Page |1

IGNITE ACADEMY
"Best Institute For GATE & Engineering Recruitment Exam"
𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞
Hints and explanation

Hints and solution

1.(b) Penstock: It is used to carry water from dam to the inlet of turbine.
Guide wheel: It control the flow of water to the turbine runner. it act as a governor
Draft tube: It is used in reaction turbine and located after turbine.

3.(b) The draft tube has two purposes as follows:

i. It converts large portion of velocity head rejected from runner into useful
pressure energy.
ii. It permits a negative head to be established at the runner exit, thus making it
possible to install the turbine above the tail race level without loss of head &
hence maintenance is possible.

5.(b) kaplan/propeller →300-1000m

Francis→60-300m
Pelton→30-60m

6.(c) Thomas cavitation factor =

= Vapour pressure head

ρ
NPSH = it tells that How much positive the pressure head of outlet of turbine compare
to
ρ
If > then cavitation will occur at outlet of turbine
ρ

7.(d) Surge tanks are employed in the care of high medium head hydro-power where the
penstock is very long, and forebays are suited for medium and low head-power plants where the
length of penstock is short

8.(d) kaplan turbine are axial flow turbine in which blades (or vanes) attached to a hub or boss
are so shaped that water flow axially through the runner. moving blades acts like nozzle in which
part of pressure head converts into kinetic energy.
Hence 1st statement is wrong , because blade is not fixed they are movable.

9.(b)For maximum efficiency

IGNITE ACADEMY, AURANGABAD/ PUNE 8888996116 I 8888256117

t.me/IgniteCivil |
 Page |2

u=
∴ ηmax=

10.(c) Type of turbine specific speed

Francis turbine 40-300
Pelton turbine 9-40

11.(d) Kaplan turbine has adjustable blade, which can e automatically adjust according to the
flow to achieve high efficiency over a wide range of flow.

13.(a) ηo=ηhyd ×ηmech

.
Hydraulic efficiency = .
×100=82.4%

√
14.(c) Specific speed of turbine is given by /

√
∴ Ns= /
1/2
∴ Ns∝(n)

16.(b) The function of air-vessel are:

i. It helps to supply the continuous flow of liquid
ii. It helps to reduces the frictional resistance to flow in suction & delivery pipe.
iii. Pump can be run on higher speed.
iv. Length of suction pipe below the air vessel can be increased.

17.(d) Cavitation occur when pressure a point falls below vapour pressure.
This is possible on suction side of a pump and exit side of turbine .The exit side of a
pump has always positive pressure because in pressure energy in pump at outlet.

18.(b) A centrifugal pump can be started with its delivery valve fully closed.

20.(c) Since suction head is 12 m i.e. more than atmospheric pressure, only jet pump can be used
to lift water under such situation.

× . ×
21.(a) B.P = = =29.4 kW
.

24.(c)Air vessel are used in reciprocating pumps in order to minimize the delivery head
fluctuation i.e. provided liquid with constant flow rate

25.(c) Impeller of double entry type has a balanced axial thrust not radial thrust.

IGNITE ACADEMY, AURANGABAD/ PUNE 8888996116 I 8888256117

t.me/IgniteCivil |
 Page |3

26.(a) Efficiency of coupling

= = =
∴Torque is constant in hydraulic coupling
Because efficiency will be always less than 1,
Thus , <1

28.(a) In hydraulic coupling , input and output torque are equal but speeds output shaft is less
than input shaft.

( )
32.(b) η=
So, at u=
ηmax= 50%

33.(d) normal thrust force (F)

F= ρgav2
=1000×9.81× × 20
=1768N

41.(c) The volumetric efficiency of an air compressor is the ratio of actual free air delivered to
the displacement volume, and is prescribed by the

48.(d) if the pump are connected parallel Q=Q1 +Q2 and if the pumps are connected in
Series H=H1+H2

IGNITE ACADEMY, AURANGABAD/ PUNE 8888996116 I 8888256117

t.me/IgniteCivil |