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6406 Topper 21 129 510 4 58 Force and Laws of Motion Up201612091732 1481284944 7864
6406 Topper 21 129 510 4 58 Force and Laws of Motion Up201612091732 1481284944 7864
PHYSICS
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.5 A force of 5N changes the velocity of a Q.17 Two bodies whose masses are 𝑚1=50 kg
body from 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 to 20 𝑚𝑠 −1 in 5 sec. How and 𝑚2= 150 kg are tied by a light string and
much force is required to bring about the same are placed on a frictionless horizontal surface.
change in 2 sec? When 𝑚1 is pulled by a force F, an acceleration
of 5𝑚𝑠 −2 is produced in both the bodies.
Q.6 State and explain Newton’s first law of Calculate the value of F. What is the tension in
motion. the string 1?
Q.7 What are the three types of inertia? Give at Q.18 See Fig. 4.130 (a)
least two examples of each type. wherein a mass of 6 kg
is suspended by a rope
Q.8 State and explain Newton’s first law of
of length 2 m from the
motion. Hence deduce the relation F = ma,
ceiling. A force of 50N in
where the symbols have their usual meaning.
the horizontal direction
Q.9 Define absolute and gravitational units of is applied at midpoint P
force. What are the dimensions of force? of the rope, as shown.
What is the angle the
Q.10 Mention some of the consequences of rope makes with the Figure 4.130
the Newton’s second law of motion. vertical in equilibrium? (take g = 10𝑚𝑠 −2).
Q.11 Explain the term ‘impulse’. Discuss some Neglect mass of the rope.
of the applications of this concept.
4.1
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Forces and Laws of Motion
what would be the minimum diameter of the is the magnitude and direction of the net
rope? acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn?
Q.21 A car of mass one metric ton travelling at Q.29 A particle originally at rest at the highest
32 m/s dashes into rear of a truck of mass 8000 point of a smooth vertical circle of radius R, is
kg moving in the same direction with the slightly displaced. Find the vertical distance
velocity of 4 m/s. After the collision, the car below the highest point where the particle will
bounces backward with the velocity 8 m/s. leave the circle.
What is the velocity of the truck after the
impact?
Q.22 The force on a particle of mass 10 g is
(10i+5j)N. If it starts from rest, what would be
its position at time t = 5s?
Circular Motion
Q.25 Calculate the centripetal acceleration of a
point on the equator of earth due to the
rotation of earth about its own axis.
Radius of earth = 6400 km.
4.2
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.3
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4.4
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Forces and Laws of Motion
edge (n< ). If the chain just begins to slide off R: Like velocity, momentum also depends on
the table by itself from this position, the the reference from of observer.
coefficient of friction between chain and table
is Passage # 3
1 n 1 1 n A vertical gap 2.2 cm wide of infinite extent
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n n1 1n contains a fluid of viscosity 2.0 NS/𝑚2 and
specific gravity 0.9. A metallic plate 1m X 1m X
Multiple Correct Question 0.2cm, which is in the middle of the gap, is to
!!Q.22 Two blocks A and B of equal mass m are be lifted up with
connected through a a constant speed
massless string and 0.15 m/sec
arranged as shown in through the gap.
Fig. 4.140. Friction is The weight of the
absent everywhere. plate is 48N.
When the system is Assuming pulley
released from rest. Figure 4.140 is massless and
frictionless, string Figure 4.141
(A) Tension in string is
mg/2 is also massless. (g=10m/𝑠 2)
(B) Tension in string is mg/4
Q.26 Buoyant force acting on the plate
(C) Acceleration in string is g/2
(A) 1800 N (B) 900 N (C) 180 N (D) 18 N
(D) Acceleration in string is 3g/2
Q.27 Net frictional force exerted by the liquid
Assertion Reason Question
on the plate
Each of the question given below consists of
(A) 30 N (B) 60 N (C) 15 N (D) 120 N
two statements, an assertion (A) and reason (R).
Select the number corresponding to the Q.28 Tension in the string
appropriate alternative as follows (A) 90 N (B) 108 N (C) 240 N (D) 120 N
(A) If both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A Q.29 For doing so the kinetic friction between
(B) If both A and R are true but R is not the the inclined plane and the block should be
correct explanation of A equals to
(C) If A is true but R is false 3 3 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(D) If A is false but R is true. 4 8 3 2 3
Q.23 A: If a book is placed on table at rest then Circular Dynamics
force exerted by table on the book and weight Q.30 A particle moves in a circle of radius R
of the book formation reaction pairs according with a constant speed under a centripetal force
to Newton 3rd law of motion F. The work done F in completing a full circle is:
R: Since both are equal in magnitude and
opposite in directions.
(A) Mv 2 / R 2R (B) R2F
4.5
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.6
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.7
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4.8
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Forces and Laws of Motion
the system to remain in equilibrium, the angle Q. 62 A piece of wire is bent in the shape of a
𝜃 should be (2001) parabola 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2(y-axis vertical) with a bead of
4.9
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Circular dynamics
Q. 65 A car is moving in a circular horizontal
track of radius 10m with a constant speed of
10m/s. A plumb bob is suspended from the
roof of the car by a light rigid rod. The angle
made by the rod with the vertical is
2
(Take g 10m / s ) [1992]
4.10
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.11
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.12
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Forces and Laws of Motion
on block A as shown. Find the force of friction Q.20 On a smooth inclined plane of angle α is
on blocks and tension in the string. placed on in such a
3 3 way that the upper
(a) If F Mg (b) If F Mg.
4 2 wedge face is
horizontal. On this
Q.17 In the Fig. 4.164 block A is one fourth the
horizontal face is
length of the block B and there is no friction
placed a block of
between block B and surface on which it is
mass m. Find the
placed. The coefficient of sliding friction
resultant Figure 4.168
between A and B. Block C and block A have the
acceleration of the
same mass and mass of B is four times mass of
block in subsequent motion.
A. when the
system is Q.21 In the system shown in Fig. 4.169 𝑚𝐴 =
released, 4𝑚, 𝑚𝐵 = 3𝑚 and 𝑚𝐶 = 8𝑚. Friction is absent
calculate the everywhere.
distance the String is light and
block B inextensible. If
moves when the system is
only three Figure 4.164 released from
fourth of rest find the
block A is still on the block B. acceleration of
Figure 4.169
each block.
Q.18 The inclined plane of forms an angle
Q.22 Find the
α=30∘ with the horizontal. The mass ratio. The
accelerations of rod A
coefficient of friction between the body 𝑚1 and
and wedge B in the
inclined plane is equal to k-0.10. The masses of
arrangement shown in
the pulley and the threads are negligible. Find
the Fig. 4.170. If the
the magnitude
ratio of the mass of the
and the
wedge of that of the
direction of
rod equals, and the
acceleration of Figure 4.170
friction between all
the body 𝑚2
contact surfaces is negligible.
when the
system of Figure 4.166 Q.23 A particle of mass m is pulled by means
masses starts of a thread up an inclined plane forming an
moving. angle α with the
horizontal as shown in
Q.19 As shown in the Fig. 4.167 blocks of
the Fig. 4.171. The
masses M/2, M and M/2 are connected
coefficient of friction is
through a light
equal to µ. Find the angle
string as shown,
𝛽 which the thread must
pulleys are light
form with the inclined Figure 4.171
and smooth.
plane for the tension of
Friction is only
the thread to be maximum. What is it equal to?
between block
C and floor. Figure 4.167 Q.24 A plank of mass 𝑚1with a block of mass
System is 𝑚2 placed on it lies on a smooth horizontal
released from rest. Find the acceleration of plane. A horizontal force growing with time t as
blocks A, B and C and tension in the string. F=at(a is constant) is applied to the plank. Find
how the accelerations of the plank 𝑤1 and of
the bar 𝑤2 depend on t, if the coefficient of
4.13
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Figure 4.172
Figure 4.175
Q.25 A horizontal plane with the coefficient of
friction k supports two bodies: a bar and an Q.29 Two blocks A and B having masses 𝑚1=1
electric motor with a battery on a block. A kg and 𝑚2=4 kg are arranged as shown in Fig.
thread attached to the bar is wound on the 4.176. The pulleys P and Q are light and
shaft of the electric motor. The distance frictionless. All blocks are resting on the
between the bar and electric motor is equal to horizontal floor and pulleys are held such that
l. When the motor is strings remain just taut. At moment t=0, a force
switched on, the bar, F=30N starts acting on the pulley P along
whose mass is twice vertically upward direction as shown in the Fig.
as great as that of 4.176: Determine
the other body, (a) The time when blocks A and B lose contact
starts moving with a Figure 4.173 with ground,
constant (b) The velocity of A when B loses contact with
acceleration w. how soon will the bodies ground,
collide? (c) The height raised by A till this instant.
Q.26 Two particle of equal masses m and m are
connected up a light string of length 2l. A
constant force F is applied continuously at the
middle of the string, always along the
perpendicular bisector of the line joining the
two particles. Show that when the distance
between the particles is 2x, the acceleration of
approach of particles is a F x Figure 4.176
m (l2 x2 )1/2 Circular Dynamics
Q.30 An astronaut is rotating in a rotor having
Q.27 Determine the acceleration of bodies A
vertical axis and radius 4m. If he can withstand
and B and the tension in the cable due to
upto acceleration of 10 g. Then what is the
application of the 300 N force. Neglect all
maximum number of permissible revolutions
friction and the masses of pulleys.
per second? g 10m / s2
Q.31 A racing-car of 1000kg moves round a
banked track at a constant speed of 108 km h1
Figure 4.174 . Assuming the total reaction at the wheels is
Q.28 Figure 4.175 shows three movable pulleys normal to the track and the horizontal radius of
of masses 𝑚1, 𝑚2 and 𝑚3 connected by a single inclination of the track to the horizontal and
string. If the pulleys are frictionless, string is the reaction at the wheels.
light inextensible and pulleys 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are
Q.32 A man whirls a stone around his lead on
light, find tension in the string.
the end of a string 4metre long. If the stone has
a mass of 0.4 kg and the string will break if the
tension in it exceeds 8 N, what is the smallest
4.14
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Forces and Laws of Motion
4.15
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Forces and Laws of Motion
acceleration of the masses as seen from the Q.50 A block of mass M is kept on a horizontal
cabin and the tension in the string. ruler. The friction coefficient between the ruler
and block is . The ruler is fixed at one end and
the block is at a distance L from the fixed end.
The ruler is rotated about the fixed end. Find
the maximum angular speed for which block
will slip.
Figure 4.178
Q.44 A particle of mass m moves along a
horizontal circle of radius R such that normal
acceleration of particle varies with time as
an Kt2 , where K is a constant. Calculate
(i) tangential force on particle at time t
(ii) total force on particle at time t
(iii) power developed by total force at time t
and
(iv) average power developed by total force
over first t second
4.16
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Figure 4.181
4.17
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Figure 4.183
4.18
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Figure 4.189
Assertion Reason Question
Q.17 A: The law of conservation of linear
Figure 4.187 momentum, as applied to a single particle, is
(A) acceleration of the system is zero if equivalent to Newton’s first law of motion.
R: As Newton’s first law states in the absence of
m mA
B tan and mB mA external force state of motion of a body does
2mB not change.
(B) Force of friction between A and B is zero if Q.18 A: The impulse of a force can be zero even
mA mB if force is not zero.
R: The impulse of a force is equal to change in
(C) B moves upwards if mB <mA
momentum of a body.
(D) Tension in the string is mg(sinθ − µcosθ) if
mA mB m Comprehension Type Question
Passage # 1
Q.15 Two blocks A and B of mass 10 kg and 20 A ball of mass m is
kg respectively are placed as shown in Fig. connected with the
4.188. Coefficient of string AB and BC
friction between all the respectively as
surfaces is 0.2 shown in the Fig.
(g=10m/s )2 4.190. Now string AB
(A) Tension in the string is is cut. Answer the
306 N following questions Figure 4.190
(B) Tension in the string is
Q.19 Tension in the string AB and BC
132 N
respectively the string AB is cut
(C) Acceleration of block
(A) mg cotB, mg cosB (B) mg tanB, mg cosB
B is 2.6m/s 2
(C) mg tanB, mg secB (D) mg cotB, mg secB
(D) Acceleration of block Figure 4.188
B is 4.7m/s 2
Q.20 Tension in the string BC just after the
string AB is cut
Q.16 In the arrangement shown in the Fig.
(A) mg sinB (B) mg cosB
4.189 all surface are smooth. Select the correct
(C) mg tanB (D)mg secB
alternative(s)
Q.21 If string BC is cut instead of AB, what is the
(A) For any value of θ acceleration of A and B tension in the string AB just after
are equal (A) mg cosB (B) mg tanB
(B) Contact force between the two blocks is (C) mg sinB (D) zero
zero if mA /mB =tanθ
(C) Contact force between the two is zero for Q.22 If the whole system is placed in an
any value of mA or mB automobile, what is the acceleration required
(D) Normal reactions exerted by the wedge on to be given to it so that even after cutting the
the block are equal. string AB, it remains in the same position
(A) g tanB, right ward (B) g cotB, right ward
(C) g tanB, left ward (D) g cotB, left ward
4.19
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Forces and Laws of Motion
(A)
(M m)gsin
(B)
(M m)gsin (A)2mg (B)mg (C) 3mg (D) 5mg
2
M msin m Msin2
(M m)gsin (M m)gsin Q.28 The magnitude of the force exerted on the
(C) (D)
2
M msin M msin pulley by the clamp is, when the system is in
equilibrium
Q.24 The acceleration of the incline in the S 2 2mg
(A) 4mg (B) 4mg/ 3 (C) (D)2 2mg
frame 3
mgsin cos mgsin cos
(A) (B) Q.29 The plank is suddenly broken by an
2 2
M msin M msin
impulsive force, acting downwards. The
Mgsin cos Mgsin cos
(C) (D) instantaneous accelerations of A and B, just
2 2
M msin M msin after the plank is removed, are respectively,
Q.25 The force exerted by the small m on the (A)10m / s2 and 10m / s2
wedge of mass M (B)20m / s2 and 3.33m / s2
Mmg mg (C)12m / s2 and 6.66m / s2
(A)mgcos (B) (C) (D)None
M msin2 cos (D)None of the above
Matrix Match Type Question
Q.26 At what acceleration ax (in the S frame)
Q.30 A block of mass m is placed on a plank,
must the incline be accelerated to prevent m
which is pivoted at one end. The plank is slowly
from sliding
turned as shown in Fig. 4.193. The friction
gtan gtan
(A) gtan (B) gtan (C) (D) coefficient between block and plank is 0.8.
2 2
Angle between ground and plank friction force
Passage # 4 between block and plank
An arrangement designed to measure the
acceleration due to gravity at a place consist of
two blocks A and B, of mass m and 2m
respectively connected to each other by means
of a light inextensible string passing over a light Figure 4.193
frictionless pulley as shown in the Fig. 4.192. A (A) 30 (i)zero
light and very rough plank, rigidly held in (B) 45 (ii)0.5mg
position, supports the block A. the system, it is (A) 60 (iii)0.8mg
observed does not move at all. The portion of (A) 75 (iv)mg
the string OA, is initially horizontal. Assume
4.20
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4.21
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Forces and Laws of Motion
moves is smooth but the friction coefficient Q.42 If v is the velocity of rotation of rotor and
between the block and the side wall is . The N be the reaction of wall, then-
2
block is given initial velocity v o . Then answer (A) N=mg (B) N mv
r
the following questions. 2
2 mv 2
Q.39 What is the tangential acceleration of the (C) N mg
r
block?
(A) g (B) g (D) none of these
2 2
(C) v / R (D) v / R Q.43 In order to man remain in equilibrium we
must have-
Q.40 What is the value of velocity v as the
(A) mg N (B) f2 mg
function of time t?
(C) N mg (D) none of these
(A) 1 1 t (B) 1 1 t
v v0 2R v v0 2R
Q.44 The value of velocity will be given by –
(C) 1 1 t (D) 1 1 t
v v0 R v v0 R rg
(A) v rg (B) v
Q.41 What is the value of velocity v as the
function of distance x travelled on the g g
(C) v (D) v
circumference? r r
2
x
(A) v v oe R (B) v v oe R
x
2
(C) v v o 1 e R (D) v v o
Passage II (Question 42 to 44)
In a rotor, a hollow vertical cylindrical structure
rotates about its axis and a person rests against
the inner wall. At a particular speed of the rotor,
the floor below the person
is removed and the person
hangs resting against the
wall without any floor. If
the radius of the rotor is
2m and the coefficient of
static friction between the
wall and the person is 0.2. Figure 4.195
Find the following
parameters and relations.
4.22
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Column I Column II
(A) Velocity at B (P) 7mg
(B) Velocity at C (Q) 5gR
(C) Tension at B (R) 7gR Figure 4.196
(D) Tension at C (S) 4 mg
Q.46 The bob of a simple pendulum is given a velocity 10m/s at its lowest point. Mass of the bob
is 1kg and string length is 1 m.
Column I Column II
(A) Minimum tension in string (in Newton) (P) 50
(B) Magnitude of acceleration of bob when the (Q) 60
2
string is horizontal (in m / s )
(R) zero
(C) Minimum magnitude of acceleration of bob
2
(in m / s )
(D) Tangential acceleration at the highest point (S) 10 65
2
(in m / s )
Q.47 A car of mass 500kg is moving in a circular road of radius 35 / 3 . Angle of the banking of
road is 30. Coefficient of friction between road and tires is 1 . Match the following:
2 3
Column I Column II
(A) Maximum speed (in m/s) of car for safe (P) 5 2
turning (Q) 12.50
(B) Minimum speed (in m/s) of car for safe
turning (R) 210
(C) Speed (in m/s) at which friction force
between tires and road is zero 350
(D) Friction force (in 102 Newton) between (S)
3
350
tires and road if speed is m/s
6
4.23
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4.24
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Q 55. A hemispherical bowl of radius R=0.1 m such that the mass m1 is at a distance of 0.124
is rotating about its own axis (which is vertical) m from O. The masses are observed to be at
with an angular velocity ⍵. A particle of mass rest with respect to an observer on the turn of
10−2 kg on the frictionless inner surface of the table. (1997)
bowl is also rotating with the same ⍵. The (a) Calculate the frictional force on m1 .
particle is at height h from the bottom of the (b) What should be the minimum angular
bowl. speed of the turn table, so that the masses will
(a) Obtain the relation between h and ⍵. What slip from this position?
is the minimum value of ⍵ needed, in order to (c) How should the masses be placed with the
have a non-zero value of h? string remaining taut so that there is no
(b) It is desired to measure (acceleration due to frictional force acting on the mass m2 ?
gravity) using the setup by measuring h
Q 58. Block A of mass m and block B of mass
accurately. Assuming that R and ⍵ are known
precisely and that the least count in the 2m are placed on a fixed triangular wedge by
means of a massless, inextensible string and a
measurement of h is 10−4 m, what is minimum
possible error ∆g in the measured value of g? frictionless pulley as shown in Fig. 4.202. The
wedge is inclined at 45∘ to the horizontal on
(1993)
both the sides. The coefficient of friction
Q 56. A smooth semicircular wire track of between block A and wedge is 2/3 and that
radius R is fixed in a vertical plane. One end of between block B and the wedge is 1/3. If the
a massless spring of natural length 3R/4 is blocks A and B
attached to the lowest point O of the wire track. released from
A small ring of mass m which can slide on the rest, find (a) the
track is attached to the other end of the spring. acceleration A,
The ring is held stationary at point P such that (b) Tension in the
the spring makes an angle 60∘ with the vertical. string and
The spring constant (c) The magnitude
and direction of Figure 4.202
k=mg/R. Consider
the instant when the the force of friction acting on A
ring is making an (1997)
angle 60∘ with the
Q 59. Two blocks A and B of equal masses are
vertical. The spring is
released from an inclined plane of inclination
released (a) Draw
45∘ at t=0. Both the blocks are initially at rest.
the free body
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
diagram of the ring.
block A and
(b) Determine the
tangential inclined plane is
0.2 while it is 0.3
acceleration of the
Figure 4.201 for block B.
ring and the normal
Initially the block
reaction? (1996)
A is √2 m behind
Q 57. Two blocks of mass m1 = 10 kg and m2 = the block B. When
5 kg connected to each other by a massless and where their Figure 4.203
inextensible string of length 0.3 m are placed front faces will
along a diameter of turn table. The coefficient come in a line?
of friction between the table and m1 is 0.5 while (2004)
there is no friction between m2 and the table.
The table is rotating with an angular velocity of Circular Dynamics
10 rad/s about the vertical axis passing through Q 60. A long horizontal rod has a bead which
centre O. The masses are placed along the can slide along its length and is initially placed
diameter of the table on either side of center O
4.25
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Forces and Laws of Motion
at a distance L from one end A of the rod. The Q63. A reference frame attached to the earth
rod is set in angular motion about A with a [1986]
constant angular acceleration .If the (a) is an inertial frame by definition
coefficient of friction between the rod and (b) Cannot be an inertial frame because the
bead is , and gravity is neglected, then the earth is revolving round the sun
time after which the bead starts slipping is (c) is an inertial frame because Newton’s laws
[2000] are applicable in this frame
(d) Cannot be an inertial frame because the
earth is rotating about its own axis
(a) (b)
1 Q64. A point mass of 1 kg collides elastically
with a stationary point mass of 5 kg. After their
collision, the 1 kg mass reverses its direction
(c) (d) infinitesimal
and moves with a speed of 2ms1 . Which of the
Q 61. A small block is shot into each of the
following statement(s) is/are correct for the
four track as shown below. Each of the track
system of these two masses. [2010]
rises to the same height. The speed with
which the block enters the track is the same (a) Total momentum of the system is
in all cases. At the highest point of the track, 3kg ms 1
the normal reaction is maximum in [2001] (b) Momentum of 5 kg mass after collision is
4kg ms1
(c) Kinetic energy of the centre of mass is 0.75
J
(d) Total kinetic energy of the system is 4J
4.26
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.51 Q.59
Q.38 Q.43
Q.64
4.27
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Forces and Laws of Motion
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.4 100 Ns. Q.23 2.5 104 km
Q.5 12.5 N 2
Q.24 gr (r r ) 2lgm
Q.14 0.872 m/s, 1.744 m
Q.15 30N Circular Dynamics
Q.16 1.4 ms2 , 33.6 N 2
Q.17 1000 N, 750 N Q.25 439 kmh
Q.18 40 Q.26 0.86 ms2
Q.19 750 N/m
Q.27 x y / 2cm / s2
Q.20 1 cm
Q.21 9 m/s. Q.28 0.86 ms2 ; 5428'
ˆ
Q.22 r (i12500 ˆj6250)m Q.29 h=R/3
Circular Dynamics
Q.30 D Q.31 C Q.32 D Q.33 A Q.34 C Q.35 B
Q.36 A Q.37 A Q.38 B Q.39 D Q.40 B Q.41 D
Q.42 B, D Q.43 D Q.44 C Q.45 B Q.46 E Q.47 B
Q.48 A Q.49 D
Circular Dynamics
Q.65 C Q.66 D
4.28
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Mg 2
Q.10 a 4h2
4h
Q.11 4N
2(Mg B) Figure 4.206
Q.12
g
When
mg2 cos
Q.13 (a) f (k 1 k 2 ) , (m1 m2 )g
m1 m2 t t0 (where t0 ) w1 w2 k g
a
k1 m1 k 2 m2 t t0 w1 at / m1 km2g / m1 ,w2 k g
(b) cos min
m1 m2
2l
1 1 Q.25 t
Q.14 tan1 (3w kg)
2
2 2 3 Q.26 aA 2.34 m / s2 , aB 1.558m / s2 , T 81.8N
mg cos m g cos
Q.15 (a) v 2
, (b) s 4m1m2m3g
2asin 6a2 sin3 Q.28 T
3
4m1m2 m2m3 m1m3
Q.16 (a) fA Mg, fB 0, T 0
4
Q.29 (a) t A 1sec,tB 2sec, .
Mg Mg
(b) fA Mg, fB ,T
2 2 (b) v A 5m / s (c)
13l
Q.17
16(2 3) Circular Dynamics
g( sin cos ) 5
Q.18 w2 0.5g Q.30 fmax rev / sec
1 2
3 Mgsin
Q.19 aA aC gsin ,aB gsin ,T Q.31 45, 2 10 4 N
4 8
Q.32 30,v 7.7m / s
4.29
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.33 163.3m / s2 2L
Q.42 2
R cos
Q.34 Rg
2R 4
Q.35 22.36m / s Q.43 , m2R
3 3
Q.36 2129'
2
Q.44 (i) m KR (ii) m K R Kt
4
(iii)mKRt
Q.37 a 0.86ms , 5427'
1
(iv) mKRt
Q.38 (a) Rg 2
1/2
R Q.45 2R asin g gcos
(b) a distance along the bridge
3
Q.46 R 2 2
from the highest point
2
(c) gR cos L / 2R 2
v2
Q.47 a
R
Q.39 45
mv 2
g Q.48
Q.40 v 2R
3
1/4
Q.49 2g2 a2 R2
Q.41
1/2 1/2
g sin cos g sin cos g
to Q.50
Rsin cos sin Rsin cos sin
L
Circular Dynamics
Q.31 A Q.32 A Q.33 D Q.34 D Q.35 B Q.36 B, C
Q.37 B, D Q.38 A, B, C Q.39 D Q.40 C Q.41 B Q.42 B
Q.43 C Q.44 B Q.45 A→R; B→Q; C→P; D→S Q.46 A→P; B→S; C→Q; D→R
Q.47 A→R; B→P; C→S; D→Q
4.30
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Circular Dynamics
Q.60 (a) Q.61 (a) Q.62 (b,c) Q.63 (b, d) Q.64 A,C Q.65 (b) 5 3 g, 3mg
8 8
4.31
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Forces and Laws of Motion
SOLUTIONS
v
v f – vi
and a =
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN t t
v 20 – 10 10
In case (i) = = = 2 m/s
FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION t 5 5
F = ma 5 = m(2) …(1)
Sol.1 A body will preserve its velocity and Now further, we want this V in in 2 s.
direction as long as no force acts on it in its 20 – 10 10
motion. Inertia is in fact the resistance of any anew = V = = = 5 m/s2.
tnew 2 2
physical object to any change in its motion.
Fnew = m(5) …(2)
Sol.2 Dividing equation (1) by (2)
Forces are balanced m(2)
5 =
Fnew m(5)
25
a = 0 m/s2 Fnew = N
2
Fnew 12 5 N.
Objects at rest Objects in motion Sol.6 Conceptual. Refer to the reading manual.
(v = 0 m/s) (v 0 m/s)
Sol.7 1. Linear inertia: In an isolated system, a
body at rest will remain at rest and a body
Stay at rest Stay in motion moving with constant velocity will continue to
(same speed and direction) do so, unless disturbed by an external force.
2. Gyroscopic Inertia: A body that is set
Now spinning has a tendency to keep spinning in
Forces are Unbalanced its original orientation if no external force is
applied.
3. Rotational Inertia: An object resists any
There is an acceleration change in its state of rotation. If no external
force is applied.
S 4.1
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Forces and Laws of Motion
dp
F=
dt
t2
dp
J= dt dt T
t1 T1 T1
p2 m2 11
J= dp
p1
11.5 m1
J = P2 – P1 = P. T
Sol.12 Every action has an equal and opposite m1g – T = m1a …(i) m1 a
reaction.
N Reaction m1 g
force And for second body
action
T
mg
Example (1) m2
T – m2g = m2a …(ii) a
Sol.13 Lift moving uniformly;
m2 g
a=0 Adding (i) and (ii);
(m1 – m2)g = (m1 + m2)a
m m – m2
a = 1 g
Then N – mg = 0
m1 m2
N w = mg.
Here m1 = 11.5 kg, m2 = 11 kg, g = 10 m/s2
Lift acceleration upward;
Now m1 will descend down by height ‘h’ and
m2 moves up by the same height h;
a 1
H = ut + at2
2
m
1
h = 0. t + × (0. 2) (4)2
2
m N = mg + ma = 1. 6 m.
And for velocity;
ma(pseudo force)
mg v = u + at
v = 0 + (0. 2) (4)
N w = m(g + a). v = 0. 8 m/s.
weight Increases
Lift accelerating downwards: -
ma Sol.15 10 31.5 N
N 0.5
N + ma = mg
m Let us say the whole system moves forward
a N = mg – ma with an acceleration ‘a’.
m mg 31.5
Then a = m/s
N w = m (g – a) 10 0.5
a = 3 m/s2.
S 4.2
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Now let us consider the string. The total external Horizontal force applied on
a the system is F.
N 31.5 N F
Acceleration ‘a’ of the system=
m = 0.5 kg m1 m2
Now, 31.5 – N = ma m/s2
31.5 – ma = N Given a = 5 m/s2
N = 31.5 – (0. 5) (3) F
N = 30 Newton. 5 = m/s2
50 150
F = 200 ×5 N
Sol.16 Constraint Equation:-
F 1000 N
Now for finding the tension;
Consider m2;
N
m2 a m2 T
T (pseudo force)
T1 T
3kg = m2 m2 g
m1 = 4 kg T – m2a = 0
T = m2a.
T = 150 × 5
am + am = 0. [ length of string is constant] T = 750 N.
1 2
m1 g
60 N
T At point Pi
T – m2g = m2a …(ii) For equilibrium;
m2 a T1 sin = 50 … (i)
T1 cos = T2 …(ii)
m2 g And for the mass;
(i) + (ii) (m1 – m2) g = (m1 + m2)a T2 = 60 N …(iii)
m – m2 50
a = 1 g (i)/(ii) = tan =
T2
m1 m2
And using this value, find the value of T in 50
tan =
equation (i) or equation (ii) 60
m1g – m1a = T T m1 (g – a) . = tan–1(5/6).
= 40º.
now put m1 = 4 kg m2 = 3kg. Sol.19 F = kx.
to get the numerical. x = 20 cm = 0. 2 m
150 = k (0. 2)
T T 150 15
Sol.17 m2 m1 F k= = × 102 N/m = 7. 5 × 102 N/m.
0.2 2
S 4.3
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T
1 2
r = ut at
Sol.20 T – mg = ma 2
m a
Since u = 0,
Now for amax, we have Tmax
Tmax – mg = ma
1 2
r = at
Tmax = m (g + a) N 2
= m (9. 8 + 1. 2) N.
103 25 500 25 ˆ
u = î + j.
= 2000 (11) 2 2
Tmax 22 103 N Sol.23 This is just an energy conservation
problem on surface of earth;
Now Tmax = (Breaking stress) Area
1
22 × 103 = (2. 8 × 108) (R2) Ei = mv 20 Ui
2
22 103 Gm
R= Ui = –
28 107 R
R = 25 10 –6 m 1 Gm
Ei = mv 20 –
R = 5 × 10–3 m 2 R
Diameter = 2R 10 × 10–3 m 10–2 m. Now finally;
Sol.21 Before collision V=0
32m/s 4 m/s Gm
1000 8000 Ef = 0 + – …(i)
R h
car Truck And Ef = Ei
After collision, 1 Gm Gm
y mv 20 – –
2 R R h
1000 8000 u x v 20 G –G
8 m/s –
2 R R h
In the whole process, linear momentum along 2
1 1 v
the x-direction is conserved. – 0
Initial momentum = 103 × 32 + 8 × 103 × 4 R h R 2G
^ 1
R+h=
Pi = 64 × 103 kg m/s ( i ). 1 v2
Now in the final state – 0
R 2G
^
Momentum of car=103 × (–8)= – 8 × 103 ( i ).
1
Momentum of truck = 8 × 103 ( viˆ ) h
1 v2
–R
^ – 0
= 8v × 103 i R 2G
^
Pfinal = (– 8 + 8v) × 103 ( i ) G = 6. 67 × 10–Sol.11
Pinitial = pfinal R = 64 × 105 m.
64 × 103 = (–8 + 8v) × 103 v0 = 104 m/s
64 8 Sol.24
v = m/s; v = 9 m/sec
8 m1 = m2 = m.
Sol.22 F = m a
F
a = ; m = 10g = 10 × 10–3 kg = 10–2 kg
m T T
(10iˆ 5ˆj) F
m2
a = m1
10 –2 mg
FBD of m1;
a 103 ˆi 5 102 ˆj
S 4.4
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T sin
Gm2 a = 0. 03 m/s2
F= 2
(r ') 5
Sol.26 v = 27 km/h = 27 × m/s
18
mg
15
T sin = F …(i) v= m/s
2
T cos = mg …(ii)
v2 (15)2
Gm2 ar = = = 0. 7
(i)/(ii) Tan = R 4 80
(r ')2 mg
1
a t = 0. 5 m/s2 = m/s2
Gm 2
tan = …(iii)
(r')2 g
anet = a r + a t
r – r'
tan = = (0.7)2 (0.5)2
2
anet = 0. 86 m/s2
y
Q
r – r1 A
2
r – r' Sol.27 /4
Gm
= O P x
2 (r')2 g
Solving for r’,
At point the acceleration will be centripetal
We get the value of r’.
acceleration which is radially directed towards
CIRCULAR MOTION point O. i.e.
w Physically:
v 2 ê
a = (– r )
r
Remember ê r and ê t are the unit vectors
Sol.25 A
along radial and tangential directions
respectively.
Refer to the figure.
ê t
Earth completes 1 rotation in 1 day
ê r
i. e. , ω = 1. rotation A
day
2 O
ω = 1. rad/s
24 60 60
So in this case also
ω= × 10–2 rad/s
432 v 2 ê
aA = (– r )
and now acceleration at point A; r
a = rω2 Now, since the point is in between the points
r = 6400 km = 6400 × 103 m P and Q,
r = 64 × 105 m
S 4.5
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Forces and Laws of Motion
y
dv ê
at = ( t)
dt
a t = 1 m/s2( ê t )
x
/4 Now a = ar at
a = (0. 7 (– ê r )) + 1 ê t ) m/s2
– ê r
|a| = (0.7)2 1 = 0.49 1
angle between
= 1.49 m/s = 1. 22 m/s2
2
OA and OP will be 1 10
4 and tan = =tan–1
Now let us resolve (– ê r ) into î and ˆj . 0.7 7
A
(– ê r ) = |– ê r |. cos (– î ) + |– ê r | sin (– ˆj )
N
4 4 h B
But since ê r and ê t are unit vectors R cos θ
Sol.29 R
| ê r | = | ê t | = 1 O
V
(– ê r ) = – 1 î – 1 ˆj = 1 ( î + ˆj )
2 2 2
mg
v2 1 ˆ ˆ
Now a A = (i j) This is a very standard problem for a JEE
r 2 aspirant.
v2 ˆ ˆ Let us say at point B, the particle loses its
aA = – (i j)
r 2 contact. So let us write the equations of
Put v = 2 cm/s and r = 4 cm motions. At point Bi say the particle has
velocity v.
to find a A . mv 2
mg cos = N +
B R
mv 2
N = mg cos – ……. (1)
R
Now when the particle is about to lose
Sol.28 O
a contact, the normal reaction between the
ar particle and surface becomes zero.
at N = 0
C
mv 2
mg cos = …….. (2)
A R
Let us say the circular turn is of the shape AB. Now energy at point A, taking O as reference;
Now at the starting point of the track i. e. C; EA = 0 + mg R
1
a = ar + a t EB = mv2 + mg R cos
2
v 2 ê
a r = centripetal acceleration = (– r ) Using Energy conservation
R
EA = EB
5
v = 36 km/h = 36 × m/s = 10 m/s 1
18 Mg R = mv2 + mg R cos
2
R = 140 m
2 mg R (1 – cos) = mv2
(10)2 5
ar = = m/s2 (– ê r ) mv 2
140 7 2mg (1 – cos) = …… (3)
R
dv
and given that = 1 m/s
dt
S 4.6
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mv 2
Putting this value of in eqn …… (2);
R
mg cos = 2mg (1 – cos)
3 cos = 2
2 2
cos = = cos–1
3 3
2
And now h = R (1 – cos)= R 1 –
3
R
h = m.
3
S 4.7
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Forces and Laws of Motion
B F= N2 f 2
N
m = 10 kg
At point B;
T1
mg=T2 f
Using (i) and (iii) here,
mg T =10g T
2 1
0 (mg)2 F (mg)2 (mg)2
Both the spring show a reading of
10 kg mg F mg 1 2
Sol.2 Here acceleration of the lift is 12 m/s2 Sol.4 Tension will always act along the length
which is greater than 'g'. of the string and opposing the applied force.
F
12m/s2
In option B,
at t = 0 Tension has to act opposite to the applied
force, but there is no string after the end point.
the body will undergo a free fall condition.
Hence the string collapses.
Actually the body loses the contact with the
F
floor of the lift. T
1 1
s = g t2 = × 10 (0. 2)2 m
2 2 In option C,
S = 20 cm. The tension in the string acts towards the
body, thus making the string tough. Hence this
Sol.3 Here we need to understand the concept is the correct representation.
of friction Sol.5 Initially; F is upward Buyoant force
N
a
F1
f
mg mg
We are given that the body is not moving. Mg – F = Ma
Hence balancing the forces in both the Mg – Ma = F …(i)
directions; Now when the mass 'm' is released,
N – mg = 0 …(i)
S 4.8
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Balloon starts rising upwards with an Sol.8 The reason for small steps is that the
acceleration 'a'. lateral forces are decreased. Imagine taking a
large step on concrete. When you put your
F
foot down well in front of you, it will be
pushing forwards on the concrete. And at the
a
end of that step, when that foot is well behind
you, it will be pushing backward on the
concrete. The larger the step, the larger there
(M–m)a forward and backward forces.
F – (M – m)g = (M – m)a …(ii) Our shoes on Ice can only provide or sustain
Solving (i) and (ii); we get small forward/backward forces, before they
2a slip. Hence we try to reduce the friction.
m= M
ag
Sol.9 FBD of A;
Sol.6 Let us assume that the string makes an
T
angle of 'θ1' with the normal of the plane.
a mg –T= ma …(i)
mg
B a
m'
The only external force acting on the sphere is
'mg' which is vertically downward. Hence the
a
string also becomes vertical so as to balance m
A
the force mg. FBD of B;
N
Sol.7 F. B. D of (1) N – m'g = 0 …(ii)
T
T T – m'a = 0 …(iii)
T–mg=0
m m’g
T = mg …(i)
a
mg Using (i) and (iii)
mg = ma + m'a [(i) + (iii)]
m
a= g
T m m'
T T T
m m 2 m Sol.10 Now, the force required to just start the
motion would be the static friction (fs)
F
(1) (2) (3) f
F = fs = s mg
2T cos i.e. after this point the body starts moving.
When the body is moving, kinetic friction acts
T T on the body (i. e μk mg)
m 2 FBD of the body;
F
2T cos – m 2g = 0 …(ii) fk F – fk = ma
2 (mg) cos = m 2g a s mg – k mg = ma
1 (s – k) mg = ma a = (s – k) g
Cos = = a = 0. 98 m/s2
2 4
S 4.9
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.10
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Forces and Laws of Motion
1
w=5
2
= mg cos
30
As θ increases; cos θ decreases. Hence F
A decreases.
50 (l–n)
30N Sol.21
C
w nL
40
B
Fnet = 90 sin 30º – (30 + 5) m
(mass per unit length) =
= 45 – 35 L
Fnet = 10 N upwards Now mass of the part which is hanging=
2F m
F (nL) = nm.
F = 250 L
F
Sol.19 And mass of the part which is on the table =
2F F (1 – n)m
Now total downward force = (nm) g ≡ nmg.
This force has to be balanced by the frictional
= 15º force which is N [(1 – n) mg]
(1 – n) mg = n mg
n
3F – mg sin = ma =
3F 1–n
a= – gsin
m
250 3
a= – 10(0.26) = 7.5 – 2.6 m/s2 =4.9m/s2
100
S 4.11
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Passage-3 (26-29)
Sol.22 Buoyant force = gVimm
A = gv
T
F = (0.9) (103).(10) (0. 2 × 1 × 1 × × 10–2)
B
FB = 18 N.
Now T + FB = W +Fv.
FBD of B;
T FB
T
A
m2 a
mg w Fv
T = W + F v – FB
mg – T = ma …(i)
Fv = 60 N.
FBD of A;
T = 48 + 60 – 18
T = 90 N.
a Now for this the acceleration of the block
A
should be zero.
T
mg sin θ
T
f
mg sin + T = ma …(ii)
(i) + (ii)
mg + mg sin = 2 ma mg sin
mg
mg + = 2ma mg sin = f + T
2
120 – 90 = f
3g f = 30 N
a
4 (mg cos ) = 30
Now using equation (i) 1
( 8 3 .10. ) = 30
mg – T = ma. 2
3mg = 3
.
T = mg – ma = mg –
4 4
mg CIRCULAR DYNAMICS
T
4
Sol.30 Force acting on the particle at any
Sol.23 Here; weight of the book is because of instant is mRω2 towards the center.
the Gravitational Attraction Between earth and
ds
book. There will also be a gravitational force
between book and table, which is very small,
hence always neglected. P
That Gravitational force between table and F
book form an Action-Reaction pair.
i.e. F = mR2 êr [ Radial direction]
Sol.24 Both Assertion and Reason are And the displacement of the particle will be
statements of Newton's laws. 'ds' along tangential direction.
Sol.25 Momentum = m u . i.e. d s = ds ê t
We have to specify reference frame, because
velocities will vary in different frames. So, Now work = F . d s
momentum which implicitly depends on
W = mr2 ds eˆ r .eˆ t
velocity might also very.
S 4.12
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.13
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Forces and Laws of Motion
v2 m 2
TA – TB = ( v – v B2 ) (1)
R A
B Now using conservation of energy theorem;
Sol.39 1
T At point A; EA = mv 2A + UA
2
v1 1
A At point B; EB = mv B2 + UB
2
mg EA = EB
In a vertical motion, the speed of ball doesn’t 1
m( v 2A – v B2 )= UB – UA
remain constant and as we discussed earlier, 2
centripetal force can’t be constant in direction But we can observe that both points A and B
itself, so its ruled out. are at same heights from the center.
And for tension, consider two points A, B UA = – UB
mv 2A ˆ m 2 2
T A = mg (– j ) TA – TB = . (UB – UA) = (UB – UA)
R R m R
is constant
mvB2
and TB = ( î ) mv 2
R
R
Hence tension is also not constant. Now
gravitational force on the ball is (mg) at any N
point on the circle. mg
Sol.41
Sol.40 At point A :-
mv 2A
mv 2
R mg + N =
R
mg cos
TA R
v= (mg N)
A y m
Now for minimum case; let us say he just loses
mg contact
x
i.e. N = 0
B v= 9R . This is the minimum speed.
Multiple correct
mg
mv 2A C
TA + mg cos = F
R N
mv 2A
TA = – mg cos D F F
R Sol.42 B
and for point B,
F
TB A
Consider the figure, with force F on the particle
Mg cos at different instants of time.
mvB2
So it is evident that there should be some
R
other forces such that particle will have uniform
mvB2 circular motion
TB = mg cos +
R
mv 2
mvB2 F + F 2 =m a
Now TA – TB = A
– Since it’s a uniform circular motion
R R
S 4.14
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Forces and Laws of Motion
N cos
at = 0 N
v2
a = ar =
R Sol.46. N sin
mv 2
F + F2 =
R
Now resultant of both the forces F and F 2 is mg
2
mv mv 2
which in turn keeps changing both in N sin =
r R
direction as well as magnitude. Horizontal component of normal force
mv 2 provides the centripetal force. Hence false.
F2 = êr – F
R Reason:-
A curved path need not always be circular
Angle between êr and F keeps varying. path. In case of elliptical paths, the force is not
necessarily centripetal.
Assertion and Reason
N
Sol.43 Concept of centrifugal force comes into Sol.47.
picture only in a non-inertial frame. So, both of
them cannot co-exist in a same frame.
Although it is true that they are equal and
opposite they can't cancel each other because
N cos = mg
of this.
N cos mv 2
N sin =
N R
So bending inwards is always essential. He
Sol.44 N sin does it so as to get horizontal component of
normal force as centripetal force. Although
bending lowers his center of gravity, it’s not
the reason.
mv 2 N
N sin =
R
N cos = mg Sol.48.
It is not the friction between the tyres that
provide him centripetal force, but it is
component of Normal force.
Sol.45 From the above solution;
N cos = mg
mv 2
We can write N sin = mv 2
R N sin =
R
N cos = mg
v2
m(2v)2 mv 2 tan =
Now when v is doubled, =4. Rg
R R
Tendency is quadrupled when velocity is doubled;
And also (2v)2 V2
tan f = = 4.
v2 Rg Rg
tan = as v θ Hence skidding tendency is quadrupled.
rg
Sol.49. Assertion is explained in Q. 46 and
Reason is true (It is conceptual)
S 4.15
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Rg (10)(10) V0
tan = 1 or = 45°
Sol.53. N = 5N
N + mg
(f)max = N= (0. 5)(5) = 2. 5 N
Equation of motion will be
mv 20 mv 20
5N N + mg = or N= – mg
R R
N R (The radius of curvature) in first case is
minimum. Therefore, normal reaction N will be
w = 0.98 N maximum in first case.
For vertical equilibrium of the block Note in the question it should be mentioned that
F = mg = 0.98 N < (f)max all the four tracks are frictionless. Otherwise, v0
will be different in different tracks.
Sol.54. Tangential force (Ft) of the bead will be
given by the normal reaction (N), while Sol.56. Equilibrium of insect give
centripetal force (Fc) is provided by friction (fr). N = mg cos
The bead starts sliding when the centripetal N = mg sin
force is just equal to the limiting friction.
N N
L Ft
A x
Fc mg sin
mg cos
mg
From Equation (i) and (ii). We get
Ft is inwards
cot = 1/ = 3
S 4.16
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T=Mg N
Sol.57.
f
F cos 60°
T= Mg
mg
mg+ F sin 60°
Free body diagram of pulley is shown in figure.
Vertical
Pulley is in equilibrium under four forces.
Three forces as shown in figure and the fourth,
which is equal and opposite to the resultant of
these three forces, is the force applied by the Horizontal
clamp on the pulley (say F).
Resultant R of these three forces is
For vertical equilibrium of the block
R = ( (M m)2 M2 )g N = mg + F sin 60°
Therefore, the force F is equal and opposite to F
= 3g+ 3 ……. (i)
R as shown in figure. 2
F = ( (M m)2 M2 )g For no motion, force of friction
f F cos 60°
F
or N F cos 60°
Mg or 1
( 3g
3F
)
F
2 3 2 2
F
or g or F 2g or 20 N
R 2
Therefore, maximum value of F is 20 N.
Mg+mg
mg Since, f 0
Free body diagram of mass 2 m is N 0
T T
Correct answer is (d).
S 4.17
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Forces and Laws of Motion
y tan = 1 or = 45°
Sol.62 N
x
Sol.66
mg 90°–
T
N sin = mg
N cos = ma
g
tan =
a C
a
cot = = tan(90° – ) mg
g r
dy R = sinθ
= = 2kx
dx T cos component will cancel mg.
a
x= T sin component will provide necessary
2kg centripetal force to the ball towards centre C.
T sin = mr2 = m ( sin) 2
Sol.63 When
or T = m2
P = mg (sin – cos )
F = mg cos (upwards) T
=
when P = mg sin m
f=0
Tmax 324
and when P = mg(sin + cos ) or max = = = 36rad/s
m 0.5 0.5
f = mg cos (downwards)
Hence friction is first positive, then zero and Correct option is (d).
then negative.
Correct option is (a).
CIRCULAR DYNAMICS
Sol.65 T
mg
mv 2
FBD of bob is T sin =
R
and T cos = mg
v2 (10)2
tan = =
Rg (10)(10)
S 4.18
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mg
N = (m1 + m2)g …(i)
N – mg = 0 N = mg.
In case II;
Case (b)
Now rope pulls the man up;
In the frame of the lift;
ma
N
(pseudo
force) man a = 5 m/s2 T
T m2 N
m1 m1 g = T T
mg
N + ma = mg m1 g
T
N m(g – a) m1 m2 g
N = 70 (10 – 5) T + N = m2g
N = 70 × 5 N N = m2g – T
N = 350 Newton N = m2g – m1g
Case (c):
N (m2 – m1 )g
N
Hence normal force is less in second case.
m a
Sol.3 In climbing the rope, monkey tries to pull
mg ma down the rope, and the rope pulls the monkey
N = mg + ma upwards.
N = m(a + g)
N = 70 (10 + 5)
N = 70 (15)
N = 1050 Newton m =40 kg
Now In this case a = g downward,
from case (b); T
N = m (g – a) On monkey;
N = m(g – g)
N=0 mg
i. e the man is in free fall. T
Now in case (a) a =6
mg
S 4.19
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T – mg = ma A’ = 2 – 1.5
T = m (g + a) A’ = 0.5 m/s2
T = 40 (10 + 6) Now this fairly a relative motion problem;
T = 640 N Box has to cover a distance of 5 m to fall off
But Tmax = 600 N, hence the string breaks. from the truck;
Case b: 1
s = 0t at2
T 2
a =4 m/s2 1
5 = (0.5)t2
2
mg
T = 20 s.
mg – T = ma Now in the meantime, distance traveled by the
T = m(g – a) …(i) 1
T = 40 (10 – 4) truck in s = (2)(20)
2
T = 40 × 6
s 20m
T 240N
Distance from the starting point where the
T < Tmax.
box lands is 15m.
Case c :
u = 5 m/s uniformly F
i.e. a = 0
Helicopter
T = mg
M 15 m/s2
= 40 (10)
Sol.5 m Crew
T = 400 N
T Tmax.
Case d: (M + m)g
In this case; F is the force on helicopter due to the
Put a = g in case (b) surrounding air
We get t = m (g – a) F – (M + m)g = (M + m)a
T = m (g – g) F = (M + m)g + (M + m)a
T=0 F = (M + m) (g + a)
F = (1300) (25) N
Sol.4 Now with respect to the truck; forces on F = 32500 N upwards
the mass ‘m’ are Now using newton’s third law, force by
μ = 0.15 helicopter on surrounding air is F downward,
ma (pseudo force) i.e. 32500 downwards.
a Now if we consider the crew,
5m N
m
N
m ma mg ma
f N = m (a + g)
mg N = 300 (25)
N = 7500 N upwards.
ma – f = ma’
force on the floor by the crew is 7500 N
N = mg
downwards.
And f = N = mg
ma – mg = ma’
a' a – g
a’ = 2 – (0.15) (10)
S 4.20
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Sol.6 = 0.18 T1
a C T1 – mg = ma …(i)
a = 0.5 m/s 0<t 20
a=0 t > 20 mg
For an observer on ground, this is how he T1
depicts the FBD of mass,
m a B
T2 + mg – T1 = ma …(ii)
f
T2
f = ma
Now let us check for any sliding. mg
f fs …(i) [Condition for no sliding]
T2
fs = mg = (0. 18) (15 × 10) = 27 N.
and f = ma 15(0. 5) = 7. 5 N. a A mg – T2 = ma …(iii)
hence no sliding.
The observer will find the body to move with mg
acceleration of 0. 5 m/s.
now, (i) + (ii)
Now since there is no sliding, there is no
gives T2 = 2ma
relative motion w. r. t. the trolley.
now using this is equation (iii)
Hence observer on trolley will find the mass to
be at rest. g 2g
a and T2
k1 k2 3 3
Sol.7
m
Sol.9 O
k1 k2
m
T2 cos
x T2
k1x T2 sin T1
k2x m
m A
B
k1x + k2x = ma
T2
(k k 2 )x
a= 1
m T2sin A T1 T2 cos = mg …(i)
mg
Sol.8 T2 sin = T1 …. (ii)
T2 mg sec
T1
T1 (ii) / (i) tan =
mg
a C T1
T1 mg tan
B Now just after the string AB is burnt,
a
T2 T2 = mg cos
T2
A
mg
S 4.21
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.22
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Forces and Laws of Motion
f acos t02
. = vm …(i)
2 2
mg sin 2 2
v = acos . m g
2m2 2
a sin
2
v = mg cos
2asin2
we see that in equation (i)
mg sin a – mg cos = ma
acos 2
a = g sin – g cos v= t
2m
a g(sin – cos ) dx acos 2
v= = t
Now time taken by the block to reach point O; dt 2m
1 acos 2
s= ot + at2 dx = t dt
2 2m
s = cos Integrating on both sides;
x t0
1 acos 2
cos = g (sin – cos ) t2
2
0
dx
0
2m
t dt
2 cos 3
t0
t= acos t
g(sin – cos ) x=
2m 3
0
for minimum t;
dt acos mg 3
= 0. x=
d 6m asin
1 –1 –1
We get = tan
2 Sol.16 first let us calculate the limiting friction
on blocks ‘A’ and ‘B’.
Sol.15 f cos = ma …(i)
f sin + N = mg …(ii)
B A
F sin
fsA = mg
F
fsB = mg
F cos
3
Now when a force of mg acts on the
4
mg block A; it doesn’t cause any motion in A.
Now at the moment, contact is lost; 3
Hence; F = fA = mg
N=0 4
F sin = mg And string is left unaltered. Hence tension is
at0sin = mg zero. And hence fB = T = zero
3
mg (b) Now when force of mg is applied,
t0 = 2
asin Body A will tend to move forward. (F fs)
dv Let us assume that the whole system moves
now F cos = ma m
dt with on acceleration ‘a’.
dv a
at cos = m
dt
Integrating on both sides
t0 T T
v
B A F
0
(acos )tdt = m dv
fB fA
0
On body A;
S 4.23
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Forces and Laws of Motion
a Let mass of A be mA = m
mc = m
N mB = 4m
T F friction force = μmAg
fA f =
mA g g
acceleration of B aB = =
mg mb mB 4
F – T – fA = ma …(i) mcg – mAg
mg = N …(ii) Acceleration of A aA =
mc mA
fA = mg …(iii)
mg(1 – ) (1 – )
On body B; = = g
2m 2
N
Relative acceleration a = aA – aB
T g(1 – ) g g
= – = (2 – 3)
fB 2 4 4
1 2
mg at =
2
T – fB = ma …(iv)
1 g 13
fB = mg …(v) (2 – 3 ) t2 =
2 4 16
Adding (i) and (iv);
13
F – (fA + fB) = 2ma t2 =
2(2 – 3)g
3
mg – (2 mg) = 2 ma 1 2
2 Distance travelled by B = at
2 B
a is negative
It means that our assumption that both the = 1 g . 13
= 13
2 4 2(2 – 3)g 16(2 – 3)
bodies move is false.
T F
Sol.18 mass m2 = m1
fA
Friction force on m1 f = km1 g cos
F – T – fA = 0
Gravitational force on m1, f1 = m1 g sin α
T = F – fA
m2g – f – f1
3 acceleration a =
T = mg – mg m1 m2
2
T=
mg m1g – km1gcos – m1gsin
2 =
m1 m1
Now we can see that
g( – k cos – sin )
a=
T (n 1)
fB Sol.19 By constrains of string,
mg Acceleration of A equals to B
T = fB = fs mg
2 aA = ac = a
Block B cannot move. Since they both are (mA + mC) a = (mA + mC) g sin
connected to each other, even A can’t move. – (mC) g cos
2 ma = 2 mg sin – mg cos
1
Sol.17 Length of block A = a = (2g sin – tan g cos )
4 2
distance travelled by A relative to B 3
= g sin
1 4
3
= + 3
4 44 aA = aC = g sin
4
13 Now for B, tensions of string cancel each other
0 =
16 and no friction exists.
S 4.24
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Hence the only acceleration is due to gravity For minimum tension acceleration is zero
aB = g sin mg sin = T cos – N
mg sin = T cos – mg cos + T sin β
Sol.20 m will have acceleration vertically
downword. Let call it am. T = mg(sin cos )
cos sin
M will have acceleration along inclined plane
dT
lets call is aM = mg(sin cos ) d (cos sin)
d –(cos sin )2 d
m, M have no relative acceleration vertically
For minimum T, dT = 0
downward, d
aM sin = am …. (i)
Let normal force on block be N, d (cos β + sin β) = 0
d
mg – N = m am
– sin β + cos β = 0
N = m (g – am)
= tan β
N 1
β = tan–1 cos β =
M 2 1
sin β =
M g sin 2 1
From free body diagram of wedge mg(sin cos ) mg(sin cos )
T= =
Mg sin + N sin = M am 1 2
2 1
mg sin + m(g – am) sin = Mam 2 1 2 1
mg sin + (m (g – aM sin ) sin =M am
(m M)gsin Sol.24 frictional force f = km2g
am =
M msin2 a1 = F – f (F > f)
(m M)gsin 2 m1
am = (am = aM sin )
M msin2 at km2g
a1 =
Sol.22 Let mass of A = m m1
Mass of B = m at – km2g
Let normal reaction between surfaces be N a1 = (t > t0)
m1
aB = Nsin = Nsin
mB m km2g
a2 = = kg (t > t0)
mg – Ncos m2
aA =
m for t < to , f acts as internal force as there is no
aA = aB tan sliding
N at
g– cos = Nsin tan a1 = a2 = (t < t0)
m m m1 m2
N sin tan a1 a2
g= cos
m
N g t t
= t0 t0
m cos sin tan
Till time to , the bodies move together.
g
aB = N sin = at t = t0, f = k m2g
m cot tan
m2
aA = aB tan = g
m1
cot 2 1
S 4.25
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Forces and Laws of Motion
xc
Sol.25 Let mass of motor = m
2(xB – xA) + (xB – xC) = Constant
mass of bar = 2m
3aB – 2aA = 0
2m w = T – 2mg k
3
T = 2 m (w + kg) aA = aB
2
Let acceleration or motor be am
m am = T – mg K 11
F = 35 aB
1
am = [2mw 2m kg – mkg] 2
m 300 2
aB = = 1.558 ms-2
am = 2w + kg 385
Relative accelerator a = am + w 3
= 3w + k g aA = aB = 2. 338 ms2
2
1 2 T = 81. 8 N
at =
2
2 2 Sol.28 m1g – 2T1 = m1a1
t= =
a 3w kg a1 = g – T
m1
m2g – 2T + T = m2a2
Sol.26
a2 = g – T
m2
F
m3g – 2T = m3a3
a3 = g – 2T
m3
T Constraint equation
m
2T cos = F x1
x2
F
T = x3
2cos
Tsin
Horizontal acceleration ax =
m
F sin Ftan F x
= = = .
2cos m 2m 2m x2 + (x2 – x1) + 2x1 + x3 + (x3 – x2) = constant
( )2 – (x)2
x1 + x2 + 2x3 = constant
Fx a1 + a2 + 2a3 = 0
ax = 1
2m( 2
– 2 2
x ) g– T +g– T + 2g – 4T = 0
m1 m2 m3
Acceleration of approach = 2ax
1 1 4
fx 4g – T
m m m
=0
= 1 1 2 3
2
m( – x2 ) 2 4g 4.m1m2m3g
T= =
1 1 4 m2m3 m1m3 4m1m2
Sol.27 Let tension in thread = T
F – 3T = 35 aB m1 m2 m3
2T = 70 aA
S 4.26
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Sol.29 F = 30t N
T = 10 t N
wt. of A = 10 m1
= 10 N mv 2
(a) Block A loses contact when T = weight R
10t = 10 Sol.31
t=1s
Similarly 2T = 10m2 when B loses contact
20t = 10(4)
t = 2s mg
(b) Net force on A FA = 10 t – 10 (t > 1)
aA = 1 (10t – 10) mv 2
m1 N sin = (1)
R
aA = (10t – 10) N cos = mg (2)
dv A
= 10t – 10 Dividing (1) and (2)
dt
tan = v
2
2
Rg
vA =
(10t – 10).dt 5
1 v = 108 km/h = 108 × m/s
2 18
= 5t2 – 10t v = 30 m/s
1
v = 5 ms –1 R = 90 m
t 30.30
2
t
tan = =1
(c) vA =
(10t – 10)dt = 5t – 10t
1
90.10
1
2
vA = 5t – 10t + 5 =
4
dh squaring (1) and (2) and adding them;
= 5t2 – 10t + 5
dt 2
mv 2
2 N2 (sin2 + cos2) = + (mg)
2
H= dh = (5t 2
– 10t 5)dt R
1 2
2 mv 2
5 5 N = (mg)
2
= t3 – 5t2 5t = m.
3 3 R
1
N = m (10) (10)
2 2
S 4.27
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Forces and Laws of Motion
= 60° mv 2
= mg
angle with the horizontal is (90°– )= 30° R
mv 2 v = Rg
and T sin=
R
3 = 0.4 v2
8.
2 4 Sol.35
v= 40( 3) m/s
v = 8. 3 m/s
T mv 2
Sol.33 Speed of the particle just before the
string breaks is v. Now after the string is R
broken; the path of the stone will be; mv 2
T=
v R
Now for vmax;
we have Tmax = 500 N
2 1v 2
500 =
1
v = 500 = 10 5 m/s
v = 22.36 m/s
10
writing the equations of motion; mv 2
cos
1 2 R
along y : 2 = gt (1) N
2
along x : 10=vt (2) Sol.36 mv 2
Solving for v; we get R
v = 15.8 m/s
v2
mgcos
and centripetal acceleration = mg sin
R mv 2
mg sin
(15.8)2
R
a= = 168.3 m/s2
1.5 mv 2
B N= sin + mg cos
v R
mv 2
f= cos – mg sin
R
Sol.34 Contact force is N + f
And the angle with which the force and the
surface of the contact lie is
f
A u tan–1
N
Writing down the equation of motions at point
A and B; But here given that the force is normal to the
At B:- surface
friction force = 0
mv 2
TB = – mg mv 2
R cos – mg sin = 0
R
At A :-
tan = v
2
mu2
TA = + mg Rg
R
Now for completing the circle; v2
= tan–1
Tension at the highest point has to be non- Rg
zero; or else the particle will fall down. 5 250
So for the minimum case, T 0 v = 100 km/h = 100. = m/s
18 9
TB = 0 Find now !
S 4.28
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Forces and Laws of Motion
A Sol.39
Let us say the circular turn is of the shape AB. T
Now at the starting point of the track i.e. C;
mv 2
a = ar + a t
R
v 2 ê
a r = centripetal acceleration = (– r )
mg
R
5 mv 2
S 4.29
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Forces and Laws of Motion
N FBD of m1;
f a
2 T
mrω M1 F1 F1 – T = m1a (1)
FBD of m2 :
mg a
N = mg cos + mr ω2 sin M2 F2 T – F2 = m2a (2)
F = mg sin – mr ω2 cos T
We know that f = N Adding equation (1) and (2)
mgsin– mrω2cos=[mg cos + mrω2sin] F1 – F2 = (m1 + m2)a
Separating all ω2 terms to one side; F1 = mRω2 F2 = 2 mRω2
2
(r sin+r cos)ω2=g sin – g cos – mRω = 3m a
R2
g(sin – cos ) a=–
ω= 3
R sin ( sin cos )
Using equation (1)
Now for maximum limit case;
S 4.30
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Forces and Laws of Motion
R2 mv 2
mRω2 – T = m – A N R
3
Rsin
mR2 ma
T = mRω + 2 B
R cos
3 Sol.45 R
4 mg
T= mRω2
3
Total force = m. | a | = m
K(R Kt 4 ) v= 2R(asin g(1 – cos ))
Now we know that work done by normal force
in a circular motion is zero
B
ωN = 0 Sol.46.
Now only work is done by tangential force
O A
(m. KR )ds (1)
We know that
d d ds
Power = .
dt ds dt Let us consider the part OAB;
d T cos/2
P = v.
ds T
= KR × t × m KR T sin/2
P = mKRt
t
/2
mKRt dt mR2ω2
Avg power = 0 /2
t
dt
0 T sin/2
1
Pavg = mKRt T
2 T cos/2
m is the mass of the part OAB.
2T sin = mR2ω2
2
now for small values of ; sin = ;
2T. = mRω2
2
S 4.31
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T = mRw2 (1)
v2
ar =
Now m = ()(Length) = (). R R
T = (R)Rω2
dv
T = R2ω2 at = =a
dt
v 2 ê
Sol.47. anet = aradial + a tangential
anet = (– r ) + a ( ê t )
R
v2
. (– ê r ); a t = a( ê t )
2
ar = v2
R | anet | = a
2
2 R
v2
| anet | = a2 m/s2
R f = m| anet |
under static conditions
B
2
v2
Sol.48. A mg = m a
2
R
w v = [(2g2 – a2)R2]1/4
O
Sol.50. FBD of M;
N
Consider the part OAB;
Let the mass of this strip be ‘dm’
T
MLω2
f
/2 dmv 2
Mg
/2 R
f = MLω2; N = Mg
and for static conditions;
f = N = Mg
T Mg = MLω2
dm.v 2 g
2T sin = ω=
2 R L
For very small values of ; sin θ
dm.v 2 dm.v 2
2T = ; T. =
2 R R
m m m v 2
Now dm = .R.= T = .
2R 2 2 R
mv 2
T=
2R
at
Sol.49. a
ar
anet = a r + a t
S 4.32
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Sol.1 m1g
A x a
For m2:
B (L–x)
f
m N1 N2 N1 – N2 = m2a; …(iv)
λ (linear density) of chain =
L m2g – f = 0; …(v)
Now at point A; m2 g
T a
For m3;
m
(L – x)g Ng
L
3
m
Sol.3 a m
Hence we have 2T force,
F m2 2T = 2ma + 2mg
m1 m3
a1 = (T/m) – g
/2
Now let us say the whole system moves with
an acceleration 'a'. F /2
(B) /2
F = (m1 + m2 + m3) a … (i) /2
Let as consider Individual masses;
For m1 ;
T
m
m
S 4.33
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T = 2m (a) N2 N1
T f2
a= –g
2m
F T m1 F
(C)
f1
T m1g
m F – f1 – f2 – T = m1a …(i)
m m1g + N2 = N1 …(ii)
T – 2mg = 2ma FDB of m2;
T N2
a= –g
2m
/2
T m2
F /2
(D) T/2 f2
m2 g
T/4 T/4 N2 – m2g = 0 …(iii)
m m T – f 2 = m2 a …(iv)
f2 = N2 = m2g …(v)
(T/4) – mg = ma T = m2a + m2g
T T = (a + μg) m2 …(vi)
a= –g
4m f1 = N1 = (m1g + m2g) = g (m1 + m2)
Here in case A, we have maximum In equation (i)
acceleration. Hence it requires minimum time. F – g (m1 + m2) – m2g – (a + g)m2 = m1a.
F = (m1 + m2) a + 3m2g + m1g
Sol.5 Lift moving uniformly means lift is F = (m1 + m2)a + g (m1 + 3m2)
moving without any acceleration. Put a = 0.3 m/s2 and m1 = 0.7 kg, m2 = 0.2 kg
Hence in both the cases; acceleration of the to get the value of force.
coin is 'g'.
t1 = t2. Sol.7
N
m
Sol.6 F1
mg cos
T
m2
mg
T 700 gm F As force F tends to push the mass upwards,
m1
friction will tend to oppose it. So, it will act
Now if m1 moves with an acceleration 'a' downwards.
towards right; m2 will have an acceleration of F = f + mg sin
'a' towards left. f = N = mg cos
[ string constraint] F1 = mg cos + mg sin α …(i)
FBD of m1; Now when pushing downwards, friction will be
acting upwards,
S 4.34
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Forces and Laws of Motion
N F2 a1
m f
N ma N
m T
f
F m2 F
f m2a
F – f – m2a = 0
mg
F = m2a + f …(iii)
F–T–f=0 Now when the mass m1 just tends to slide;
N + ma = mg f = N = m1g
F = f + T …(i) m1a1 = m1g (from (ii))
N = mg – ma …(ii) a1 = g.
FBD of M; Now from (i) F = (m1 + m2) g
at = (m1 + m2) g
N1 Ma (m1 m2 )g
t=
M a
f T
Sol.10
N
m1
Mg m1 p
A P=kt
f
T–f=0 …(iii)
N1 + Ma = Mg …(iv) m2 B
From (i) and (iii); m1g
F=f+f p – f = m1a …(i)
F = 2f ; N = m1g …(ii)
f = N = (mg – ma) f
m2
F = m (g – a)
f = m2a…(iii)
F = 2 m (g – a).
S 4.35
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Forces and Laws of Motion
Now for f m1g; the three blocks will slide for a minimum force
Both the block will move together; of 60 N.
Adding (i) and (iii);
P = (m1 + m2)a. Sol.12 m2g – T = m2a1 …(i)
P k
a = = t
m1 m2 m1 m2
Now for f = m1g; this is the maximum
frictional force; a
f = m2a2 T
T
m1g = m2a2 /4
m2
m1g m1
a2 = which is constant
m2 On m1;
And P – f = m1a Tsin
P – mg = m1a.
N
kt – m1g T cos m1
a1 =
m1 f
Hence option C. m1g
N + T sin = m1g
Sol.11 Now let us check the limiting frictions T cos – f = m2a2
between the three surfaces Now for just initiating the motion;
a1= a2 =0
m2g – T = 0 …(i)
(1) A P
T cos – f = 0 …(ii)
1 = 0.3
(2) B m2g cos = f …(iii)
2 = 0.2
f = N = (m1g – T sin )
(3) C 3 = 0.1 = (m1g – m2g sin )
fs = 1(mA g) = 90 N m2gcos = (m1g – m2g sin )
1
m2 cos
fs = 2(mA + mB)g = 80 N m =
2
m1 – m2 sin
fs = 3(mA + mB + mC) g = 60 N. put = /4.
3
2 = 0.4
Now let us assume P would be greater than
60 N and less than 80 N.
For this P; Sol.13
f1 = P [ f1 < fs 90]
1 1 = 0.2
A p
f1
Here f2 is greater than the maximum static Now let us calculate the fs + fs
1 2
friction between C and ground. Hence the
fs = 1 . (m1g cos )
block C will slide on the ground. There by all 1
S 4.36
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Forces and Laws of Motion
N1 A T cos
B
A
mg f1
Acceleration of block will be zero. Since its
FBD of B; constrained.
N1 mg + f1 = T sin …(i)
T N1 = T cos …(ii)
f1 f2
B
N1 B N2
f mBg cos
mBg sin
Mg
S 4.37
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.38
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mg sin + ma cos
mg cos Now in this question; the downward
mg
component of mg sin has to be balanced.
N + ma sin = mg cos …(iii) max cos
mg sin + ma cos = ma' …(iv)
from (i) and (iii);
max
N = mg cos – mg sin
Now in equation (i)
N sin = Ma
mg sin
(mg cos – ma sin ) sin = Ma
S 4.39
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.40
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mg mg
v2 2as2
(0. 8) ar = =
R mR
2 2
which is not true.
dv dv ds
at = =
Hence the body would have started sliding dt ds dt
f = fs = N = mg cos = mg/ 2
dv
a t = v.
Similar case for = 60º and 75º ds
dv 2a
=
CIRCULAR DYNAMICS ds m
v2
2as
Sol.31 Centripetal acceleration = r2 or at =
r m
Given that both have same periods. a = ar + a t
So ω1 = ω2
|a| = ar2 a2t
a1 = Rω2 a2 = rω2
a1 R
2
2as2 2as
2
= =
a2 r
mR m
Sol.32 Max Tension the string can sustain
Tmax = 10 N. 2as s 2
|a| = 1 2
1 m R
Mass of the stone = 250 gm = kg.
4
| F | = m |a|
Length of string = 10 cm = 0.1 m
T = mrω2 s2
= 2as 1
2
Tmax = mr max R2
anet
at
T
0.1m Sol.36
O ar
Tmax
ωmax =
mr
10 Given speed = v; and
ωmax = dv
1 =a
0.1 dt
4
v2 êr
ar =
= 400 rad/s r
wmax = 20 rad/s.
a t = a ê t
r
S 4.41
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Forces and Laws of Motion
2 T cos = mg
mv 2
f= (ma)
2 & T sin = mrω2 ; r = L + L sin
r T sin = mω2 L (1 + sin)
and f = mg 2
T sin L(1 sin )
Hence options B,C =
T cos g
Comprehension Type :-
N cos Passage-I :- Q. 39, 40, 41
N
mv 2
Sol.37 R
N sin
mg N
Since 0, there would be no frictional force. At any instant, say speed is v. Normal force
N cos = mg against wall,
2
N = mv
2
N sin = mv
R R
2 Now frictional force, f = N
mv 2 2
F = mv (– ê t )
2
N = (mg)
R R
2
N > mg as well as N > mv And tangential acceleration say a t
R 2
Now m a t = mv (– ê t )
Now when speed of the car is less than vc = 40 R
km/hr and if we consider the frame of car; v 2
(– ê t )
Both these forces are made equal through at =
R
proper banking. dv
mv 2c and also a t =
mgsin cos dt
R dv 2
Now if v < vcritical , = – v
dt R
2
Then mg sin > mv cos dv
= – . dt
R
v 2 R
It slips downwards.
Integrating both sides
w v
Sol.38 L dv t
L v
v0
2 =–
R dt
0
v
1 t
– =–
L sin v v 0
R
Free body diagram of mass m; 1 t
= 1 +
T v v0 R
2
mrw2 Sol.41. at = – v
R
dv dv dx dv
at = = . =v
mg dt dx dt dx
dv 2
Resolving into components v = – v
dx R
S 4.42
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Forces and Laws of Motion
A VA
A u 3 Rg
At point A;
At point B; mv 2A
mvB2 TA = mg + (1)
TB = R
R At point B;
S 4.43
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mvB2
TB = (2) vc
R
mg
At point C;
mv 2C T
TC = – mg (3)
R
1 2
Energy at point A = mv (point A is assumed
2 A
to be ground)
v 2c
a net = a r = = 60 m/s2
1 R
EB = mvB2 + mgR mv 2
2 N cos
1 2 R
EC = mv C + 2mgR mv 2
2
Now given that vA = 10 R
mg sin
So; EA = EB (using conservation of energy) Sol.47.
1 1 2 mg
m(10)2 = m( vB ) + mg(1). [R = 1, vA= 10,
2 2
m = 1] mv 2
sinmg cos
R
vB = 80 m/s 2
and similarly N = mv sin + mg cos (1)
R
1 1 2
EA = EC (10)2 = v + g(2) Now depending on condition, friction can be
2 2 C upwards or downwards.
vc = 60 m/s For maximum speed, friction is downwards.
2
from (1), (2), (3) f = mv cos – mg sin (2)
TA = 10 + 100 = 110 N R
TB = 80 N mv 2
And also f = N sin mgcos
TC = 50 N R
minimum tension is 50 N 2
When string is horizontal i.e. at point B; = mv cos mgsin
R
msin mcos
v2 –
T mv 2
R R
R = – (mg sin+ mg cos )
mg mg(sin cos )
v=
m
ar =
vB2
= 80 m/s2 (– î ) (– sin cos )
R R
ˆ
a t = g = 10 m/s2 (– j )
vmax. =
Rg(sin cos )
(cos – sin )
a net = a r + a t And for the minimum speed;
friction will be acting upwards
| a net | = (80)2 (10)2 2
f = mg sin – mv cos (3)
| a | = 10 65 m/s2 R
At point C; tangential acceleration is zero And following the same argument
for f = 0
v2
tan =
Rg
v= Rgtan (4)
S 4.44
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.45
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.46
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Forces and Laws of Motion
g m g R mg
R> or > g / R
2 F = kx = =
Therefore, minimum value of should be
R 4 4
60° P Fx = 5 3 mg
8
O Therefore, tangential acceleration of the ring,
Fx
Hence, OP = R aT = ax = = 5 3g
m 8
aT = 5 3 g
8
Normal reaction N : Net force along y-axis on the
ring just after the release will be zero.
C Fy = 0
N N + F cos 60° = mg cos 60°
N = mg cos60° – F cos 60°
F P mg mg 1 mg mg
= – = –
O 2 2
4 2 8
3mg
mg N=
8
Natural length of spring is 3R/4.
Extension in the spring Sol.57. Given,
3R R m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 5 kg, = 10 rad/s
x=R– =
4 4 r = 0.3 m, r1 = 0.124 m
Spring force, r2 = r – r1 = 0.176 m
(a) Masses m1 and m2 are at rest with respect
to rotating table.
S 4.47
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Forces and Laws of Motion
S 4.48
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Forces and Laws of Motion
T T CIRCULAR DYNAMICS
T T
Sol.60 Tangential force (F1) of the bead will be
A fB=
2mg
B given by the normal reaction (N), while
3
mg =(fB)max centripetal force (Fc) is provided by friction (fr).
F2= fA= mg F1=
2mg
2 The bead starts sliding when the centripetal
3 2 2
force is just equal to the limiting friction.
Therefore, friction on A is
fA = mg/3 2 (down the plane)
Now for tension T in the string, we may
consider either equilibrium of A or B F1
L
Equilibrium of A gives x
A
mg mg 4mg 2 2mg Fc
T = F2 + fA = + = or
2 3 2 3 2 3
Similarly, equilibrium of B gives T + fB = F1
2mg 2mg 4mg
or T = F1 – fB = – =
2 3 3 2 Ft is inwards
2 2mg Therefore,
or
3 Ft = ma = mL = N
2 2mg Limiting value of friction
Therefore, tension in the string is (fr)max = N = mL …… (i)
3
Sol.59 Acceleration of A down the plane, Angular velocity at time t is = t
aA = g sin 45° – A g cos 45° Centripetal force at time t will be
Fc = mL2 = mL2t2 …… (ii)
1 1
= (10) – (0. 2)(10) Equating equation (i) and (ii), we get
2 2
t=
= 4 2 m/s2
Similarly acceleration of B down the plane,
For t > , Fc > (fr)max i.e. , the bead starts
aB = g sin 45° – B g cos 45°
1 1 sliding.
(10) – (0.3)(10) = 3.5 2 m/s2
2 2 In the figure Ft is perpendicular to the paper
The front face of A and B will come in a line inwards.
when,
sA = sB + 2 Sol.61 Since, the block rises to the same heights
1 1 in all the four cases, from conservation of energy,
or aAt2 = aBt2 + 2 speed of the block at highest point will be same
2 2
1 1 in all four cases. Say it is v0.
× 4 2 × t2 = × 3. 5 2 × t2 + 2
2 2
v0
Solving this equation, we get
t = 2s
Further,
1 1 N + mg
sA = aAt2 = × 4 2 × (2)2 = 8 2 m
2 2 Equation of motion will be
Hence, both the blocks will come in a line after mv 20
N + mg =
A has travelled a distance 8 2 m down the R
plane. mv 20
or N = – mg
R
R (the radius of curvature) in first case is
minimum. Therefore, normal reaction N will be
maximum in first case.
S 4.49
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Forces and Laws of Motion
mg sin
mg cos
mg
Correct options are (b) and (c).
C
Sol.63 A rotating/revolving frame is N
accelerating and hence non-inertial. Therefore,
correct options are (b) and (d). F P
1kg
2 ms–1 O
Sol.64
Natural length of spring is 3R/4.
1 kg 5 kg
Extension in the spring
m1 – m2 2m2 3R R
v1' = v1 + v2 x=R– =
m1 m2 m1 m2 4 4
1 –5 Spring force,
–2= v1 + 0 (as v2 = 0) m g R mg
1 5 F = kx = =
v1 = 3 ms–1 R 4 4
m –m 2m1 The free body diagram of the ring will be as
v 2' = 2 1 v2 + v1 shown.
m2 m1 m1 m2
mg
2 1 Here, F = kx =
=0+ (3) = 1 ms–1 4
6 and N = Normal reaction.
PCM = Pi = (1)(3) = 3 kg-m/s
S 4.50
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Forces and Laws of Motion
N
60°
60°
F
O 60°
ax
mg
Fx = F sin 60° + mg sin60°
m g 3 3
= + mg
4 2 2
Fx = 5 3 mg
8
Therefore, tangential acceleration of the ring,
Fx
aT = ax = = 5 3g
m 8
aT = 5 3 g
8
Normal reaction N Net force along y-axis on the
ring just after the release will be zero
Fy = 0
N + F cos 60° = mg cos 60°
N = mg cos60° – F cos 60°
mg mg 1 mg mg
= – = –
2 4 2 2 8
3mg
N=
8
S 4.51
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