and (b) both
conducted to determine 66. Natural air cooling is generally
1. hysteresis losses restricted for transformers up to
2. copper losses
1. 1.5 MVA
3. core losses
2. 5 MVA
4. eddy current losses
3. 15 MVA
61. For the parallel operation of single-
4. 50 MVA
phase transformers it is necessary that
67. A shell-type transformer has
they should have
1. same efficiency 1. high eddy current losses
2. same polarity 2. reduced magnetic leakage
3. same kVA rating 3. negligible hysteresis losses
4. same number of turns on the 4. none of the above.

secondary side. 68. A transformer can have

62.The transformer oil should have ……. regulation closer to zero

voltatility and …. viscosity 1. on full-load

1. low ….. low 2. on overload
2. high ….. high 3. on leading power factor
3. low ….. high 4. on zero power factor
4. high ….. low 69. A transformer transforms
63.The function of breather in a 1. voltage
transformer is 2. current
1. to provide oxygen inside the tank 3. current and voltage
2. to cool the coils during reduced load 4. power
3. to filter the transformer cooling oil 70. Which of the following is not the
4. to arrest flow of moisture when standard voltage for power supply in India
outside air enters the transformer.
1. 11 kV
64. The secondary winding of which of
2. 33 kV
the following transformers is always kept
3. 66 kV
closed?
4. 122 kV
1. Step-up transformer
2. Sept-down transformer
3. Potential transformer
ANSWERS 38.(c)
39.(a)
1. (c) 40.(b)
2. (c) 41. (d)
3. (b) 42.(b)
4. (a) 43.(b)
5. (d) 44.(d)
6. (b) 45.(c)
7. (c) 46.(c)
8. (d) 47.(d)
9. (c) 48.(c)
10. (b) 49.(a)
11. (a) 50.(d)
12. (a) 51. (c)
13. (a) 52.(b)
14. (d) 53.(c)
15. (a) 54.(d)
16. (c) 55.(a)
17. (d) 56.(b)
18. (b) 57.(b)
19. (c) 58.(a)
20.(a) 59.(c)
21. (b) 60.(b)
22.(d) 61. (b)
23.(c) 62.(a)
24.(b) 63.(d)
25.(d) 64.(d)
26.(c) 65.(d)
27.(b) 66.(a)
28.(d) 67.(b)
29.(a) 68. (c)
30.(d) 69.(d)
31. (d) 70.(d)
32.(d)
33.(d)
34.(d)
35.(d)
36.(d)
37.(d)