MIDTERMS

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

Name:____________________________________________ Date:_______________
Year/ Section:_____________________________________ Score:______________

I. Choose the answer inside the box provided. (2 points each)

Correspondence Bias or Attribution Effect Hindsight

Confirmation Bias Conflict of Interest

Framing Cultural Bias

1. When I buy something from the corner shop and the owner does not serve me
with a smile, I assume it is because he is a miserable old fool.
2. An employee who has a friendship with a supplier and allows that supplier to go
around the bidding process or gives the supplier the bid.
3. One broadcast does a story on the rally, suggesting the KKK rally may attract
protestors, which might result in violence. A police sergeant is interviewed about
how extra security is going to be needed to prevent injuries.
4. An employee accepts free gifts and free products from a training and
development company and then recommends the purchase of these products
without comparing them to comparable products from other vendors.
5. These soldiers who fought in the war are all bloodthirsty murderer.
6. A boy sends a poem into a popular poetry journal and says he thinks he has a
good shot at getting published, even though deep down he doesn't believe it.
When he gets the acceptance letter, he immediately replies that he predicted
it.
7. A student gets a good grade on a test and tells herself that she studied hard or is
good at the material. She gets a bad grade on another test and says the
teacher doesn’t like her or the test was unfair.
8. A member of the company board of directors accepts fees and provides advice
to a company that is in direct competition with the company on whose board of
directors he sits.
9. I do not agree with this Western practice of placing aged parents in retirement
homes. We Filipinos take care of your family members. Athletes win a game and
attribute their win to hard work and practice. When they lose the following week,
they blame the loss on bad calls by the referees.
10. Preliminary evidences have still not pointed out the actual cause of the plane
crash, but investigators are currently focusing on the possibility of pilot error.

“I recommend you avoid cheating. You can cheat to pass the exams, but your
skills will remain underdeveloped. How could you get a good profession in the
future?”
 11. A defendant who is charged with involuntary manslaughter may have had only
a few seconds to prevent an accident that was their fault.
12. That little girl is crazy! I better stay away from her before she steps on me!
13. A film with innovative cinematography that wows audience of its day may be
viewed by future audiences as nothing special because the technique may be
copied by a large number of films with time.
14. A member of the company board of directors accepts fees and provides advice
to a company that is in direct competition with the company on whose board of
directors he sits.
15. How can I accept his view that there is no God? I am a Christian!
16. A job applicant believes he’s been hired because of his achievements,
qualifications, and excellent interview. For a previous opening he didn’t receive
an offer for, he says the interviewer didn’t like him.
17. If Program A is adopted, 200 people will be saved. If Program B is adopted,
there is a 1/3 probability that 600 people will be saved, and 2/3 probability that
no people will be saved.
18. Magellan’s assault on Mactan Island was a foolhardy venture, made by an
overconfident, careless man who underestimated the valor of the native
Filipinos.
19. A male manager dates a female employee who reports to him or vice versa.
20. College educated individuals believing that they are superior to uneducated
individuals.

Hasty Generalization Either or Fallacy Bandwagon Ad Baculum

Non Sequitur False Cause Ad Hominem Ad Misericordiam

False Analogy Circular Reasoning Redherring Appeal to Celebrity

21. Melvin: Boss, why do I have to wear this goofy-looking hardhat?

Boss: It is state law; therefore, company policy. No hat, no job. Ad baculum
22. If I don’t get at least a B in this course my GPA will drop below 2.0. If that
happens I’ll lose my scholarship and have to quit school, so I ought to get a B in
this course. Ad Misericordiam
23. There is a lot of commotion regarding saving the environment. We cannot make
this world an Eden. What will happen if it does become Eden? Adam and Eve
got bored there! Red herring
24. If we put humans on the moon, we should be able to find a cure for the
common cold. False Analogy
25. We need a strong military in order to deter our enemies. If you don't support this
new spending bill to develop better airplanes, our enemies will think we are
weak and, at some point, will attack us - killing millions. Do you want to be
responsible for the deaths of millions, Senator?- Ad Baculum
“I recommend you avoid cheating. You can cheat to pass the exams, but your
skills will remain underdeveloped. How could you get a good profession in the
future?”
 26. Deaths from drug overdoses in Metropolis have doubled over the last three
years. Therefore, more Americans than ever are dying from drug abuse. Hasty
27. Katie Perry thinks the killer should be pardoned. Appeal to Celebrity
28. The last two mass murderers were from Michigan. Obviously, people from
Michigan are dangerous. Hasty Gen.
29. “Chocolate is healthy because it is good for you” Circular
30. How could Mary know anything about cars? She’s a woman! Ad Hominem
31. Since Governor Smith took office, unemployment for minorities in the state has
decreased by seven percent. Governor Smith should be applauded for
reducing unemployment among minorities. False Cause
32. Either learn how to program a computer, or you won’t be able to get a decent
job after college. Either or
33. “Failing to tip a waitress is like stealing money out of somebody's wallet. False
Analogy.
34. Mary loves children, so will make an excellent school teacher. Non Squitur
35. Senator Jones was a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War, so his
proposal to limit military spending has no merit. Ad Hominem
36. Oprah says that she won’t eat beef, therefore you shouldn’t eat beef. Appeal to
Celebrity
37. “He’s not a great athlete; he’s a fraud, a cheat and a liar. That’s why not
everybody is ‘happy for Lance.'” Ad Hominem
38. "My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard,
too. All philosophy classes must be hard!" Hasty
39. It must be cool because everyone is doing it. Ad Populum
40. Senator Jones was a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War, so his
proposal to limit military spending has no merit. Red Herring
41. You ought to vote for Senator Gulch, because if you don’t, I’ll burn your house
down. Ad Baculum
42. Everyone knows that smoking marijuana is physically addictive and
psychologically harmful. Ad Populum
43. “Frat boys are drunkards” Hasty
44. "I know the exam is graded based on performance, but you should give me an
A. My cat has been sick, my car broke down, and I've had a cold, so it was really
hard for me to study!" Ad Mise
45. "Grading this exam on a curve would be the most fair thing to do. After all,
classes go more smoothly when the students and the professor are getting along
well."
46. Students should not be allowed to park in lots now reserved for faculty because
those lots should be for faculty only. Circular
47. Men are human. Mary is human. Therefore, Mary is a man. Non Sequitur
48. You’re either part of the solution or part of the problem. Either or
“I recommend you avoid cheating. You can cheat to pass the exams, but your
skills will remain underdeveloped. How could you get a good profession in the
future?”
 49. A: “All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn’t a murderer, and so can’t be a
criminal.”
B: “Well, you’re a thief and a criminal, so there goes your argument.” Ad
hominem
50. Every day, I eat cereal for breakfast. One time, I had a muffin instead, and there
was a major earthquake in my city. I've eaten cereal ever since. False Cause

II. Answer the following briefly

1. Explain “The means justifies the ends”

2. Explain the concept of reality of Plato
3. Explain knowing and believing of St. Thomas Aquinas.
4. What are the 8 educational theories of Socrates?

Prepared by: Approved by:

JOSHUA N. BUGAOISAN JENNIFER O. ANDRES

Instructor School Director

“I recommend you avoid cheating. You can cheat to pass the exams, but your
skills will remain underdeveloped. How could you get a good profession in the
future?”