Professional Documents
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4 The Pergau Hydroelectric Project Part 2 Civil Engineering Construction
4 The Pergau Hydroelectric Project Part 2 Civil Engineering Construction
Ordinary Meeting
E. McEwan, BSc(Hons), J. Idiculla, BSc(Hond, CEng, MICE, Tuesday 28 October 1997.
Please call Paul Clements
and R. Patel, BSc(Hond, CEng, MICE on 0171 665 52237
if planning to attend
Written discussion
closes 30th January 1998
The Pergau Hydroelectric Project was There was a further peak in rainfall in May.
built as a design and construct contract Annual rainfall was around 3000 mm.
in Northern Peninsular Malaysia by an Temperatures varied between 18 and 34°C.
Anglo-Malaysian joint venture with funding
assistance provided by the British Mobilization
Government. The project is located 4. Mobilization commenced on site in
approximately 100 km west of the Kelantan March 1991 with site investigation works. In
State capital of Kota Bharu. This paper order to initiate advance contracts,
describes the contractor’s mobilization for experienced start-up teams drawn from Balfour
the 600 MW hydroelectric project and the Beatty Cementation Joint Venture (BBCJV)
general construction requirements for the and Knight Piesold & Partners (KPP) travelled
project. Although each section of the works to site and took up temporary residence in a
had its own particular problems of guest house located in Tanah Merah, some
construction, this paper concentrates on 90 km from site. Their first task was to get the Edward McEwan,
the following three areas that were critical site investigation under way. Project Director,
in meeting the key dates for completion: 5. At the time of tender, geotechnical Balfour Beatty
the powerhouse and power tunnels; the information was limited to the feasibility study Cementation Joint
power shaft; the Kuala Yong dam. It also carried out by Snowy Mountain Engineering Venture, Sidcup, Kent
includes a brief description of the Corporation (SMEC). Part of the contractor’s
tunnelling methods used. initial brief on site was to conduct a more
detailed site investigation (SI) in order to
provide early information to get the design
Introduction under way. With assistance from the KBBC
On 14 January 1991, Kerjaya Balfour Beatty liaison officer, resident in Kuala Lumpur, a
Cementation (KBBC), a Malaysian registered subcontract was placed with Malaysian Site
joint venture company consisting of Kerjaya Investigation Bh. Shd and SI works
Binaan (an established local company) commenced in March 1991.
together with Balfour Beatty Construction 6. In April 1991, an advance party of the
International Ltd and Cementation Mining Ltd, site team arrived on site and soon appreciated
Josk Idiculla,
was awarded a contract by Tenaga Nasional that the areas identified in the contract for the
Engineering
Berhad (TNB), the Malaysian Power Utility, building of camps were not available. It was Manager, Balfour
for the design and construction of the Pergau therefore necessary to establish a temporary Beatty Cementation
Hydroelectric Power Project in Northern base camp and this was accomplished quickly Joint Venture,
Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1). The scope of the by utilizing prefabricated, kitted-out ‘container’ Sidcup, Kent
works and the relationships between the units in the grounds of a tourist lodge located
various parties and subcontractors involved in close to the site (see Fig. 3). It took several
the contract are covered in Part 1.’ The months for land to be obtained for the two
contract duration was 67 months. major establishments - the project village and
2. The logistical problems of access and the area for the offices, workshop and stores.
mobilization for a project with several The offices and workshop were located at a
workfronts in dense tropical jungle and site in close proximity to the powerhouse
covering a distance of over 80 km between the complex and the tailrace tunnel (see Fig. 2).
extremities of the scheme was a daunting task The offices were occupied in late 1991. The
for the start-up team. Initial accesses within project village (see Fig. 2) was positioned
the site were accomplished by using existing within reasonable reach of all parts of the
Rohit Patel,
logging tracks (see Fig. 2). project. The village included accommodation Current Project
3. Elevations at sites within the scheme for bachelors and families and had recreational Manager, Balfour
ranged from a low of 100 m above sea level to facilities, restaurants, bars, a school and a Beatty Cementation
over 750 m. The climate was monsoonal, with shop. The first residents moved in just before Joint Venture,
heavy rains falling from October to January. Christmas 1991. Sidcup, Kent
PERGAU HYDRbELECTRIC
PROJECT: PART 2
Reregulabng pond
Talrace outfall
Terang
Statloll
- - - E x i s t i n g loggmg tracks
To Tanah Merah
-a. Tunnel 50 km
- Existing road
.-- Proposed road Scale I ” km
- River 2 3 4 5
x Concrete batching plant
@ Crushing plant
. Intakes KG. Kubar Datu
10. It was also necessary to establish all-
weather accesses to the other work areas on
site, and where possible commence
construction of the permanent access roads.
Existing logging tracks were used as far as
possible to gain immediate access around
sites, but the continuous use of these tracks
by loggers necessitated constant maintenance
by KBBC which was, of course, gratefully
welcomed by the private logging contractors!
11. By early 1992, concrete batching and
crushing plants were set up at strategic
locations (see Fig. 2) on site to best service
construction requirements. The erection of
workshop and stores was also substantially
completed and refurbishment works
commenced on a consignment of plant that
arrived on site in May 1991 from a previous
contract. The early months of 1992 saw the
arrival of substantial consignments of heavy
plant and materials purchased for the contract. in the first instance to the design engineer’s Fig. 3. Container
representative, who after having reviewed the village at base camp
Quality assurance document again, signified his approval by
12. As explained in Part 1,’ the satisfactory stamping and signing the document. Copies of
execution of the turnkey contract was this approved document would then be issued
significantly assisted by the quality system for construction.
that emanated from the Project Manual, 14. Execution of the construction works
procedures, method statements, and inspection was strictly in accordance with approved
& test plans. procedures. These procedures would also
13. Section managers would schedule out a identify contract requirements, where the
programme for the preparation of these supervising engineer had to approve aspects of
documents based on the programme of works the construction activities. Regular surveillance
for their sections. A draft document would be and QA audits were carried out to ensure that
first prepared in consultation with the QA quality system standards were maintained and
manager, who would then arrange for adhered to. In addition, regular external audits
distribution of copies of the document for were carried out by partner companies,
comments to the engineering manager, the Results of the inspections and status on
safety advisor and site personnel who were closing out of non-conformance reports
directly involved with the works. A copy would (NCRs) were discussed and monitored at the
also be issued to the design engineer’s project director’s weekly progress meetings.
representative on site for his comments and See Table 1 for a summary. BSI accreditation
checks on interface with his quality system. for the site quality management system was
The document would, in addition to applied for and awarded in November 1995.
procedures and methods, contain information
on other pertinent reference documentation,
safety, risk assessment and, where possible, 15. Safety awareness and induction
training of local staff. An average lead time of featured as a priority on site. The safety
four weeks was allowed from commencement department consisted of an expatriate safety
of preparation of the draft document, advisor and four local safety officers. The
incorporation of corrections and amendments, safety advisor reported to the project director.
to preparation of the final document, ready for 16. The site safety policy and safety plan
issue. A copy of the final document was issued incorporated the following.
Table 1. Summary of non-conformance reports (NCRs) and corrective action requests (CARS)
0.5
IIIIII,,,,,,~I,~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,~,,~~~~
0 M M J s N J M M J s N J M M J S N J M M J S N J M M J
AJAODFAJAODFAJ A 0 0 F A J A 0 0 F A ‘J ASOND
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
@5--- 4303
1
Conduit A
t- +
- SOP
G Steel liner
--------~---------~---
594.400
II!---
\ i
1940D
casing T 50 Reinf. bar
Fig. 5. Details of
Section l-1 minipiles at Terang
Section A-A (dimensions in mm)
22. The temporary works in this instance 25. KBBC established a procurement
could have been extensive and costly. In order office, using BBCJV’s services in the UK, to
to ensure that this vital function of the source and ship material to the project site
contract was carried out efficiently and (refer to Part 1’ for the description of the
professionally, it was necessary to establish functions of BBCJV). Owing to the long lead
procedures covering the identification of times, requirements for materials had to be
requirements, requests for design and properly scheduled out and in particular, due
implementation, and inspection. All temporary consideration given to perishables, such as
works design was checked and signed off by explosives and rock-bolt resins exceeding their
the temporary works coordinator appointed by shelf-life.
the engineering manager. These temporary
works procedures formed an integral part of
the quality system. Construction works
26. The project was divided into
geographically managed sections as described
Procurement in Part 1.’ Although each section of the works
23. During the spring and summer of 1991, had its own particular problems of
construction plant was sourced from various construction, this paper will concentrate on
parts of the world, including the UK, the USA, three areas which were critical in meeting the
Sweden, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka. These key dates for completion and will demonstrate
included: rubber-tyred, three boom the close relationship between the contractor
electrohydraulic Jumbos for the large diameter and design engineer that was required in this
power tunnels; rail-mounted, two-boom Jumbos design and construct project. It was always
and Haggloaders for the aqueduct tunnel; necessary to resolve construction problems
heavy-duty trucks, excavators, loaders, dozers promptly as they manifested themselves and
and other plant and equipment for the vary the design of the works when required,
underground and surface works (see Table 2 to adapt to changing site conditions.
for details on the main plant items).
24. In addition to the equipment, much of Tunnelling methods
the materials required for the operation of the 27. The tunnels on the contract totalled in
works had to be imported. The funding excess of 33 km and apart from short lengths
agreement required that a major element of at some portals, were driven by drill and blast
the loan money should be spent in the UK. methods. The large diameter tunnels were
Aqueduct tunnel
Tailrace tunnel
Reregulating pond
\ Transformer hall
driven with the use of rubber-tyred equipment; design engineer to incorporate into the design Fig. 6. Schematic of
the smaller diameter aqueduct tunnels were and direct permanent support requirements. power generation
driven using rail-mounted equipment (see There were several instances where tunnel system
Table 2 for plant details). alignments had to be changed by the design
2 8 . In considering the method to be used engineer to suit revised portal locations and
in the excavation of the tunnels, the choice the contractor’s access requirements. Fig. 6
was between conventional techniques and shows the layout of the power generation
boring. While the variable geometry of many system.
of the tunnels excluded the use of tunnel
boring machines (TBMs), the 2.6 km
(approximate) tailrace tunnel and 24 km The powerhouse and tunnels
aqueduct tunnel offered these possibilities. 30. SMEC carried out the initial site
Bowever, the time constraint within the design investigation during the feasibility stage of the
and construct frame did not provide the contract, to locate the positions of the
opportunity to carry out site investigation powerhouse and associated tunnels. These
works to confirm the feasibility of the use of were carried out in a number of phases and
TBMs. It was reasoned that should difficult covered the whole of the project area. A
ground conditions be encountered, the TBM number of boreholes were drilled in the
drive would have to be halted for some time vicinity of the powerhouse but only one
while difficulties were overcome. This would inclined borehole was located in the cavern,
have the potential for serious delay to the some 300 m deep.
project completion. Furthermore, the 31. Post contract, site investigation was
unavailability of experienced mining labour carried out by KBBC, as directed by the
and the logistics of properly supporting a design engineer and in accordance with the
mechanized heading in a relatively remote part project brief. In excess of 150 diamond-cored
of South-East Asia were also considered boreholes were drilled, totalling some 9 km.
factors against the use of TBMs. Conventional There was, in addition, special in situ testing
techniques were considered more adaptable in carried out. This included seismic reflection/
these circumstances. The tunnels were refraction surveys, overcoring, hydraulic
excavated with adherence to the specified acceptance tests, hydraulic fracturing and
principles of the new Austrian tunnelling jacking tests and a full range of laboratory
method (NATM). testing.
2 9 . It was almost exclusively left to the 32. The elements that comprise the power
contractor to determine portal locations for tunnel complex are shown on Fig. 7. Access to
adits and tunnels. This was based almost the underground power station is by the main
entirely on accessibility to the portal locations access tunnel (MAT) and cable and vent
and minimizing excavation in ‘soft’ material. tunnel (UT), which both share the same
Once established, the portals were surveyed portal. Excavation of both these tunnels
and information promptly provided to the commenced at the end of December 1991.
Powerhouse anchor gallery
Machine hall .’
I’ .,e
,*j.;p
,-
Adit t o headrac? tunnel - _ .--L-4
.-“.-
\
Transformer cavern /
The tunnels were driven using expatriate MAT and 575 m of CVT excavated, progress Fig. 7. The
supervision with crews supplied by a local suffered considerable disruption and delays powerhouse and
labour subcontractor. Mucking of the tunnels due to geological difficulties. High, sustained associated tunnels
was carried out using a Cat 966 and D25 hot water inflows up to 54°C and 10 bar
dump trucks. Details of the power tunnels are pressure were encountered from open joints
given in Table 3. The powerhouse cavern and cavities up to a metre wide. Progress was
dimensions are 37 m high by 30 m wide by also restricted due to the presence of
96 m long and the adjacent transformer hall is chemically altered bands up to 10 m and
11 m by 15 m by 80 m long. exceptionally deep, completely weathered rock,
33. Initial excavation of the MAT and CVT requiring soft ground tunnelling in weak
was restricted due to the lack of explosives saturated material. The design requirement for
and it was not until February 1992 that the ground treatment and stabilization in the
excavation works were able to proceed immediate vicinity of the excavations resulted
unhindered. This continued for a period of in directives from the design engineer for
approximately five months and with 495 m of substantial forward grouting (see Table 4).
holes completed?
4 Yes
Contmue exca”atlO”
Detail 1
Grouting and grouted bar holes
intended. The overall load capacity of the Pressure shaft Fig. 8. Powerhouse
tension ties was eventually installed in 76 ties 42. Early site investigation works carried cavern: extent and
by increasing the number of strands from 15 out in 1991 indicated a low stress regime in method of installation
to 18 in the lower rows. rock in the vicinity of the powerhouse. of blanket grouting
39. Excavation of the cavern proceeded During the tunnelling operations, it was (elevation in mm)
initially with a roof heading followed by side confirmed by extensive testing that a
slashing, progressing downwards. Fig. 10 strongly anisotropic stress regime existed in
shows the sequence of cavern excavation the cavern and surrounding areas. The results
which had to be planned to comply with the of rock stress testing in the low pressure
design requirement for a temporary buttress to tunnel and the surge and pressure shafts
retain the wedge: this was removed confirmed the existence of low rock stresses
incrementally, as each row of ties was installed and led to the design requirement to
and tensioned (see Figs 11 and 12). extend the steel lining up the pressure shaft
40. The powerhouse cavern surrounding (see Fig. 13).
rock required extensive grouting in order to 43. The original scheme, as defined in the
stabilize the ground and reduce water inflows. project brief, was for an inclined, concrete-
-The total quantity of excavation in the cavern lined pressure shaft. Recognizing the difficulty
was approximately 90 000 m3 and was in excavating and lining the shaft, the proposal
completed in twelve months. The tender to change the inclination of the pressure shaft
programme for carrying out this work was ten to vertical and site it immediately below the
months. surge shaft was accepted by the supervising
41. The contractor was able to proceed engineer and design progressed on this basis.
with the excavation of the powerhouse cavern In view of the late design requirement to
on a continuous basis, while the ties were extend the steel lining, it was decided that
being installed. This method of construction is despite the longer construction period for the
only possible on a turnkey type of contract, inclined option, the extra cost of the steel liner
where, in this instance, the design proved the critical factor and the most
requirements were identified and confirmed economic solution was to revert to the inclined
during the course of the excavation. option excavated by raise boring.
5i G
Anchor gallery
Powerhouse cavern
Varies 28 Minimum cl
I I- I
Row 5
(total No. 11) 0
(to& No.43)
Detail A
4 4 . Drilling of the 310 mm diameter pilot excavated towards the hole and the reamer Fig. 9. Anchor tie
hole for raise boring was carried out under a set up and reaming operations forming a layout and details
subcontract by Skanska, using a Robbins 73 2.4 m diameter hole were completed by 20 (dimensions in m;
RM DC (force-ventilated) with a 250 hp July 1993. elevation in masl)
motor, and commenced on 19 May 1993. 4 6 . In planning the excavation of the
Pilot hole drilling for the 450 m long raise at shaft it was decided that this would always
60” to the horizontal proceeded satisfactorily follow the reamed hole which would always
and by 13 June 1993 the bit had (in theory) be located at the invert. The excavated face
reached the level of the high pressure would always be slightly inclined towards
headrace tunnel (HPHT) but no holing was the invert. This had the advantage of
achieved! making the mucking operations easier due
4 5 . The excavation of the HPHT had to the natural deposition of the muck and
previously been completed to the general flow through the reamed hole at the invert.
area of the base of the inclined tunnel. A fan The reamed hole also provided a smooth
of horizontal probe holes drilled at 300 mm surface for mounting the rails for the
centres and to a depth of 3.7 m all round the conveyance system. Design and fabrication
perimeter of the last 15 m of tunnel failed to of the temporary works which had been
locate the end of the pilot drill hole. A drill under way for some time were substantially
Jumbo was set up and the most promising carried out on site. These works were
probes, determined by listening at the ends carried out in two phases.
of the probes and assisted by the use of a 4 7 . The first phase was for initial
stethoscope whilst the pilot drill was turned, excavation to a depth of 30-40 m below the
were deepened. On a third hole, the pilot shaft bank at EI. 543 (see Fig. 15). This pre-
was intersected as evidenced by the flow of sink was to allow the face of the shaft to
white paint that had been tipped down the advance sufficiently such that equipment
hole earlier. It was hoped that the deviation installed on the shaft bank could not be
of the pilot hole (and hence the final shaft affected by blasting. Pre-sink to EL 509 was
alignment) would be minimal, thereby completed by 11 November 1993 at an
reducing the complexity of design, average advance rate of 1 m per day.
fabrication and installation of the inclined Concurrent with these works, a contract was
steel lining. Fig. 14 shows the junction of the placed with Noel-Whessoe for the supply,
pilot hole and the HPHT. The HPHT was fabrication and installation of 10 m long, 5 m
diameter steel ‘cans’ of varying thicknesses
between 21 mm and 35 mm to partially line
the inclined shaft. Discussions were held
with Noel-Whessoe on site to determine the
best possible arrangement for hoisting
equipment and rail arrangements to prevent
duplication of temporary works for the main
shaft sinking operations and installation of
the steel lining. The final arrangement
consisted of two 30 t and one 5 t winches and
a twin-track rail system as shown in Fig. 15.
48. The second phase temporary
works were designed to accommodate
Plan
these services. A working platform,
supported by the 30 t winch and a service
car supported by the 5 t winch, formed the
main elements of the system. The installation
of these elements together with the headgear
equipment was completed by 3 January
1994.
49. Sinking resumed immediately
thereafter, with excavation continuing to be by
the use of hand-drilling equipment. The
number of holes being drilled was around 150
to a depth of 1.6 m which took almost 10 h Longitudinal section
The dam
56. The dam forming the reservoir was
built across the gorge of the Pergau river.
During its construction, the river was
diverted through a diversion tunnel built in
the shoulders of the hill forming the left side
of the gorge (see Fig. 1, Part 32). Tunnelling
work commenced on the upstream portal of
the 570 m long diversion tunnel in mid-
August 1991. In the tender concept, the Longitudinal sectlon
tunnel was to have been on the right bank,
but access proved difficult and with
unfavourable right bank geology, the
contractor requested the design engineer to
consider redesign of the tunnel alignment on
the left bank (see Fig. 20). A further change
requested was that the design diameter of
4 m be revised to 4.5 m, to suit a tunnel
lining form that KBBC had available. The
promptness of these design changes reflects
one of the advantages of a design and
construct contract. The tunnel, which was
designed to have a 375 mm concrete lining,
was driven as a nominal 5.25 m horseshoe
configuration with a face area of 24 m2. Early
delays in the excavation works were Plan on A-A
experienced due to difftculties in obtaining
suitable explosives. Excavation works were
completed by the end of February 1992 with Fig. 14. junction: pressure shaft final alignment with high pressure
tunnel concrete lining following immediately headrace tunnel (dimensions in m)
afterwards.
57. River diversion took place in early
September 1992, approximately six months works, however, it became apparent that
ahead of programme, enabling the materials obtained from new borrow areas
construction of the dam forming the could not comply with design requirements
reservoir to commence at an earlier date. (details of which are summarized in Part 32)
Concurrent with the diversion tunnel works, for moisture contents determined during the
excavation, trimming and slope preparation trial embankment. It therefore became
works for the dam embankment had necessary for a review of the design of the
commenced (see Table 2 for a list of dam dam by the design engineer on an urgent
plant). basis and at the end of which he confirmed
58. A trial embankment, using material in that the design parameters were still valid.
close proximity to the dam, was constructed During the process of materials testing and
prior to the commencement of the main discussions with the design engineer, the
works in order to establish the criteria for supervising engineer was always kept
the dam design and confirm the types of informed and participated in discussions,
plant required for the construction. The thereby reducing the period for the approval
earthworks associated with the dam process.
construction could only be progressed during 59. Another aspect of the construction
nine months of the year when the weather works was the use of jet-grouting as a primary
was relatively dry and the design means of cut-off of the right abutment of the
requirements for moisture content and dam as shown in Figs 20 and 21 and in the
compaction of the earthfill materials required photographs in Figs 22 and 23. This was only
for the dam construction could be met. the second time that this application had been
During the course of the dam construction used anywhere in the world.
Working/access platform
Excavation line
Man-rider rails
Man-rider
Working
c
Pressure shaft
50 dia. shotcrete
Fig. 15. Pressure shaj? temporary works installation for excavation (dimensions in mm)
60. The seepage design was based on a 6 1 . Prior to commencement of the jet-
minimum plastic cut-off thickness of 0.8 m in grouting works, trial columns were jetted
the weathered granite overlying bedrock and and exhumed to assist in finalizing design
an upper bound permeability of 5 x lo-8 m/s and construction parameters. This led to the
for the soil/grout mixture forming the cut-off. adoption of nominal column diameters for
The permeability of the bedrock below the jet- cut-off design of 1.3 m in zone A and 1 m in
grouted cut-off was reduced, where necessary, zone B material and to the panel
to less than 10 lugeon by conventional construction layout of primary, secondary
pressure grouting. and tertiary columns as shown in Fig. 24.
# &- Power pack
I j- 2350 min. cut-out
ri I :1
I C o n s t . ‘t/
joint
Invert
‘Chart’ ’
shutter \
Existing pour
Section on A-A
Const. joint
-e-e---
Fig. 1 Z Pressure
shafi: shutter layout
for concrete lining
(dimensions in mm)
Table 5. Production rates for final 307 m of excavation of pressure shafl
Rser shaft
F
Compressi; m$
Access scaffolding
Access platform and
support beam
Detail A
Cross-section through bulkhead
‘Tiraks’ winch
\ Bulkhead
‘Whessoe’ platform
400 i
E
g
E 300
8
t;
9
‘ii
s
i 200
2
100
1
2 4 6 0 10 12 14 16 16 20 22 24 26 20 36 36 40
The trials also showed good interlocking and B to depths up to 20 m in zone C (see
between columns with no obvious evidence Fig. 21). Drilling accuracy was important since
of shadowing. The grout mixes used in the the finished columns had to interlock to
process are shown in Table 6. prevent ‘windows’ being left in the curtain. All
62. The jet-grouting process. Preboring was holes were surveyed using an inclinometer to
initially carried out using Bulroc Odex determine the centre of each column. Prebore
eccentric drills to prebore 150 mm diameter deviation, expressed as a percentage of hole
holes at predefined spacings through zones A depth, averaged about 1.1%.
---.
600
B
E
$
Excavation profile (tender) 1
~~,~~-~~~~e~~~e~f~e~~-~o~~C
\
\ Ic) /
Extent of grouting
550
r Top of jetting
- -
/PP
T T T T
PSPSP@D@D
u r u
T T T T
r
1Zone B
thickness
.I_ I
Ctres of
-j- tertiary
I I ; $2;
I I
-+-- Centres of
+ primary and
secondary
I I I columns
I I 1 (offset)
I I
~
.5m .
. w
.. .
-Cut-off thickness
: :
:. :.
. : provided by
: .. closure column
: : . Actual tertiary column
20m : 20m
. :. : due to deviation
: 1 :
Closure column
(4
Water/cement by weight
Note: The grout used in production works was 3 : 1 water/cement ratio with 15-H% Bentonite, by weight of cement.
Comoleted
C omplet adiacent II t I
columns
Soil
Bedrock
and grout
Observation well
Infiltration well
1
Observation well Membrane
Impervifus soil cap
ce
ce
Seotion A-A
AWARD OF CONTRACT
SITE INVFSTIGATION
DETAILED DESIGN
ACCESS ROADS
TAILRACE
CONTROL BUlLDING
. Finishes
- E h M InstaIIation/Comm
TUNNEL -Excavation
. Coo~te
h SWITCIIYARD
c 1
. brrhworkr
. cmerete
. E L. M Inst~IIrtion/Comm
LOW PRESSURE TUNNEL (Ir SURGF SHAFT
- Excavation
. Ccmeretc
INCLINED SHAFT L HIGH PRESSURE TUNNEL
- Excavation
. Steel Lining
. Concrete LilJilIg
POWER INTAKE -Exervarion
. E L M InstmIIation/Comm
RE-REGULATING POND. Excavation
. Excavation
. Seconday Support/ SalinS
. I”“rn cnncme/PI”p
AQUEDUCT PUMPING STATION
. Cabson Excavation
. Gmcretc
- Finishes.
. E h M InscrIIation/Comm
END OF CIVILS CONSTRUCTION PERIOD