Report of Vs

AKS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective
The main aim of the online voting system is to create a website through which the elections
should be done in fair manner. Now a days the voting is done by ballot paper and the counting of the
votes is done manually which is a time consuming process and it also involves human involvement
as well as efforts. As the counting is done manually there is a possibility of invalid votes, counting
mistakes etc. This project online voting system saves the time and minimize the chances of errors
and the elections is done fair.
This project minimize the human effort and make the voting easy and fair. We have to develop a
website which is easily usable by the user and develop a healthy communication between user and
the candidate. This web page used by the college for mini-election in which voters who have
registered by admin can vote for their favorite candidate. It is a very use full projects especially for
the colleges and schools. It builds a healthy relationship and trust between the user and the
candidates.
The online voting system is a user friendly website and it is designed to count the votes and choose
the winner among the number of candidates. The candidates those are stand in the election should
follow some rules. This system is designed in such a way that it also checked the duplicate and
invalid votes and hence decide the winner due to which the election is done faster and easier manner.
In this project there are different modules present in which the first module will be administrator
module second will be the candidate modules and the last module will be user module. The main
work of the admin is to registered voters who wants to vote and to manage the list of candidates who
are standing in the elections. Only admin have a authority to check the results and do updates like
CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 1 ONLINE VOTING

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addisng the candidate, register the users, update the information regarding to the elections, delete
unwanted information and eliminate the candidate if there is any issue created by his/her. The age of
the users who wants to vote should have the age of 18+.
For voting, it is compulsory for the user to fill a registration form in which all the personal details of
the user should be taken. After registration the user gets a login id and the password (of users choice)
through which the user give vote. It is very important for the user to keep their login id and password
private because there is a chances of misuse of the system. This project is very flexible as it give the
facility to vote from any place. All the entries filled by the user should be correct then only the user
is eligible to give the vote. The vote given by the user will be stored and after completing the election
it will be counted later.
In democratic countries, voting is an vital tool to collect and re-act people‘s views. In the elections,
the election of member of the assembly, the head of local/state government election, and others, a
voter can cast vote after going to the designated polling place and checking his
identity. Conventionally, voting booth is used for casting votes in both centralized and distributed
places. Voting is done under the supervision of authorized parties.
Counting of votes is done manually once the election is over. But with the rapid growth of electronic
voting system, computer technology and cryptographic methods can be used that substitute the
occurrence and most significantly error-prone human Component. To increase the productivity and
accuracy of voting processes,electronic voting systems were developed to help accumulating and
counting the votes. It comprises Lever Voting Machines, Punched Cards for Voting, Optical Mark-
Sense Scanners and Direct Recording Electronic(DRE) voting systems.
In this paper, we recommend an electronic voting system that lets a voter to be identified using a
wireless certificate without further more registering when a user votes using his mobile device such
as a mobile phone or a PDA. We also propose a process that guarantees the confidentiality of voter
and the secrecy of vote content.
By our electronic voting system, a voter can cast his vote more easily and conveniently than the
existing electronic voting using internet, within the planned time period anywhere even when a voter
is not able to access internet on a voting day. Our suggestion can be used in all kinds of elections
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national as well as state/local elections. Our goal is not to design a cryptographically provable
protocol but to demonstrate electronic voting model and to define a voting procedure.
The main objectives of system for Online voting system are:
 The objective of online voting system is to help the organization in automating the whole
manual processing of the existing system.
 The main objective to develop the system is to make the accurate & efficient decisions in
different tasks at different time at different situations. The existing system is manual so
members of the unit generally face a lot of embarrassing situations many times. Now they
need to automate the whole process so as to make it more easy and accurate.
 System should support multi-user environment.
 System should be fully automated.
 System should provide concrete security features like creating users and assigning privileges
to users of the system.
 System should be capable to keep track of all the detailed descriptions of the client and the
whole details of services offered by the client organization.
 Various outputs (reports) should be available online any time.
 System should be able to handle extremely large volumes of data (i.e. Large database
support).
1.2 Motivation
This software is developed under the guidance of our project guide prof. Hari Mohan Mishra.
He motivated us all the time to push our limits and come up with an effective and attractive project.
He was always there for helping us in any of our query while developing this software. I would take
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this as opportunity to thank my guide, mentor and HOD from deep of my heart for working so hard
on us, for increasing our level in website designing.
It is also the beauty of language that always motivated us to program something new. Web
technology brings a lot of interesting features that correlates programming concepts with real word
entities. This is very interesting language also easy when compared with assembly or machine
language. Even the thought of developing a new project from our own, motivated us very well.
It was also our parents and friends who motivated us all the time and supported us very well. They
always had faith in me and all these little things motivated me and helped me a lot to develop this
project. Faculty members and teachers of my department also motivated me all the time and also
supported me well. So this project is actually an outcome of all those faiths, motivation and support
that was with me. This project is outcome of my own interest in coding and website designing and
without support of all these people I would not be able to come up with such project in such a small
time.
1.3 Problem Statement
The problem with the old system is that it uses ballot to cast the votes in the election which
increases the human effort. The ballot is a small piece of paper which is used in the secret voting in
an election. The voter who want to give the vote were receive one ballot and the ballot should not be
shared. Each voter who want to give the vote marked his/her favorite candidate and that ballot paper
were posted in the ballot box. A ballot box is a small sealed box in which the votes a collected and
then counting is done manually.
After the completing of this process counting of the votes was done manually by the peoples which
is time consuming and have human efforts. This method also have chances of counting mistakes
which may cause unfair result. In some cases the power full peoples misuse their power and get the
votes which is not good for the elections and the peoples.

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This project helps to solve this problem. Some peoples who have physical disability due to which
they are not able to go the voting booth and give vote this problem are solved by the online voting
system. Giving vote in the old systems is very time consuming and the people have to stand in the
long lines for giving the vote.
To make the communication strong with the candidate and to provide the easy way for voting. To
increment the voting percentage. As many people have their physical issue that they cannot go to
voting boot so this system gives facility to voters that they can vote from any place or any location.
The casting of the online voting system from virtually from college building and display voting
results for the administrator to analyze and provide a most secure and user-friendly online voting
system. In the old voting system the power full candidate misuse their power to get the votes from
the peoples which is not fair. As the voting is online all the information and names of the candidates
should be private through which the election should be done fair.
Major problems faced by the peoples:-
• Not User Friendly: The existing system is not user friendly because the retrieval of data is very
slow and data is not maintained efficiently.
• Difficulty in report generating: We require more calculations to generate the final result so it is
generated at the end of the session. And the voter not get a single chance to change his\her vote.
• Time consuming: Every work is done manually so we cannot generate report in the middle of the
session or as per the requirement because it is very time consuming.
1.4 Technology Used
Project of Online voting system does not require much technologies. If you look in financial
point of view then I would say that I have not invested very little amount of money on this project.
All I have invested in this project is some amount of time, nothing more than that.

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I have used and applied my knowledge of .net technology. All I required was a place of work where I
sit and do my work without any disturbance. Yes I know that this much seem to be shocking to the
person who does not belongs from computer science background. But yes it is true that I did not
invested money or used any special technologies for developing this software.
In “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” a voter can use his\her voting right online without any difficulty.
He\She has to fill a registration form to register himself\herself. All the entries is checked by the
DATABASE which has already all information about the voter. If all the entries are correct then a
USER ID and PASSWORD is given to the voter, by using that ID and PASSWORD he\she can use
his\her vote. If conditions are wrong then that entry will be discarded.
Here I am providing the list of all things I required for developing this software:
 Knowledge of website designing.
 Knowledge of HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, JQUERY.
 Knowledge of MYSQL.

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2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Specification of Machine Used
It is easy to understand the language as well as easy to implement. The requirements of this
language is not much. Hence this is a minor project, this project doesn’t require much hardware and
software requirements. Still there are some basic information we would like to share with you
regarding the information /specification of computer in which this game can be played. There are
some basic requirements and these are very important and person running the software must have to
satisfy all following requirements.
2.2 Software Tool Specification
XAMPP
 XAMPP is an easy to install Apache distribution containing MySQL, PHP and Perl.
 XAMPP is really very easy to install and to use- just download, extract and use.

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XAMPP for Windows
The distribution for windows 2000, 2003, XP, vista 7 and 8. This version contains-
Apache, MySQL, PHP, PEAR, Perl, Open SSL, phpMyAdmin.
 Apache 2.4.4
 MySQL 5.5.32
 PHP 5.4.16
 phpMyAdmin 4.0.4
 Tomcat 7.0.41
MySQL Workbench
MySQL is a unified visual tool for database architects, developers and DBAs. MySQL
Workbench provides data modeling, SQL development and comprehensive administration tools for
server configuration and user administration and many more. MySQL is available on Windows,
Linux and MAC OS.
MySQL Workbench enables a DBA, developer or data architect to visually design, model, generate
and manage databases. It includes everything a data modeler needs for creating complex ER models,
forward and reverse engineering, and also delivers key features for performing difficult change
management and documentation tasks that normally require much time and effort.
MySQL Workbench provides a visual console to easily administer MySQL environments and gain
better visibility into databases. Developers and DBAs can use the visual tools for configuring
servers, administering users, and viewing database health.

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MySQL Workbench delivers visual tools for creating, executing and optimizing SQL queries. The
SQL editor provides color syntax highlighting reuse of SQL snippets, and execution history of SQL.
The database connections panel enables developers to easily manage database connections. The
object browser provides instant access to database schema and objects.
2.3 Hardware Requirements
 Processor: 800 MHz Intel Pentium III or new.
 Disk Space: 50 MB or more.
2.4 Software Requirements
 Operating System: No particular OS required because PHP is platform independent.
 Software: XAMPP, MYSQL
2.5 Front End and back End
An important issue for the development of a project is the selection of suitable front end and
back end. When i decided to develop the project i went through an extensive study to determine the
most suitable platform that suits the needs of the campus as well as helps in development of the
project.
The aspects of our study included the following factors.
Front End selection:
 Flexibility.
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 Easy to understand.
 According to the campus requirements.
 Platform independent.
 Easy to debug and maintain.
Back End Selection:
 Multiple user support.
 Efficient data handling.
 Provides security.
 Efficient data retrieval and maintenance.
 Stored procedures.
 Popularity.
 Operating System compatible.
 Easy to install.
2.6 Functional requirements:-
 Administrator can change the information any time if required.
 Registration of the Voter depends upon the information filled by the user.
 Each voter can give unique Id and password.
 Voter can give vote after login and entering the Id and password.

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 In the database information of every voter is stored.
2.7 Non functional requirements-:
 Secure access of user detail.
 24X7 availability.
 24X7 availability.
 Flexible service based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension.
2.8 System implementation and technologies
Software
 MYSQL
It is used to store the data. It allows combination, extraction, manipulation of voter’s database.
It is platform independent and therefore can be implemented and used across several such as windows,
Linux server and it is compatible with various hardware mainframes. It is fast in performance, stable
and provide business values at a low cost.
 HTML
The full form of HTML is hypertext markup language. It is currently the core of the web world,
it is a language which is used to make up the web page. HTML is used to implementation of the web
pages it is like a glue which holds the things together.

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 CSS
CSS stands for cascading style sheet. It is used to style the pages. It is very important for
designing the pages.
 PHP
PHP stands for Hypertext Pre processor (or simply PHP) is a general purpose programming
language originally designed for web development. PHP originally stood for personal home page but
it now stands for the hypertext pre processor.
3.

DESIGN & FRAMEWORK
3.1 Software Process Model
Software development process is splitting of software development work into distinct phases.
It consist various activities with the intent of better planning and management. It is often considered
a subset of the system development life cycle. The methodology may include the pre definition of the
specific deliverables and art facts that are created and completed by a project team to develop or
maintain an application.

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Process of software development have many phases:-
 Communication: Customer / client communicates with software Development Company and

shares all his requirements about the software.
 Requirement gathering: Software Development Company will gather and note down all the
information about the software that they have to develop.
 Feasibility study: Company checks all the requirements whether those requirements are practical
or technical, and finds the approximate value of the software.
 System analysis: In this phase a time period will be allocated to software development team
under which they have to develop the software, for doing this there is a proper analysis of
software and time is decided accordingly.
 Software design: In this phase an outline of software, pattern of all modules, links between
modules etc. are generated.
 Coding: This is the main part of software development process, where software comes into real
existence. Till now every work was on paper or document but this is the development part where
developer has to follow the instructions given by software designer.
 Testing: In this phase of software development process, software developed by developer is

tested by other persons. In this phase tester checks the software is working according to
customer or not, he also checks technical faults / loop holes in program.
 Integration: In some process, development team completes the software in by developing

modules one by one. In this phase all the modules will be combined and then there will be final
testing of the software.
 Implementation: In this phase, development team goes to client’s place and install software in
clients system. They also give all instructions about software.
 Maintenance: This is the phase after completion of software, if there is some problem in
software, then again that problem is solved by developing team.

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 Disposition: There is a time limit of every software after which company will deploy the
software from client’s system.
3.1.1 Waterfall Model
The waterfall model is a relatively linear sequential design approach for certain areas of
engineering design. In software development, it tends to be among the less iterative and flexible
approaches, as progress flows in largely one direction through the phases of conception, initiation,
analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance.
Design
The waterfall approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate phases.
In this waterfall model, typically, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase
sequentially.
Original waterfall model, the following phases are followed in order:
 System and software requirements: Captured in a product requirements document.
 Analysis: Resulting in models, schema and business rules.
 Design: Resulting in software architecture.
 Coding: The development, providing, and integrating of software.
 Testing: The systematic discovery and debugging of defects.
 Operations: The installation, migration, support, and maintenance of complete systems.
Thus the waterfall model maintains that one should move to a phase only when it’s preceding phase
is reviewed and verified.

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3.1.2 Iterative Model

In the Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of
the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is
implemented and ready to be deployed.
An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with full specification of requirements. Instead,
development begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software, which is then
reviewed to identify further requirements. This process is repeated, producing a new version of the
software at the end of each iteration of the model.

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3.1.3 Incremental development model

The incremental build model is a method of software development where the product is
designed, implemented and tested incrementally until the product is finished. It involves both
development and maintenance. The product is defined as finished when it satisfies all of its
requirements. This model combines the elements of the waterfall model with the iterative philosophy
of prototyping.
In incremental process there are some phases, and they are as follows:
 Analysis: In this phase customer contacts with software Developer Company and tell them his
requirements. After that, developing team note down all the requirements of clients / customer.
 Design: In this phase, developing team designs the outline of program and pattern of modules.
They decide a time period under which team has to develop the module.
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 Code: In this phase, all outline and instruction made for development of modules is given to
developer and developer codes the module accordingly. He follows the pattern designed in
design phase and follows all the instructions for developing module.
 Test: In this phase, work done by developer goes to testing team, where they test the module in
all aspects. They compare, whether module is working according to the need of client. They also
checks all technical issues and bugs or loop holes in program.
 Delivery: In this phase, developing team handover the module to client after testing its features
and working. As each modules comes in working condition, team forwards it to the client. It
gives the feeling of satisfaction to customer seeing his software in stage of development.

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3.2 Block Diagram
The above diagram shows the connectivity between the client side, application server and
database server. The client or customer can access the HTML server or client software. These are
connected to the Wamp Server (WAMP) by a TCP/IP which is a communication protocol used to
connect the teachers or parents to the internet. This WAMP Server now directly communicates with
the database made in MYSQL. All the enquires or data will be retrieved from the database.

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HTTP/HT
HTML CLIENT
TPS
WAMP
MYSQL
SERVER
CLIENT
TCP/IP
SOFTWARE
3.3 DFD or ER Diagrams
3.3.1 DFD
 DFD-1
The above diagram is a DFD-1 that only shows the flow of data between the various and the
system. In online voting system the administrator is the controller of the system and all the decisions
are made by him/her. The administrator can handle the entire voter and able to do operations like
update, delete, add etc.

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ADMIN OR USER SYSTEM OUTPUT
 DFD-2
The above diagram is DFD-2, in this it is shown the modules description of the online voting
system. It gives the details of the modules available in the website. The user can see the home page
without register itself.
HOME
PAGE
VOTER’S VOTER’S
ADMIN LOGIN
LOGIN REGISTRATION

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 DFD-3
The above diagram is DFD-3 which shows the vote process of the online voting system. If
the user wants to give the vote then it is compulsory to register itself and then login with the id
password to give the vote.
VOTE
LOGIN ( with id
password)
REGISTER
VOTE
PROCESS

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 DFD-4
The above shown diagram is a 4-level Data Flow Diagram for the Online voting system.
According to this DFD various process are done after login process. The voter can view the final result
after giving vote. A voter can give vote if all the information filled by him\her are correct.
VOTER
LOGIN PROCESS REGISTRATION
PROCESS
VOTER
INFORMATION
CHECKING PROCESS
FINAL RESULT
VOTING PROCESS

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3.3.2 ER Diagrams
ADMIN REGISTER
VOTER
FAIL
ID PASS
LOGIN
VOTING
VOTING
RESULT
VIEW
RESULT

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The entity relationship diagram shows the relationship between the various users and their attributes
and how it works.
3.4 Logic and Trick used
While developing a program we use a lot of tricks and logic. Developing a project is all about
working on your logical skills and implementing your language knowledge. There are many tricks
and logic have been implemented in this project. Now we will explain some of them one by one:
Logic in Home Page
In the very first page you will see a simple home page with different modules in it. In the
home page there is a gallery and register section available through which user is able to see the
description of the candidates who are stand in election and if he/she wants to give vote he/she will
able to do that after registration.
There are different type of modules are available in the home page:-
 Candidates
 Complain Box
 Voter’s Registration
 Voter’s Login
 Admin Login
Code
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<body>
<img src= "pic8.jpg" width="100%">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">

<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-

target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Online Voting System</a>
</div>

<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active">
<a href="h.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li>

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<a href="aboutus.html">About Us</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>
<a href="Candidates.html">Candidates</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="">Complain Box</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="voter login.html">Voter's Login</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="voter's reg.html">Voter's Registration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="">Admin's Login</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</div>

</nav>
<div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<center><h2>Gallery</h2></center>
<div class="w3-content w3-section" style="width:100%">
<img class="mySlides" src="pic12.jpg" width=100%>
<img class="mySlides" src="vote.jpg" width=100%>
</div>
<script>
var myIndex = 0;
carousel();
function carousel() {
var i;
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var x = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
x[i].style.display = "none";
myIndex++;
if (myIndex > x.length) {myIndex = 1}
x[myIndex-1].style.display = "block";
setTimeout(carousel, 2000); // Change image every 2 seconds
</script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Logic used in registration page
<html>
<head>
<title>Voter's Registration</title>

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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="voter reg.css" />
<script src="main.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="signup">
<form action="" method="post">
<h2>Register</h2>
<input type="text" name="t1"placeholder="Enter Full Name:">
<input type="text" name="t2" placeholder="Enter Course:">
<input type="text" name="t3"placeholder="Enter Branch:">
<input type="email" name="t4"placeholder="Enter Email id:">
<input type="text" name="t5"placeholder="Enter Student Code:">
<input type="text" name="t6"placeholder="Enter Contact No.:">
<input type="text" name="t7" placeholder="Enter Enrollment No.:">
<input type="submit" name="save" class="btn" value="Register">
</form>
</div>
</body>
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</html>
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","",ovs);
if(isset($_POST['save']))
$a=$_POST['t1'];
$b=$_POST['t2'];
$c=$_POST['t3'];
$d=$_POST['t4'];
$e=$_POST['t5'];
$f=$_POST['t6'];
$g=$_POST['t7'];
$i=mysqli_query($con,"insert into register values('$a','$b','$c','$d','$e','$f','$g')");
if($i==1)
echo"<script>alert('inserted')</script>";
else
{
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echo"something wrong";
?>
Logic used in Login page
<html>
<head>
<title>Voter's Login</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="voter login.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="signin">
<form method=post action=login.html>
<h2>Log In</h2>
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Student Code:">
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Password:">
<button class="btn">Log In</button>
</form>
</div>
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</body>
</html>
Logic used in admin login page
<html>
<head>
<title>Admin Login</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="admin login.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="signin">
<form method=post action=login.html>
<h2>Admin Login</h2>
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Username:">
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Password:">
<button class="btn">Log In</button>
</form>
</div>

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</body>
</html>
Logic used in candidate page
<html>
<head>
<title>Candidates</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="candidate.css" />
</head>
<body>
<form name="ggh" method="post" action="">
<h2>List of candidates who are standing in the election</h2>
<div class="row">
<div >
<style="text-align: center">
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Raj Kushwaha

</li></strong></center>
<br>
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Aisha Sharma</li></center>

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<br>
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Raman

Soni</li></strong></center>
<br>
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Kaira

Singh</li></strong></center>
<br>
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Muskan

Sharma</li></strong></center>
<br>
<center><input type="radio" name="c1"><strong><li>Aarav

Singh</li></strong></center>
<br>
<center><input type="submit" name="save" value="Save">
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?php
if(isset($_POST['save']))

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echo "<script>alert('Your Vote has been casted')</script>";
?>
4. TESTING
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about

the quality of the software product or service under test. Software testing can also provide an
objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the
risks of software implementation. Test techniques include the process of executing a program or
application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects), and verifying that the
software product is fit for use.
Software testing involves the execution of a software component or system component to evaluate
one or more properties of interest. In general, these properties indicate the extent to which the
component or system under test.
 Meets the requirements that guided its design and development,
 Responds correctly to all kinds of inputs,
 Can be installed and run in its intended environments, and
 Achieves the general result its stakeholder’s desire.
 Performs its functions within an acceptable time,
 Is sufficiently usable,

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As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite,
all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and
resources. As a result, software testing typically attempts to execute a program or application with
the intent of finding software bugs. The job of testing is an iterative process as when one bug is
fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or can even create new ones.
Software testing can provide objective, independent information about the quality of software and
risk of its failure to users or sponsors. Software testing can be conducted as soon as executable
software (even if partially complete) exists.
Over all approach to software development often determines when and how testing is conducted. For
example, in a phased process, most testing occurs after system requirements have been defined and
then implemented in testable programs. In contrast, under an agile approach, requirements,
programming, and testing are often done concurrently.
4.1 Project Implementation & Testing
At the end of the system design, it is the beginning for the actual coding to develop the
proposed system. During development phase, the table structure of the database will be first built in
order to provide a suitable data types that suit the system back end development, system connection
and data transfer. Next, the computer side client program will be developed and follow by will be the
web services that allow mobile phone client program to communicate with the server and lastly
mobile phone side client program will be developed.
In testing phase, several test cases will be carry out to test the system in order to determine the
system reliability and system accuracy. According to the test cases, a system testing report will be
generated for further review to figure out the system weaknesses and made improvement
accordingly. In the deployment phase, several training will be provided for the particular restaurant

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staff such as how to operate the system, the procedure of handling different event and several
instruction that need to be follow when operating the system.
4.2 Implementation Issues & Challenges
During the system implementation phase, several challenges need to be confront because it
involve end users to test the production system with various situation. The possible challenges may
face are as following:
User without background

The users are required to have basic knowledge of how to operate a computer system and
android mobile phone in order to use the system. This will be difficulty to give training to the user as
the basic knowledge information can be obtained from internet easily.
The screen size of different device

This would be one of the issue that will encounter while implementing the system. Because
user are able to download the mobile application from the official website and use it as a client
device to place order. Therefore, if the user device screens size are too small or too big. The content
and interface of the application may not consistence.
Server performance
During real time system implementation, three would be a huge number of client that access
to the server at the same time. Therefore, it may slow down the connection and performances of the
system and even causes the server down if the issue goes beyond the level of acceptance.

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4.3 Types of testing uses
4.3.1 White Box Testing
This method is highly effective in detecting and resolving problems, because bugs or fault is
a manifestation of an error in a software, can often be found before they cause trouble. We can
shortly define this method as testing software with the knowledge of internal structure and coding
inside the program. White box testing is also called white box analysis, clear box testing or clear box
analysis.
It is a strategy for software debugging i.e. process of locating and fixing bugs in computer program
code or the engineering of a hardware device, i which the tester has excellent knowledge of how the
program components interact. This method can be used for Web services applications, and is rarely
practical for debugging in large systems and networks white box testing is considered as security
testing.
4.3.2 Black Box Testing
This method of testing software based on output requirements and without any knowledge of
the internal structure or coding in the programming another words, a black box is any device whose
workings are not understood by or accessible to its user.
For example, in telecommunications, it is a resistor connected to a phone line that makes it

impossible for Telephone Company’s equipment to detect when a call has been answered. In data
mining, a black box is an algorithm that doesn’t provide an explanation of how it works. In film –
making, a black box is a dedicated hardware device: equipment that is specifically used for a
particular function, but in the financial world, it is a computerized trading system that doesn’t make
its rules easily available.
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4.3.3 Grey Box Testing
It is defined as testing software while already having some knowledge of its underlying code
or logic. It is based on the internal data structures and algorithms for designing the test cases more
than black box testing but less than white box testing. This method is important when conducting
integration testing between two modules of code written by two different developers, where only
interfaces are exposed for test.
4.3.4 Desk Checking
Desk checking is an informal manual test that programmers can use to verify coding and
algorithm logic before a program launch. This enables developers to spot some errors that might
prevent a program from working as it should. Modern debugging tools make desk checking less
essential than it was in the past, but it can still useful way of spotting logic errors.
4.3.5 Code Complexity
Code complexity defined as the amount of effort needed to understand and maintain the code
properly. Complexity is often related with code size. However this is not right something a small
code size module is more complex than the long one. This is recommended to have combination of
code size metrics and complexity metrics to detect code complexity.
4.3.6 Pair Testing

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Pair testing is a software testing technique in which two people test the same feature at the same
place at same time by continuously sharing their ideas. It generates more ideas which result in better
testing of the application under test.
4.3.7 Alpha Testing
Alpha testing is performed to identify all possible issues / bugs before releasing the product
to everyday users or public. The focus to this testing is to simulate real users by using black box and
white box techniques.
The aim is to carry out the tasks that a typical user might perform. Alpha testing is carried out in a
lab environment and usually the testers are internal employees of the organization. To put it as simple
as possible, this kind of testing is called alpha only because it is done early on, near the end of the
development of the software, and before beta testing.
4.3.8 Beta Testing
Beta testing is performed by real users of the software application in a real environment and
can be considered as a form of external user acceptance testing. Beta version of software is released
to a limited number of end users of the product to obtain feedback on the product quality.
Beta testing reduces product failure risks and provides increased quality of product through customer
validation. It is the final test before shipping a product to the customers. Direct feedback from
customer is a major advantage of beta testing. This testing helps to test the product in real time
environment.

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4.4 Testing Team
This project Online voting system went through grey box testing as well as black box testing,
where some of my class mates have checked that software is working properly in all aspects. Persons
involved in testing of this project are:
Black box testing

 Isha Kaushal
 Ichchha Mishra
Grey box testing

 Ashish Shukla
 Rakesh Yadav
Desk checking
 Ayush Soni
 Mansi Mishra
Code complexity
 Rishabh Mishra
 Babu Sharma
Pair testing
 Harman Kaur
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 Lekhani Singh

Alpha testing
 Kamta Prasad Gautam
 Pooja Kol
 Arya Shrivastava
Beta testing
 Abhishek Vishwakama
 Subhashini Gupta
 Rishabh Jha
People involved in black box testing & beta testing are not from computer science
background. They have only tested this project “Online voting system” as a user / client. They gave
some feedback and I have worked on all those points as suggested by them as a user.
People involved in grey box testing and alpha testing belong from computer science field and they
have tested all bugs in this project on Online voting system. They gave some feedback regarding
bugs, loop holes, and we have also worked on those points also. People involved in desk checking
and code complexities were from computer science background.

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5. SNAPSHOTS
Home Page

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Candidate page

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Voter’s Login Page

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Registration page

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Admin Login

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Database

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7.1 Advantages
6.
CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 49
APPLICATIONS ONLINE VOTING
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6.1 Applications
To make the communication strong with the candidate and to provide the easy way for
voting. To increment the voting percentage. As many people have their physical issue that they
cannot go to voting boot so this system gives facility to voters that they can vote from any place or
any location.
The casting of the online voting system from virtually from college building and display voting
results for the administrator to analyze and provide a most secure and user-friendly online voting
system. In the old voting system the power full candidate misuse their power to get the votes from
the peoples which is not fair. As the voting is online all the information and names of the candidates
should be private through which the election should be done fair.
Online voting system contains-:
• Voter’s information in database.
• Voter’s Names with ID.
• Voter’s vote in a database.
• Calculation of total number of votes.
Various operational works:-
• Recording information of the Voter in Voter database.

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• Checking of information filled by voter.
• Discard the false information.
6.2 Traditional System vs Online System
Traditional System
• Voting is done using ballot (small piece of paper).
• Counting is done manually.
• Time consuming process.
• Peoples have to come voting booth to give vote.
• Chances of counting mistakes.
• Result are not accurate.
• Limitation of time.
Online System
• Voting is done anytime anywhere.
• Accurate and fair result.
• Less human effort.
• Fast and easy to use.
• No chance of counting mistakes or duplicate votes.

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• No limitation of time.
• Less time consuming.
6.3 Voting Equipment
Voting equipment which are mostly adopted by many countries are:-
 Paper based voting
In this the voter gets a blank ballot in which different candidate names are mentioned. With
the help of pen or marker the voter will give the vote. Hand counted ballot is a time and labour
consuming process but it is easy to manufacture ballot paper ballot and the ballots can be retained for
verifying this type is still the most common way to vote.
 Lever voting machine
Lever machine is a peculiar equipment and each lever is assigned for a corresponding
candidate. The voter pulls the lever to poll for his favorite candidate. This kind of voting machine
can count up the ballots automatically because its interface is not user friendly. Some training is
required for the voters.
 Punch Cards
The voter uses metallic hole punch to punch a hole on the blank ballot. It can count votes
automatically but if the voters process is incomplete the result is probably determined
wrongfully.punched cards systems employ a card (or cards) and a small clipboard-sized device for
recording votes. Voters punch holes in the cards with a ballot marking device.

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Typical ballot marking devices carry a ballot label that identifies the candidates or issues
associated with each punching position on the card, although in some cases, the names and issues are
printed directly on the card. After voting, the voter may place the ballot in a ballot box, or the ballot
may be fed into a computer vote tabulating device at the precinct.
 Optical Voting Machine
After each voter fills a circle correspond to their favorite candidate on the blank ballot this
machine selects the darker mark on each ballot for the vote then computes the total result. This kind
of machine counts ballot very rapidly. If the voter over fill the circle then it count invalid vote or
seems error.
 Document-based ballot voting systems
A document ballot voting system records votes, counts votes, and produces a tabulation of the
vote count from votes cast on paper cards or sheets. A document ballot voting system can allow for
manual or electronic tabulation.
 Manually marked and tabulated paper ballots
The first use of paper ballots to conduct an election appears to have been in Rome in 139
BCE, and the first use of paper ballots in the United States was in 1629 to select a pastor for the
Salem Church.
 Optical scan (mark sense)
An optical sense, or mark sense, voting system allows a voter to record votes by making
marks directly on the ballot, usually in voting response locations.
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 Using electronic input device
A paper-based system may allow for the voter's selections to be indicated by marks made on
a paper ballot by an electronic input device.
 Voter-verified paper audit trail
Some traditionally non-document ballot voting systems may print a voter verified paper audit
trail (VVPAT) to serve as a document (ballot) for each vote.
 Electronic ballot marker
An electronic ballot marker (EBM) or ballot marking device is categorized as any such input
device that does not independently record, store, or tabulate the voter selections.
 Public network direct-recording electronic voting system
A public network DRE voting system is an election system that uses electronic ballot and
transmits vote data from the polling place to another location over a public network. Vote data may
be transmitted as individual ballots as they are cast, periodically as batches of ballots throughout the
election day, or as one batch at the close of voting.
6.4 Advantages
 Empowerment

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Voting is the most powerful way for members to have a voice in the leadership and direction
of their association. When allowed to vote in fair and open elections, members feel a greater sense of
value, ownership, and responsibility. Online elections help empower members of associations,
societies, and other democratic organizations by making voting easy and convenient.
 Accessibility
Online voting allows association members to access their ballots from anywhere at any time,
provided they have an Internet connection. This makes casting a vote convenient and fast. Members
can cast their votes from home, from work or “on the go” via their mobile devices.
 Cost effectiveness
Online voting reduces election budgets by limiting production costs. Paper, printing, and
postage costs are all significantly lower for online elections than for traditional voting methods. In
addition, staff will save time because online elections eliminate the need to assemble ballot packages
and manually tabulate votes.
 Security and confidentiality
A properly designed, secure online voting system has safeguards in place to protect voting
information and voter identities. A voting website hosted on a secure server will only be accessible to
authorized members through unique voter login.
Online ballots are transmitted from voters’ computers or mobile devices to balloting systems
using SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), the same encryption technology used by U.S. financial
institutions. These layers of protection form a technology shield that detects unauthorized access,
eliminates ballot tampering, and reduces the chance of voting fraud.
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 Eco-friendly
Web-based balloting conserves resources by reducing the amount of paper associated with an
election. Paper ballots, envelopes, flyers, and other paper collateral are either moved to electronic
format or eliminated. This is particularly important if your association members are sensitive to the
use of natural resources.
 Membership engagement
Online voting and other modern participation methods demonstrate an association’s

commitment to connecting with its members. It shows the organization is staying relevant and is
dedicated to keeping in touch.
 Appeal to younger members
According to the Pew Internet and American Life Project, 95 percent of Americans between
the ages of 18 and 29 use the Internet. This means that online options such as web voting might be a
great way to get younger members involved in the decision-making process.
 Fast, accurate results
With online voting there are no rejected, miss marked or invalid ballots. Results are
automatically calculated, eliminating the need for manual tabulation and dreaded recounts.
Computerized tabulation allows election managers to quickly announce decisions and results.
6.5 Goals

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 Planned approach towards working:-
The working in the organization will be well planned and organized. The data will be stored
properly in data stores, which will help in retrieval of information as well as its storage.
 Accuracy: -
The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All operation would be done
correctly and it ensures that whatever information is coming from the center is accurate.
 Reliability:-
The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the above stated reasons. The
reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be proper storage of
information.
 No Redundancy:-
In the proposed system utmost care would be that no information is repeated anywhere, in
storage or otherwise. This would assure economic use of storage space and consistency in the data
stored.
 Immediate retrieval of information:-
The main objective of proposed system is to provide for a quick and efficient retrieval of
information.

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 Immediate storage of information:-
In manual system there are many problems to store the largest amount of information.
 Easy to Operate:-
The system should be easy to operate and should be such that it can be developed within a
short period of time and fit in the limited budget of the user.

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7. LIMITATIONS & FUTURE

ENHANCEMENT
7.1 Limitations
 Legal and bylaw issues:-
You need to check state statutes and your association’s bylaws to make sure that online voting
is an acceptable election method. Often, state law or internal policy clearly states if online methods
are acceptable. When in doubt, check with legal counsel.
Your organization’s attorney should be able to advise you as to whether you can immediately
move forward with online voting. If either state law or internal guidelines prohibit electronic
methods, your challenge will be to revise the applicable statute or policy to permit online voting.
 Learning curve:-
As with any new process, online election methods might cause anxiety and trepidation for
some members. You’ll need to invest in a well-planned promotion and education strategy to properly

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teach and reassure members about the new election process. This plan will require buy-in from
leadership and must be large enough in scope to reach all members.
 Not all organizations are a good fit:-
Online elections are not the best answer for every association, nor are all association
members computer-savvy. Some members may not have easy access to the Internet. According to the
Pew Internet and American Life Project, only 42 percent of Americans ages 65 and older use the
Internet. Also, only 67 percent of people living in rural communities use the Internet compared to 81
percent of people living in urban areas.
This means that an association consisting primarily of older members who live in sparsely
populated areas should consider maintaining some form of traditional voting practice. Before
investing in an online voting system, take the time to break down your association’s demographics
and tendencies so that you can build a voting process that best serves the needs of your members.
 Expertise required:-
Building an online voting system requires programming experience and an understanding of

election processes. Often, associations need to look outside the organization to establish an online
voting system either because their staff lacks the necessary expertise or because building such a
system internally would put an unreasonable strain on employee resources.
If you use an outside vendor, your challenge will be to find an election partner as serious
about your election as you are. Ask potential partners for references, and research their track records
of serving fellow associations. In some cases, you may find it necessary to issue a request for
proposal regarding your election needs to properly compare vendor services and capabilities.
 Providing support:-
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A critical piece to any online voting process is providing designated voter support. No matter
how well-designed and well-thought-out the online voting system, if members can’t log in or quickly
get help when they need it, their perception of the online process will not be favorable.
A resource needs to be available to guide struggling members through logging in and casting
their votes and to answer frequently asked questions. Your challenge will be to allocate the resources
and designate a person to provide the necessary member support.
7.2 Existing electronic voting system
 Paper based electronic voting
` This system is sometimes called a "document ballot voting system". Paper-based voting
systems originated as a system wherein votes are cast and counted by hand, using paper ballots. With
the advent of electronic tabulation systems, paper cards or sheets could be marked by hand, but
counted electronically.
 Paper based process
The process, which is involved in the paper-based electoral system, is a rigorous one. First,
all persons who are eligible to vote (normally eighteen years of age or older) should be a citizen of
the country. These persons will have to go and get enumerated six months in advance after which the
election workers will visit their residential addresses to ensure first that those persons actually live
there and ascertain that they have given the correct information about themselves. After validation, a
voter’s Id will be issued. The complete procedure involves lot of paper work. Appropriate training
will have to be provided for the staff members in charge of polling duty. During the day of polling,
the concerned staff members are required to be present half hour prior to the opening of the polling
booth/station to check that all arrangements have been done correctly.

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 Electronic voting
Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) encompasses both electronic means of casting
votes and counting of votes. It can include punched cards, optical scan voting systems and
specialized voting kiosk, transmission of ballots via telephones, private computer networks or the
internet. There are different types of electronic voting systems with the advent of technology to avoid
electoral frauds like paper based electronic voting, Direct Recording Electronic Voting, public
network Direct Recording Electronic Voting.
 Smart card in voting
With the use of the smart cards and kiosk there was a significant leap in voting technology, as
persons were able to vote within their own comfort zone or that was the intension. The need for the
various human security bodies was eliminated. However, everyone who is eligible to vote
would have to have a pre- program smart card.The voting Kiosk is where all the action is located. To
start, the voter must place the voter token into the slot.
The voting kiosk will seize this token until the voter has successfully voted. After the token has been
seized, the kiosk will verify that this token is valid authentic, this is done by looking at the RV signed
token, time stamp and the polling site id .
This system however, has flaws on security aspect and voters could vote multiple times.In addition,
persons may have to stand in long queue to cast their votes.Taking the above aspects into
consideration, we here propose a Biometric authenticated Mobile voting system for Jamaica in the
first instance, which would use authentication using Fingerprint and voting using the mobile device
id i.e. IMEI number, as main security mechanisms. Now before going into the details of this
proposed system, we would briefly review security schemes that would be used for mobile voting.
7.3 Benefits
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 Fast and easy service.
 The online voting system provides a less time consuming .
 It reduces the paper work and makes the work less.
 It is a better way for voting.
 By this voting percentage will increase drastically.
 Voter has no need to go to any polling booth ,so it is easy to use.
7.4 Future Enhancement
This project is online so the user can give the vote from anywhere. It saves the time and make
the election faster and easier. This project helps to make the elections fair. Online voting system is
very useful for the college elections, president elections, monitor elections etc.
This system gives the facility to give vote from any location. Now a day everything is getting
online so this will be a better option for our rights. It also reduces the violence against the peoples
only the right candidate will be win. This project is very useful and solve a big problem of ours.

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8. CONCLUSION
8.1 Conclusion
Using this project online voting system it is very easy for the users to vote their favorite
candidate without any fear. With the help of this system people will vote from different places and
without any fear. Some peoples have the physical disability from which they are unable to go in the
voting area and vote. This voting system is very secure and there is no change of any duplicate vote
and errors. This system decreases the human effort and make voting system easy. Overall, the online
voting system is very flexible and user friendly and it is very easy to operate.
This Online Voting system will manage the Voter’s information by which voter can login and use his
voting rights. The system will incorporate all features of Voting system. Its provide the tools for
maintaining voter’s vote to every party and it count total no. of votes of every party.

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In this user who is above 18 year’s register his/her information on the database and when he/she
want to vote he/she has to login by his id and password and can vote to any party only single time.
Voting detail store in database and the result is displayed by calculation. By online voting system
percentage of voting is increases. It decreases the cost and time of voting process. It is very easy to
use and It is vary less time consuming.
In online voting system a voter can use his\her voting right online without any difficulty. He\She has
to fill a registration form to register himself\herself. All the entries is checked by the database which
has already all information about the voter. If all the entries are correct then a user id and password is
given to the voter, by using that id and password he\she can use his\her vote. If conditions are wrong
then that entry will be discarded. Those whose age is above 18 years of any sex can give his\her vote
online without going to any polling booth.
Plagiarism check

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AKS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 1 ONLINE VOTING

The main objectives of system for Online voting system are:

 System should support multi-user environment.

 System should be fully automated.

 Various outputs (reports) should be available online any time.

1.3 Problem Statement

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 4 ONLINE VOTING

Major problems faced by the peoples:-

1.4 Technology Used

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 5 ONLINE VOTING

 Knowledge of website designing.

 Knowledge of HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, JQUERY.

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 6 ONLINE VOTING

2.1 Specification of Machine Used

2.2 Software Tool Specification

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 7 ONLINE VOTING

XAMPP for Windows

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 8 ONLINE VOTING

2.3 Hardware Requirements

 Processor: 800 MHz Intel Pentium III or new.

 Disk Space: 50 MB or more.

2.4 Software Requirements

 Operating System: No particular OS required because PHP is platform independent.

 Software: XAMPP, MYSQL

2.5 Front End and back End

The aspects of our study included the following factors.

Front End selection:

 According to the campus requirements.

 Easy to debug and maintain.

Back End Selection:

 Multiple user support.

 Efficient data handling.

 Efficient data retrieval and maintenance.

 Operating System compatible.

2.6 Functional requirements:-

 Administrator can change the information any time if required.

 Each voter can give unique Id and password.

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 10 ONLINE VOTING

 In the database information of every voter is stored.

2.7 Non functional requirements-:

 Secure access of user detail.

2.8 System implementation and technologies

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 11 ONLINE VOTING

3.1 Software Process Model

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 12 ONLINE VOTING

Process of software development have many phases:-

 Communication: Customer / client communicates with software Development Company and

 Testing: In this phase of software development process, software developed by developer is

 Integration: In some process, development team completes the software in by developing

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 13 ONLINE VOTING

3.1.1 Waterfall Model

Original waterfall model, the following phases are followed in order:

 System and software requirements: Captured in a product requirements document.

 Analysis: Resulting in models, schema and business rules.

 Design: Resulting in software architecture.

 Coding: The development, providing, and integrating of software.

 Testing: The systematic discovery and debugging of defects.

 Operations: The installation, migration, support, and maintenance of complete systems.

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 14 ONLINE VOTING

3.1.2 Iterative Model

CHANCHAL TAMRAKAR 15 ONLINE VOTING

3.1.3 Incremental development model