 Songs and dances were used to worship

Contemporary gods
8. Physical Function
Philippine Arts  Paintings at times serve to protect walls
and ceilings of some buildings
WHAT IS ART? 9. Aesthetic Function
 Paintings serve to decorate houses and
Art is something we do, a verb. Art is an other buildings
expression of our thoughts, emotions, intuitions, and
desires, but it is even more personal than that: it’s about FACTORS AFFECTING ART STYLE
sharing the way we experience the world, which for
 Geographical Factors
many is an extension of personality. It is the
 Historical Factors
communication of intimate concepts that cannot be
 Social Factors
faithfully portrayed by words alone. And because words
alone are not enough, we must find some other vehicle  Ideational Factors
to carry our intent. But the content that we instill on or  Psychological Factors
in our chosen media is not in itself the art. Art is to be  Technical Factors
found in how the media is used, the way in which the
content is expressed.
History of
DIVISIONS OF ART STUDY
1. Aesthetics/Art Appreciation - Science of beauty.
Learn to admire artists, value highly different
Philippine Arts
works of art, appreciate societal role of art PRE-CONQUEST
2. Art History - Acquire knowledge of the artists,
 Art before the coming of the first colonizers
their backgrounds, masterpieces, and significant
 “Indigenous” or “pre-colonial”
contributions.
3. Art Production - Use creativity and apply artistic  Woven into the fabric of everyday life
Examples:
knowledge and skills in producing works of art
o Carving - bulul, manunggul jar, tapayan
4. Art Criticism - Use judgment in evaluating
o Weaving - malong, nito basket, langkit
different artworks based on the criteria set
o Ornamentation - tattoos, ornaments
FUNCTIONS OF ART o Instruments - kulintang, kudyapi,
gangsa, agung
1. Personal/Individual Function
o Rituals - cañao
 Gary Valenciano renders concerts for
free because he loves singing ISLAMIC COLONIAL (13TH CENTURY TO
2. Social Function THE PRESENT)
 A drama is performed by a group called
“cast” in front of another group called  Sulu
“audience.  Sayyid Abbubkar of Arabia married princess
3. Economic Function Paramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda
 Elvis Presley raked millions for his best- Examples:
selling records. o Literature - Quran
4. Political Function o Architecture - Madrasa
 Imelda Marcos promoted her political o Okir - Sarimanok, Buraq
programs by means of art by beautifying SPANISH COLONIAL
national roads and busy streets with
mural paintings.  Art that flourished conformed to the demands of
5. Historical Function the church and the colonial state
 Religious plays like senakulos not only  Catholicism
commemorate but also celebrate  “Religious art”, “Lowland Christian art” or “Folk
historical greats. art”
6. Cultural Function Examples:
 Paintings, sculptures, and architectural o Architecture - plaza complex, Baroque
works, songs, dances, dramas, and style
literary pieces are embodiments of a o Carving/Sculpture - santo, retablo, via
nation’s culture. crucis
7. Religious Function o Instruments - violin, pipe organ, guitar
o Music - pasyon/pabasa, kundiman
 o Literature - Doctrina Christiana,
Estamplas
o Theater - zarsusla, moro-moro komedya,
senakulo
o Dance - cariñosa, pandanggo, tango
o Painting - Spolarium, Virgenes
Christianas, Espetuas al Populacho
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898-
1940) TO THE POSTWAR REPUBLIC (1946,
1969)
 Introduced the American way of life
 Focused on education and government systems
 Sedition law - banned the writing, printing and
publication of materials advocating Philippine
independence
Examples:
o Theater
a) Drama Simbolico - one-act plays
representing deep, profound
yearning for freedom
b) B. Vaudeville - collection of
laptsick, magic acts, acrobatics,
stand-up comic acts, dances,
comedy skits
o Literature - “A Modern Filipina” as the
first Filipino play written in English
o Architecture - urban pattern responding
to the secular goals of education, health
and governance, neoclassical style
o Painting - Planting Rice (1921) &
Washing Scene (1951)
o Sculpture - oblation
JAPANESE COLONIAL (1946-1969)
 Formed the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
sphere, a propaganda movement rejecting
Western conditions
 “Asia for Asians”
Examples:
o Literature - liwayway, tribune
o Music - Sa Kabukiran
o Painting - “Harvest Scene”
70’S TO CONTEMPORARY
 Bagong Lipunan - rebirth of a long lost
civilization in aspiration to modernization and
development (Marcos Era)
 Propagation and implementation of Marcos’
vision through art and culture programs
combined with fine arts, architecture, interior
design, tourism, urban, planning etc.
 Cultural Center of the Philippines - considered
as “Shrine for the Stars”
- Provided venues and grants to artists,
and served as a validating entity that
institutionalized major awards like the
National Artist Award
- Authority on modern art and the enabler
of the avant-garde
 The contemporary period paved way for many
artistic works to be showcased to a greater
number of people at a wider scope of location
through various institutions and organizations
created to support and enhance Philippine arts
 Artists continue to revisit the native/folk, the
self, the environment, the nation, the past, the
various variations of the modern as sources of
inspiration in contemporary arts
Examples:
o Music - Bagong Pagsilang
o Architecture - coconut palace
o Installation art - wood things
Integrative Art as
Applied to Philippine
Contemporary Art
CLASSIFICATION OF ART FORMS
1. Visual arts - perceived by eyes and occupy space
(“spatial arts”)
 Graphic arts (2D) - painting, printing,
drawing, sketching, commercial art,
mechanical processes, computer
graphics, photography
 Plastic arts (3D) - sculpture, architecture,
landscape architecture, city planning,
interior design, costume design, set
design, theater design, industrial design,
crafts, allied arts
2. Audio-visual arts - perceived by both ears and
eyes
o Artists render performance in front of an
audience (“Performing arts”)
o Music (vocal, instrumental, mixed)
o Dance (ethnologic, social, theatrical)
o Drama (tragedy, comedy, farce,
melodrama)
3. Literary arts - presented in written mode and
intended to be read
o Prose (short stories, novels, essays,
plays)
o Poetry (narrative, lyric, dramatic)
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF ART
1. Choreography
 Arrangement or design for dance
movements, usually accompanied by
music
 Art of dancing composed of a series of
dance steps and movements to create a
story
 Incorporates both dance and music
 o Contemporary choreography - o collectives (individuals sharing
mostly seen in street dancing similar/related practices)
productions for regional o media
festivals o alternative programs
2. Musical Instruments  can be:
 Tools/devices that produce sound o Government-initiated
 Incorporates visual arts (intricate o Community or municipality-based
designs) and music (function) o Privately supported
o Lucresia Kasilag (National Artist o University oriented
for Music) - Infused the sounds o Artist-run
of native instruments on theater o Internet-based
and pictures
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
3. Literary and Musical Compositions
 Literary works: written works meant to 1. Educational Institution
be read, sung, or delivered in a play - offer formal artistic training and grant
 Musical compositions: notated degrees upon completion of an
 Can be integrated through film academic program (tertiary/post-
adaptations, musical plays, dance, graduate)
broadcast arts, etc. - extensive training ground
4. Visual Design - ex.: Philippine High School for the Arts
 Composition or layout of lines, shapes, (PHSA) – Los Baños, Laguna
and color to form patterns on paper, 2. Artist Residencies
textile, etc. - based on a program supported by
 Can be found in either 2-D works foundations, cultural organizations, or
(painting, drawing) or 3-D works private entities
(installation, sculpture) - ex.: Casa San Miguel – San Antonio,
5. Theatrical Performance Zambales
 Staging and execution of a production 3. Non-government and Academic Sectors
(drama, opera, festivals, etc.) - take part in the staging of contemporary
 Public presentation of a theatrical performances
dramatic/musical entertainment - ex.: Philippine Educational Theater
o Technology - Vital part of any Association (PETA) Kalinangan
performance Ensemble, Tanghalang Ateneo, Teatro
o Contemporary theatrical Tomasino, Dulaang UP, UP Kontra Gapi
performance - Experimental, 4. Museums
innovative, controversial, - traditionally based on a collection of
interdisciplinary objects
6. Cinema - tasked to preserve heritage
 Most popular of the art forms, yet, the - may be large-scale/small-scale
youngest - spaces of knowledge production
 Integration with theater - ex.: National Museum of Philippines,
Museo San Isidro de Pulilan
5. Galleries
Support System of the - spaces of consumption
- ex.: Tin-aw Art Gallery – Makati
Arts 6. Exhibitions
- used to be confined within the “white
 provide the environment for facilitating cube”
production and the circulation or distribution of - transact with patrons in behalf of artists
art - ex.: I am Love Marie Art Exhibit, Project
 creates a public for art by initiating events and Space Philippines (PSP) – Lucban,
activities that are not necessarily about money Quezon, Chan Lim Family Art Exhibit at
exchange SM Lanang Premier
 affect the way art is produced, encountered, and 7. Art Fairs, Auction Houses
valued - specifically respond to the market
 include: - regard art as a commodity
o institutions - short-term events where several
o organizations galleries exhibit and sell art in one large
venue
 - ex. Art Auction
8. Contests and Awards
- encourage artists to create new work,
keep pursuing their practice, and
recognize outstanding artistic
achievements
- ex.: Carlos Palanca Annual Awards
9. Foundations and Corporations
- helm activities as part of their
outreach/corporate social responsibility
- enhance their image by supporting
artists
10. Television, Radio, Social Media, Print Media
- platforms that disseminate artistic
efforts and shape people’s attitudes
toward art
- ex.: Liwayway Magazine
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND
THE ARTS
 responsible for preserving, promoting, and
developing culture and the arts in the Philippines
 formed under R.A. No. 7356 (1992)
 main organizational body for art development
 policy-making body and coordinator among
cultural agencies
Four Subcommissions of NCCA:
1. Subcommission on the Arts (SCA)
- facilitates the committees on Architecture and
the Allied Arts, Cinema, Dance, Dramatic Arts, Literary
Arts, Music, and Visual Arts
2. Subcommission on Cultural Heritage (SCH)
- includes committees on Archives, Art Galleries,
Historical Research, Libraries and Information Services,
Monuments and Sites, and Museums
3. Subcommission on Cultural Dissemination (SCD)
- handles committees on Communication,
Cultural Education, and Language and Translation
4. Subcommission on Cultural Communities and
Traditional Arts (SCCTA)
- takes care of the committees on Northern
Cultural Communities, Central Cultural Communities,
and Southern Cultural Communities
PHILIPPINE ARTS FESTIVAL
 Cinema Rehiyon
- film production from the regions where
independent filmmakers showcase their latest films
 Sayaw Pinoy
- tour dance concert showcasing different types
of dances (ballet, hip-hop, contemporary, folk dance)
 Literary Arts Festival
- writers, publishers, teachers, and students
gather for literary talks and lectures
 Tunug-tunugan
- week-long musical ensemble that uses musical
instruments made from traditional instruments (gonh,
bamboo, recycled materials) to promote philippine
culture and ingenuity
 Tanghal
- festival featuring the works of community-
based and university-based theater groups
 Philippine Visual Arts Festival
- conferences, workshops, exhibits,
tours, painting sessions, and competitions are held to
celebrate visual arts of the regions
National Arts Month
- Every February
NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD (NAA)
 Bestows the highest form of recognition to
Filipino artists for their significant contributions
in the arts and letters
 Conferred every three years through a rigorous
deliberation and selection process jointly
facilitated by two major cultural offices:
o National Commission on Culture and the
Arts
o Cultural Center of the Philippines
 Established in 1972 under P.D. No. 1001
(Ferdinand Marcos)
- Fernando Amorsolo – first recipient
SEVEN DISCIPLINAL AREAS OF NAA
1. Music
2. Dance
3. Theater/Drama
4. Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture)
5. Literature
6. Film and Broadcast Arts
7. Architecture, Design, and Allied Arts
Honors and Privileges Granted to a National Artist
1. Rank and title of “National Artist”
2. Insignia of a National Artist and a citation
3. Lifetime of emolument and material and physical
benefits
4. cash awards, monthly life pension,
medical/hospital benefits, life insurance
coverage, state funeral, burial at the Libingan ng
mga Bayani, place of honor in line with
protocular precedence, at national state
functions, and recognition at cultural events
NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES
a. Ryan Cayabyab (Music, 2018)
- Musician, composer, conductor
- Ballets, theater musicals, choral pieces,
mass set, orchestral pieces, pop music,
film scores, TV specials
- “Kumukutikutitap” – Classic Filipino
Christmas song
- “Da Coconut Nut” – popularized by
Smokey Mountain
b. Francisca Reyes Aquino (Dance, 1983)
- Traveled around the country to research
about unrecorded forms of local
celebrations, rituals, sports, folk dances,
and games
c. Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama (Theater, 1987)
- Queen of the Kundiman and of the
Sarsuela
- Very first actress in the very first locally
produced Filipino film, “Dalagang Bukid”
d. Fernando Amorsolo (Visual Arts, 1972)
- First National Artist awardee
- Portraitist and painter of rural Philippine
landscape
e. Nick Joaquin (Literature, 1976)
- Most Distinguished Filipino writer in
English, writing so variedly and so well
about so many aspects of the Filipino
- “May Day Eve” – classic Filipino short
story that involves magic realism
f. Catalino “Lino” Brocka (Cinema, 1997)
- Espoused the term “freedom of
expression” in the Philippine
Constitution
- Took his social activist spirit to the
screen leaving behind 66 films which
breathed life and hope for the
marginalized sectors of society –
slumdwellers, prostitutes, construction
workers, etc.
- “Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang” – film
about a privileged teen disillusioned
with the hypocrisy he witnesses in his
small town, and forms a bond with a
lonely leper and a mentally unstable
homeless woman
g. Leandro Locsin (Architecture, 1990)
- Reshaped the urban landscape with a
distinctive architecture reflective of
Philippine art and culture
- Philippine Architecture is “the product of
two great streams of culture, the
oriental and the occidental… to produce
a new object of profound harmony.”
- Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) –
“Shrine for the arts”
- Philippine International Convention
Center (PICC)
Gawad sa Manlillikha
ng Bayan
(GAMABA)
 Also known as “National Living Treasure Award”
 Given to Filipinos who spearhead the practice,
preservation, and promotion of the national
traditional folk arts
 Recognizes exceptional artists who are engaged
in the traditional arts
 Aimed at honoring and supporting traditional
folk artists and preserving their skills and crafts
 Role is to pass on the artistic knowledge of artists
to the community, inspire them, and ensure that
aspects of their cultural identity remain intact
 Forms produced not only have high aesthetic
value, but also functional and accessible in
everyday setting
 Strongly grounded in culture, spirituality and
religion, and environment
 Started in 1992 (R.A. No. 7335 “The Manlilikha
ng Bayan Act”)
⁎ National Commission for Culture and the
Arts – implementing arm
DIFFERENT FIELDS OF ART UNDER GAMABA
1. Folk architecture
2. Maritime transport
3. Weaving
4. Carving
5. Performing arts
6. Literature
7. Graphic and plastic arts
8. Ornament
9. Textile or Fiber Art
10. Pottery
AWARDS RECEIVED BY A GAMABA AWARDEE
1. Specifically designed medallion or plaque
2. Initial grant of Php 100,000.00, aside from a Php
14,000.00 monthly stipend for a lifetime
NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES
1. Estelita Bantilan (Weaving, 2016)
- A Blaan mat weaver
⁎ T’nalak / T’boli cloth weaving
- A tedious process that begins with
stripping the stem of the abaca plant to get the
fibers, to coaxing even finer fibers for the textile,
then drying the threads and tying each strand by
hand
- Bulinglangit (clouds), the bankiring
(hair bangs), and the kabangi (butterfly)
2. Eduardo Mutuc (Carving, 2004)
 - A Kapampangan metalsmith - Crystallized the terror and angst of his
- Dedicated his life to creating religious time through vivid, cubistic figures
and secular art (retablos, mirrors, altars, and - ex. Scream, Fishermen
carosas) in silver, bronze and wood 9. Francisco Mañosa (National Artist for
- Learned silver plating and began using Architecture)
the technique to emulate gold and silver - Focused on promoting Filipino
decorations to his masterpieces architecture
- “Only in perfecting one’s craft can - Translated traditional art into
there be real reward.” contemporary art
3. Alonzo Saclang (Performing Arts, 2000) - Adds Filipino style to his creations
- A Kalinga musician and dancer - ex. The Coconut Palace
⁎ Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe 10. Benedicto Reyes Cabrera (National Artist for
- Created to preserve knowledge in tribal Visual Arts – Painting)
performing arts
- Key figure in the development of protest art
- Mission to create and nurture a greater
against Marcos dictatorship
consciousness and appreciation of Kalinga
culture, among the Kalinga themselves and - Passionately involved with social commentary
beyond their borders and topics of repression and freedom
4. Ginaw Bilog (Literature, 1993)
- A Hanunuo Mangyan poet - ex. Afternoon Break, Two Women
⁎ Ambahan
- A poetic literary form composed of
Contemporary Art
seven-syllable lines used to convey message
through metaphors and images Materials and
- Courtship, giving advice to the young,
asking for a place to stay, saying goodbye to a
dear friend
Techniques
5. Teofilo Garcia (Ornament, 2012) MATERIALS
- An Ilocano casque maker
 Means by which an artist’s work is made
⁎ Tabungaw
 Used to transform idea/experience into
- A headpiece made from native gourd
something tangible for the audience to perceive
with finely woven rattan inside lining worn as
shield from the sun and rain CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIUMS
- Can last up to four generations with
proper care 1. Practical
6. Ambalang Ausalin (Textile Weaving, 2016) - Have immediate use for everyday and
- A Yakan textile weaver business life
⁎ Bunga sama - Design, architecture, furniture
- A design or category of weaving with 2. Environmental
floral and bold designs - Occupies space and changes in its
- Suwah bekkat (cross-stitch-like meaning and function depending on
embellishment) technique their categories
- Suwah pendan (embroiderylike - Architecture, sculpture, site-specific
embellishment) technique works
- She possesses the complex knowledge 3. Pictorial
of the entire weaving process, aware at the same - Painting, drawing, graphics, production
time of the cultural significance of each textile design
design or category 4. Auditory
- Instrument, film, music
few more artists: 5. Narrative
- Drama, novel, fiction, nonfiction, music
7. Fidel Antiporda Go (Pottery)
6. Dramatic
- A National Folk Artist of Chinese
- Staged and performed
descent known for his craft in pottery
- Drama, performance art, music & dance
⁎ Burnay (clay pot)
7. Musical
- Go’s Ruby Pottery, Vigan
- Include music, poetry, dance
8. Ang Kiukok (National Artist for Visual Arts)
- Pursued an expression imbued with COMMON MATERIALS USED BY ARTISTS
nationalist fervor and sociological agenda
1. Literary artist
 - pen, paper, typewriter 1. As an artifact
2. Visual artist - Directly experienced & perceived
- paint, paper, canvas - Static
3. Musician 2. Recorded
- instrument, musical sheet - Indirectly experienced through a
4. Painter medium (film, photograph, DVD, musical piece)
- oil paints, brushes 3. Time-based or in motion
5. Photographer/filmmaker - Received/perceived in real time (live
- camera plays, installations)
6. Sculptor
PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ART
- metal, wood, stone, clay, glass
PRACTICES
7. Architect
- wood, bamboo, bricks, concrete 1. Combined arts (Collaboration)
8. Dancer - Integration of different art forms
- body, music - Examples:
9. Theater artist a) Festivals
- integration of different arts - Street dancing, singing
10. Printmaker competitions, architectural
- ink, wood, metal, silk screen decors
TECHNIQUE b) Rituals, rites
- Dancing, singing,
 Process that makes use of materials on hand chanting, storytelling
 Skill to execute work and achieve desired effect c) Theater productions
 Manner in which an artist uses/manipulates - Acting, dancing, script,
material to communicate concept/meaning lights, sounds
according to his personal style d) Mixed media
- Traditional media, new
DIFFERENT KINDS OF TECHNIQUES media
1. Writing/Literature e) Film/Photography
- The way a writer arranges words and - Traditional media, new
thoughts to create moods/atmospheres or media
evoke a feeling - Use of English, Filipino or the 2. Experimental Arts
vernacular - No fixed standard
2. Music - Production of original, unique, and
- The way a musician handles his innovative works of art
instrument to interpret a composition and o Trial and error
express feelings - examples:
3. Visual design
- Approach in using a medium to come a) Improvisation
out with the desired result b) Use of different techniques on
o Traditional different mediums
o Improvised c) Use of different mediums for
o Alternative different purposes
o Avant-garde 3. Digital Arts (Digitalization)
4. Acting - examples:
- Manner of using facial expressions, a) Interactive arts
gestures, speech, and body movements to b) Animations
portray a character c) Virtual reality
5. Dance/Choreography EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
- Involves human movement and form
within the elements of time, space, and shape to  ISO (International Organization of
express an emotion/condition Standardization)
o Planned - How light-sensitive a camera is
o Improvised - Lower ISO = less sensitive, less noise
6. Film/Cinema - Higher ISO = more sensitive, more noise
- Vary from screenplay, special effects,  Shutter speed
sound effects, editing - How fast light enters the camera
- Length of light exposure of the sensor
HOW ART IS EXPERIENCED & CONSUMED
 - Slower shutter speed = more light
enters, blurry motion
- Faster shutter speed = less light enters,
freezed motion
 1/800 – fast
 1/30 – slow
 Aperture
- How much light enters
- Smaller value = more light enters,
shallower depth of field
- Larger value = less light enters, deeper
depth of field
 f22.0, f11.0 – large value
 f1.8, f2.8 – small value
Philippine Folk
Dances
LUZON
Luzon is in the northern part of the country. It includes
the different cordillera tribes such as Ifugao, Bontoc,
Apayao and Kalinga which contributed much to the
dance trove of the Philippines.
Dances from Luzon
• Idaw - depicts the hunting ritual performed
before a tribal war. Tribesmen would search and
watch the scared idaw bird which is believed to
lead the tribe to victory.
• Banga - shows the cordillera women on their
way to the river to fetch water for their families.
This dance projects the skill, strength, grace, and
agility of the women as they carry five or six clay
pots full of water on their head.
• Idudu - presents the typical Itneg/Tinggian
couple who take turns in taking care of their
children while doing their daily work in the fields.
VISAYAS
Visayas is a group of islands in the central Philippines.
Most Visayan dances have western, Arabian and Spanish
influences. The upbeat rhythm of the dances reflects the
happy character and outlook of the people. Their dances
frequently draw inspiration from animal movements.
Dances from Visayas
• Tinikling - originated from the province of Leyte
and is considered the national dance. It mimics
the movement of the tikling bird hopping over
shrubs, grasses, or bamboo traps set by farmers.
Dancers display remarkable grace while jumping
and hopping between two bamboo poles.
• Kuratsa - it is from Bohol province, is performed
by using a moderate waltz style. It tells the story
of a young, free-spirited couple who attempt to
get each other’s attention.
• Itik-itik - from Surigao del Norte, imitates the
duck, movements.
• Inalimango - from Panay and Capiz, depicts the
mud crab’s movements.
MINDANAO
Mindanao lies in the southern part of the country. It’s
dances often reflect the religion and culture of Muslim
Filipinos.
Dances from Mindanao
• Singkil - represents the epic legend “Darangan”
of the Maranao people. The crisscross rhythmic
clapping of the bamboo poles signifies falling
trees which the princess gracefully avoids. The
dancers wear serious and regal faces and
dignified posture from a slow pace progressing
to a fast tempo while skillfully maneuvering the
fans which symbolize the wind.
• Kini kini - also known as the royal walk which
depicts the social elite upbringing of Maranao
women. The dancers display grace in their
movement with scarves.
• Pangalay - is a Badjao dance. Their dance
demonstrates the agility of the upper body, the
rhythmic bounce of the shoulders, and the
simultaneous alternate waving of the arms. It is
commonly performed at weddings and other
social gatherings.
• Asik - a dance solo by a maiden ornamented with
fine beads, makeup, and a long head scarf. She
gives her whole heart and soul throughout the
dance to soften and win the favor of her Sultan
master to make up for a wrong doing.
“The fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling
in love.”
- Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice)
Dance
• Is an expression of the body, following rhythmic
patterns, and is usually accompanied by music.
• Comes from the Latin word damson which
means “to stretch” or “to drag”
• Oldest among all the arts
FORMS OF DANCE
 Traditional Dances (folk dance)
 are dances of indigenous communities that through the body
show cultural traits of people from a specific time and causing it to move
place. Customs and traditions are preserved in cultural like a wave) to
dance. give a

 Modern Dances

is a development that is less formal than the jerky/snapping effect.

classical ballet. FUNDAMENTAL MODERN DANCE MOVEMENTS
 Ballroom Dances • Laterals
type of social dancing, originally practiced in The dancers stand
Europe and the United States, that is performed by with the head and the spine in
couples and follows prescribed steps. alignment and the supporting
foot turned out. The arm over
 Cheer Dance
the supporting leg come straight
is a combination of cheering and dancing. This up next to the ear as the torso
includes number of gymnastic or acrobatic moves. tilts, unbroken to the side and
over the supporting leg. The
 Festival Dance
opposite leg lifts pointed
are seen during celebrations or fiestas. Usually, through the toes.
festival dances celebrate good harvests or good fortune.

BENEFITS OF DANCING
• increased physical confidence

• improved condition of the heart and lungs

• Improved general and psychological well being

• weight management
• greater self-confidence and self-esteem
• improved mental functioning
• stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis
• Spiral
This is a torso twist that begins in the pelvis. As
the body turns, each level is separately articulated all the
way up the spine-pelvis, lower spine, mid-section, neck,
and head.

MODERN DANCE
 Is a dance style that rejects many of the strict
rules of classical ballet, focusing instead on the
expression of inner feelings.
 It was created as a rebellion against classical
• Stag Leap
ballet, emphasizing creativity in choreography
and performances The stag leap is a very high jump into a split, but
 Hip-hop dance - This includes a wide range of although all legs are parallel to the floor, the front leg is
street dance styles that associated with the hip- bent from the knee inward.
hop culture, which started in New York City in the
mid-
’70s

 Locking - involves freezing from a fast movement

and locking in a certain position, holding that
position for a short while and then continuing in • Primitive Squat
the same speed as before.
 Popping - involves continuous contraction of the
muscles to the beat (like a force of energy going
 A primitive squat is a hop that lands in a deep
second-position plie-the feet are turned out heel-to-heel
and the knees are bent.
• Flat Back
It is actually a series of movement but the basic
movement makes a table top of the body.
EATING DISORDERS
• Hinge
In the hinge the dancer balances on the balls of
the feet, keeps a straight back and head and sends the
knees forward as the torso tilts back and the arms are
held straight out in front.
OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY SYSTEMS
 CARBOHYDRATES - Our muscles live and store
carbohydrates in what is known as glycogen.
 FAT - Fat is stored under our skin or adipose
tissue. It serves as insulator for the body to
prevent heat loss.
 PROTEIN - Protein is one of the fundamental
building blocks of the body.
 ATP CYCLE - When carbohydrates, fats and
proteins are broken down, they produce a
substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
 ATP is the energy fuel to the body for all it’s

functions.
PHOSPHOCREATINE ENERGY SYSTEM - This
Basic Steps in Dancing
system is used for instantaneous activity lasting
several seconds. In this system, a fuel called
creatine phosphate is used to make ATP.
Eating
TYPES OF EATING
 EMOTIONAL EATING - Turning to food to seek
comfort is what we call emotional eating.
Example: Some students who review for the
exams use to take peanuts as they “burn the
midnight oil” so to say.
 SOCIAL EATING - It is when one joins friends or
peers for any unintended eating for the sake of
being sociable, he/she is experiencing social
eating.
Example: Eating on a party, or being urged to eat
or drink, just to show how sociable you are.
 BINGE EATING DISORDER - it is characterized by
excessive eating; a person usually consumes
large amounts of food and feel unable to stop
eating.
 ANOREXIA NERVOSA - this literally means “loss
of appetite”. This unrealistic perception lead to
self-starvation and extreme weight loss because
the person suffering from this disorder is afraid
of eating and becoming fat.
Example: They perceive themselves to be
overweight when they are excessively
underweight.
 BULIMIA NERVOSA - this literally means “to eat
like an ox” to characterize the uncontrollable
recurrent and frequent episodes of eating
unusually large amounts of food followed by
behavior such as forced vomiting.
 COMPULSIVE OVER EATING - similar to bulimia
in the way the person consumes extremely large
amount of food even when they are not hungry
or when they are already full, but in this case
they eat continuously in order to cope with
stress and other emotional issues. Over a period
of time, obesity creeps in.
 Clockwise
- Moving any part of the body such as
hands arms, and shoulders like the
motion of the hands of a clock
 Counter-clockwise
- Reverse directions of the motion of the
hands of a clock
 Arms in Lateral Position
- Place both arms at one side, either
sideward right or left. This may be done
at shoulder, chest, or waist level
 Arms in Reverse T
- Place arms on side horizontal position,
elbows bent at right angles, forearms
parallel to head, palms forward or facing

inward, fists loosely closed
Crossed Arms
- Partners face each other or stand side by
side, girl at the right side of the boy. They
join hands together right over left or left
over right
 Hands on Waist
- Place hands on the waistline, knuckles
in, fingers pointing in rear
 Hayon Hayon
- Place one forearm in front and the other
at the back of the waist
 Hapay
- Pretend to offer a handkerchief, hat, or
glass of wine to somebody as a sign of
invitation
 Kumintang
- Move the hand from the wrists halfway
clockwise, then raise and lower once or
twice
 Masiwak
- Turn the hands from the wrists halfway
clockwise, then raise and lower once or
twice
 Outside Hand
- Place hand away from the partner when
partners stand side by side
 Salok
- Swing the arms downward-upward
passing in front of the body as if
scooping. Bend the trunk forward
following the movement of the arm
doing the salok
 Inside Foot
- Foot nearest the partner when partners
stand side by side
 Panadyak
- Stamp in front or at the side with right or
left foot and tap with the same foot close
to the right of left foot with the weight
of the body on the right or left foot
 Point
- Touch the floor lightly with the toes of
one’s foot, while weight of the body is on
the other foot
 Slide
- Glide foot smoothly along the floor
 Tap
- Rap slightly with the ball or toe of the
free foot. There is no transfer of weight
 Sarok
- Cross the right or left foot in front of the
left or right, bend the body slightly
forward, and cross the hand or forearm
down in front with the right or left hand
or forearm at the back
Safety in Dancing
INJURIES
1. Tennis Elbow
- radiating pain usually below the elbow.
- Cause: Too heavy or too lightly strung
racket, excessive strain on the forearm
muscles, and locking the elbow during
the swing
2. Whiplash/Cervical Spine Sprain/Strain
- Partial tearing of neck ligaments
- Cause: forcing the neck into an extreme
position
- Treatment: relax muscles and wear a
neck brace
3. Back pain
- Pain in the lower back and anywhere
along the spine
- Cause: improper posture, wrong
execution in a particular workout,
imbalance on load of weight or pressure
you place on your back, too heavy load
placed on back
4. Hamstring Pull
- A pulled muscle at the back of the thigh
- Cause: inadequate stretching
5. Heel Spur
- Pointed bony outgrowth on the heel
bone
6. Sore Achilles Tendon
- Inflammation of the tendon that
attaches the calf muscles to the heel
- Causes: improper stretching
7. Shin Splint
- Aching pain on the front or lower left of
the leg
8. Sore Knee
- Repeated bending or kneeling
9. Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
- Irritation of the muscles and tendons
that hold the ball-and-socket of the
shoulder joint
 - Cause: overuse of arm in and overhead
position

Ballroom Dancing
 Social dancing for couples, where a person leads
and follows the steps
 Ball derived from the Latin word “Ballare”
meaning “dance”

STANDARD DANCES
- Smooth flowing ballroom dances that move
away around the entire dance floor in a
counterclockwise movement

TYPES OF STANDARD DANCES

1. Foxtrot o Pop
- Elegant dance where objective is to  Swing Dances
travel smoothly around the dance floor o Lindy Hop
2. Tango - most popular swing
- Sensual ballroom dance that originated which originated in
in South America during the early 20th Harlem
century o East Coast Swing
- May be an African term for “closed - usually seen on clubs or
space” or “reserved ground” dance floors and
- May be from the Latin verb “tangere” influenced by Foxtrot
which means “to touch” o West Coast Swing
3. Jive - Slotted dance in which
- Originated in the US and was influence the follower travels
by the boogie, rock’n roll, American back and forth along a
swing, and lindy hop rectangle slot
- A very happy, boppy, energetic dance - Couples usually hold hands as opposed
with plenty of knee-lifting, bending, and to placing hands on the shoulders or
rocking of hips around the waist, as ballroom dancers
4. Waltz do
- Smooth, progressive dance that travels - Social dance started in 1940s but
around the line of dance, characterized disappeared in 1960s & a revival began
by its “rise and fall” action in late 1980s and has spread wisely
- Includes a step-slide-step 2. Cha-cha
- ¾ time signature - Derivative of mambo and a stepchild of
- 20th century swing
- Astro-German folk dance also known as - Danced with a triple step in the footwork
“Lander” and a break and check
o Viennese Waltz – quick version - Dance in Cuban origin
o Waltz – slow-paced version - Danced to the music of the same name
5. Swing introduced by Cuban composer and
- Variety of unique partner dances violinist “Enrique Jorrin”
- Popular dance for a crowded dance floor - Rhythm was developed from the danzo-
- Quick, fast-paced dance mambo
 Swing music - Names is derived from the shuffling
o Jazz sound of the dancer’s feet
o Hip hop - In 1953, Orquestra America released the
o Blues two Jorrins composition
o Rock ‘n roll o La Enganadora
o Ragtime o Silver Star
o R&B
o Funk