CONCEPT OF SUCCESSION

1. Definition and Concept. Arts. 774, 712

Basis of Succession, 3 Tolentino 1-2
Principles Underlying Philippine Law of Succession
Report of Code Commission P109-1 10

2. Subjects of Succession. Arts. 775, 782, 1026, 1029

JBL Reyes, Observations on the New Civil Code, XV,

Lawyer’s Journal No.11, Nov. 30, 1950

Neri V. Akutin, 74 Phil 185

3. Object of Succession. Arts. 776, 791, 1311, .3429

a. transmissible rights and Obligations

Alvarez v. IAC, 185 SCRA 8

b. Rights and obligations extinguished by death

c. Restriction. Sec. 5, Rule 86, Rules of Court
d. RA 1056, RA 7170

4. Opening ofSuccession. Arts. 777, 533. 1347, 1461, 130, 132, 390, 391;
Articles 50 and 51 Family Code

5. Kinds of Succession
a. Testamentary. A11. 779
b. Legal or intestate. Art. 960
c. Mixed. Art. 780
d. Contractual. Arts. 130, 1347, 752, 1080 Articles 84, 86 Family Code

TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION

II. WILLS

1. Definition Art. 783

2. Characteristics
a.purely statutory. Art. 783
b.free and voluntary act. Art. 839 (3) & (4)
c.solemn or formal. A11. 783
d.disposition of property. Art. 783
e.essentially revocable. Am. 828
f.testator has testamentary capacity. Arts. 796-798
g. unilateral
h. mortis causa. Art. 777
Vitug v. CA, 183 SCRA 755
i. testator must have animus testandi
Montinola v. Herbosa,:3 CA Rep 2nd 377
j.individual. Art. 818
k. purely personal act. Arts. 784-787
3. Interpretation of wills
a.Interpretation should favor validity. Art. 788
b.In case of ambiguities. Art. 769
c.Interpretation of words. Art. 90
d.Interpretation as a whole. Art. 791
e.Severability of invalid provisions. Art. 792
f.Afler—acquired property. Arts. 793, 930
g.Extent of interest covered. Art. 794

4. Law governing form

a. As to time of execution. Art. 795
Enriquez v. Abadia, 95 Phil 927
In Re Will of Riosa, 39 P111123

b. As to place of execution. Arts. 17,815, 816, 817, 810, 818, 819

5. Law governing content

a. As to time. Art. 2263
b. As to successional rights, etc. Art. 16
Jimenez v. Fernandez, 184 SCRA 190
Miciano v. Brimo, 50 Phil 867
Cayetano v. Leonides, 129 SCRA 524

III. TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY AND INTENT

1. Who may make a will
a. Age. Art. 797
b. Not disqualified by law. A11. 796
c. Of sound mind. Arts. 798, 799, 800
d. Case of married women. Arts. 802, 803

2. Supervening incapacity. Art. 801

IV. SOLEMNITIES OF WILLS

1. Kinds of wills
a. notarial. Art. 804
b. holographic. Art. 810

2. Notarial wills
a. General requirements. Art. 804
Abangan v. Abangan, 40 Phil 476
Suroza v. Honrado, 110 SCRA 388

b. Specific requirements. Arts. 805, 806

Matias v.Sa1ud, 104 Phil 1046, GR No. L-10751. 23 June 1958
Garcia v. Lacuesta, 90 Phil 489
Balonan v. Abellana, 109 Phil 358
Nera v. Rimando, 18 Phil 450
Taboada v. Rosal, 118 SCRA 195
Icasiano v. Icasiano, 11 SCRA 4222
Cagro v. Cagro, 92 Phil 1032
Cruz v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 31
 Gabucan v. Manta, 95 SCRA 752

Javellana v. Ledesma, 97 Phil 258

c. Special requirements. Arts. 807, 808

Garcia v. Vasquez, 32 SCRA 489
Alvarado v. Gaviola, 14 Sept. 1993

d. Substantial compliance. Art. 809

Gil v. Murciano, 88 Phil 260
Canada v. CA. 222 SCRA 781

3. Witnesses to wills
a.Who are competent. Arts. 620, 621, 824
Gonzales v. CA, 90 SCRA 183
Cruz v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 31
b.Supervening incompetency. Art. 822
c.Competency of interested witness. Art. 823

4. Holographic wills
a. General requirements. Art. 804
b. Specific requirements. Art. 810, 812, 813, 814
Roxas v. De Jesus, 134 SCRA 245
Kalaw v. Relova, 132 SCRA 237
Aujero v. CA, 236 SCRA 488
c. Requirement for probate. Art. 81 1
Gan v. Yap, 104 Phil 509
Rodelas v. Aranza, 119, SCRA 16
Azaola v. Singson, 109 Phil 102
Codoy v. Calugay, 312 SCRA 333

V. INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENT BY REFERENCE. A11 827

1. Purpose. Report of Code Commission, p. 108
Unson v. Abella, 43 Phil 494

VI. CODICILS
1. Definition. Art. 825
2. Solemnities. Art. 826

VII. REVOCATION OF WILLS AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION

1. Definition of revocation
2. When may revocation be effected. Art. 828
3. Law governing revocation. Art. 829 I
4. Modes of revocation. Art. 830
Lipana v. Lipana, 70 Phil 865
Gago v. Mamuyac, 49 Phil 902
Maloto v. CA, 153 SCRA 451
Kalaw v. Relova, supra
5. Implied revocation. Art. 831
6. Effect of revocation. Arts. 832, 833, 834
7. Doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation
Molo v. Molo, 90 Phil 37
VIII. REPUBLICATION AND REVIVAL 0F WILLS. Ans. 835-837

IX. ALLOWANCE 0F WILLS. Art. 836

1. Concept of probate
2. Necessity of probate
Guevarra v. Guevarra, 74 Phil 479
De Borja v. De Borja, 46 SCRA 577

3. Modes of probate
4. Effect of allowance of wills
Gallanosa v. Arcangel, 83 SCRA 676 ,
De la Cema v. Potot, 12 SCRA 576
Maninang v. CA. 1 14 SCRA 478
Pastor v. CA. 122 SCRA 885
Roberts v. Leonides. 129 SCRA 754
Nepomuceno v. CA, 139 SCRA 206
Mercado v. Santos

X. DISALLOWANCE OF WILLS. Arts. 839, 1335, 1335, 1337, 1338

Pascual v. De la Cruz, 28 SCRA 421
Reyes v. Barreto-Datu, 19 SCRA 83
Aujero v. CA, 236 SCRA 488

XI. INSTITUTION 0F HEIRS

1. Definition. Art. 840
2. Requisites for valid institution of heirs. Relate to Arts. 785, 787
3. Effect if will institutes no heir. Art. 841
4. Freedom of disposition. Art 842
5. Manner of designating an heir. Arts. 843 in relation to 789
6. Disposition in favor if a definite class. Art. 845 in relation to Art. 786
7. Equality of heirs. Arts. 846, 848
8. Individuality of institution. Art. 847
9. Simultaneity of institution. Art. 849
10. Institution based on a false cause. Art. 850
Austria v. Reyes. 31 SCRA 754
11. Shares in the institution. Arts. 851-853
12. Predecease if heirs. Arts 856

XII. SUBSTITUTION 0F HEIRS

1. Concept of substitution. Art. 857
2. Kinds of substitution. Art 858
a. Simple or common. Art. 859
b. Brief or compendious. Art. 860
c. Reciprocal. Art. 861
d. Fideicommisary. Arts. 863-869
PCIB v. Escolin, 56 SCRA 266
Palacios v. Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704
Peres v. Garchitorena, 54 Phil 431
Crisologo v. Singson, 49 SCRA 491
Vda de Kilayko v. Tengco, 207 SCRA 600
3. Time-limitation on inalienability. Art. 870

XIII. KINDS OF INSTITUTIONS

1. simple or pure. A11.777 ,
2. conditional. Art. 871
a. kinds
 Vda de Kilayko v. Tengco, 207 SCRA 600
b. inoperative conditions. Arts. 872-874, related to Art. I 188
c. Disposicion Captatoria. Am. 875
d. Compliance. Arts. 876-877, 2"d par.
e. Effect. Arts. 1034, 3rd pan, 879, 880. 881, 884
3. With a term
a. Kinds. Art.385,15‘par.
b. Effect. Arts. 878, 885, 2"d par. in relation to 880
4. Modal. Arts. 882-883

XIV. LEGITIME
1. Concept. A11886
2. Who are entitled to legitimes: Compulsory heirs.
Arts. 887, 902; Arts. 189-190 FC
Rosales v. Rosales, 148 SCRA 69
Baritua v. CA, 183 SCRA 565
3. Concurrence of compulsory heirs and their corresponding legitimes. Arts.
888-890, 892-901, 903, Art. 39, PD 603
4. Restrictions regarding the legitime. Arts. 904, 872, 905, 906, 907, 1347
5. Determination or computation. Arts. 908-913, 752, 771
Locsin v. CA, 206 SCRA 383
6. Freedom to dispose free portion. A11.r914

XV. PRETERITION. Arts. 854, 906, 855, 918; Art. 189, PC.
Aznar v. Duncan, 17 SCRA 590
Nuguid v. Nuguid, 17 SCRA 449
Reyes v. Barreto-Datu, 19 SCRA 85
Escuin v.'Escuin, 11 Phil 332
Lajom v. Leuterio, GR L-13557
Balanay v. Martinez, 64 SCRA 452
Solano v. CA, 136 SCRA 122
Acair; v. CA, 155 SCRA 100

XVI. RESERVA TRONCAL. A11.-89l

Edroso v. Sablan, 25 Phil 295
Sienes v. Esparcia, 1 SCRA 750
Florentine v. F lorentino, 40 Phil 480
Padura v. Baldovino, L-l 1960, 27 Dec. 1958
Chua v. CFA, 78 SCRA 406
Gonzales v. CFA, 104 SCRA 161
De Papa v. Camacho, 144 SCRA 281
Sumaya v. IAC, 201 SCRA 178

XVII.RESERVA ADOPTIVA. Art. 39. PD 603

Banawa v. Mirano, 97 SCRA 517
Teotico v. Del Val, 13 SCRA 406

XVIII. DISINHERITANCE. Arts. 915-923

XIX.LEGACIES AND DEVISES. Articles 924-959, 869

PCIB v. Escolin, supra
Fernandez v. Dimagiba. L-23638, 12 Oct. 1967
Belen v. Bank of P.I.. L-14474, 31 Oct. 1960
INTESTATE SUCCESSION

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. When does it take place. Art. 960
2. Who are the intestate heirs. Art. 961, Art. 189-190 FC
Rosales v. Rosales, 148 SCRA 69
3. Order of and share in intestate succession. Art. 962
De los Santos v. De la Cruz, 37 SCRA 555

B. Relationships. Arts. 963-969

C. Representation. Arts. 970-977, Arts. 982, 902, 992, 1005, 1006, 1007,
1008
Teotico v. Del Val, supra
Diaz v. IAC, GR No. 66574,’21 Feb. 1990
De los Santos v. De la Cruz, supra
Abellana-Bacayo v. Ferraris-Borromeo, 14 SCRA 986
Corpuz v. Corpuz, 85 SCRA 567
Sayson v. CA, 205 SCRA 321

XXI. ORDER OF INTESTATE SUCCESSION

A.Descending Direct Line

1. Estate of a legitimate decedent
a. Illegitimate children. Arts. 983, 988—992
Corpus v. Corpus, 85 SCRA 567
Leonardo v. CA, 120 SCRA 890
Pascual v. Pascual-Bautista 207 SCRA 561

2. Estate of an illegitimate decedent

a. legitimate children and descendants. Arts. 903. 987-983, 992
b. illegitimate children and descendants. Arts. 990. 992

B.Surviving Spouse. Arts. 995-1002

Eraso v. Hansen, 3 CA Rep. 1121
Santillon v. Miranda, 14 SCRA 563

C.Ascending Direct Line

1. Legitimate parents and ascendants. Arts. 985-987
2. Illegitimate parents. Art. 993

D.Collateral Line. Arts. 1003-1010

Bicomong v. Almanza. 80 SCRA 421
Bacayo v. Borromeo. l4 SCRA 986

E. The State. Arts. 1011-1014

PROVISIONS COMMON TO
TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSION

XXII. RIGHT OF ACCRETION

A. Concept. Arts.1015,1016,1017,10|9,1020 .
B. In legal succession. Art. 1018
C. Compulsory succession. Art. 1021
D. Testamentary. Arts. 1022-1023

XXIII. CAPACITY TO SUCCEED

A. Determination. Arts. 1034, 1039
Cayetano v. Leonidas, 129 SCRA 522
B. Who may succeed. Arts. 1024-1026, 1029, 1030
Parish Priest of Victoria v. Rigor, 89 SCRA 493
C. Who are incapable of succeeding. Arts. 1027, 1028, 1031, 1032, 1 f
D. Effect of alienations by the excluded heir. Art. 1036
E. Rights ofthe excluded heir. Arts. 1035, 1937
F. Liabilities of the excluded heir. Art. 1033
G. Prescription of Action. Art. 1040

XXIV. ACCEPTANCE AND REPUDIATION OF THE INHERITANCE.Arts. 1041-1057

Borromeo-Herrera v. Borromeo, 152 SCRA 171

XXV. COLLATION. Arts. 1061-1077, 771, 752, 772

Dizon-Rivera v. Dizon, 33 SCRA 554

SUCCESSION - PROF. A. E. BALBASTRO

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

1) Introduction

1.1. Modes of acquiring ownership

1.2. Concept of universal heirship under Roman Law

1.2.1. Principle underlying such concept

1.2.2. Concept under Philippine law

2) General Provisions — Articles 774-782, New Civil Code (NCC)

2.1. Article 774, NCC

2.2, Basis of Succession -a) Positive theories
b) Negative theories
23. Foundation of Succession
2.4. Juridical nature of Succession
2.5. Distinguish “patrimony" from “inheritance
2.5. Philosophy of property ownership and use in Philippine Law
2.6. Notable changes in Succession under the New Civil Code
Cases:
1) Atun v. Nunez, 97 Phil. 762.
2) Uson v. Del Rosario, 92 Phil. 530.

2.7, Artic1es 775-776,NCC

Cases: 1) Lao v. Dee, G.R. L3890, January 23, 1952

2) Litonjua v. Montilla, G.R. L-4170, January 31, 1952
3) Guzman Vda. de Carrillo v. Salak de Paz, 91 Phil. 265
4) Estate of Hemady v. Luzon Surety Co., Inc., 100 Phil. 388.

2.8. Article 777, NCC

Cases: 1) Ibarle v.Po, 92 Phil. 721 1

2) Osorio v. Osorio and Ynchausti Steamship Co., 41 Phil. 531

3) Judge Advocate General v. Gonzales, et a1, (CA), 48 0.6. No. 12,

p. 5329.

2.9. ARTICLES 778—780, NCC

CASE: 1) RODRIGUEZ V, BORJA, 17 SCRA 418, JUNE 21, 1966

2,10. ARTICLES 781.782, NCC

1) DEFINE HEIR, DEVISEE, AND LEGATEE

2) DISTINQUISH EACH FROM THE OTHER/S;

3) leCUSS THE CONCEPT OF EACH.

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