Philosophers Beliefs Rene Descartes
Socrates
- Every man composed of body and
soul = dualistic.
- Wherein the body are imperpect and
impermanent.
- The soul are perfect and permanent.
- An examined life is not worth living.
- To live but die inside.
- Know Oneself.
Plato
- There are three components of
soul.
- Rational - forged by reason and
intellect has to govern the affairs of
the human person.
- Spirited - charge of the emotion
should be kept at bay.
- Appetitive - base desires.
- = justice & virtues
Augustine
- Reflects the entire spirit of the
medieval world.
- Man is bifurcated nature.
- Aspect of man dwells in the world.
- Body – imperfect, lives in the world,
yearns to be w/ the DIVINE.
- Soul – capable of reaching
IMMORTALITY.
- No absolute truth.
Thomas Aquinas
- Man = 2 parts: Matter & Form
- Matter (Hyle) – common stuff that
makes up everything (body).
- Form (Morphe) - essence of a
substance or thing (soul).
- ‘the soul is what animates the body’
- Father of Modern Philosophy
- The meditations of first philosophy,
“there is so much that we should
doubt.
- Self = combination of 2 distinct
entities
- Cogito or Mind – The think that
thinks, which is mind.
- Extenza or Extension – Which is
the body, body is just a machine that
is attached to mind.
David Hume
- Empericist – can know only what
comes from the senses and
experiences.
- Self is nothing else but a bundle of
impressions. (referring to our
senses)
- Impression – Basic object of our
experience and sensation.
- Ideas – copies of Impressions.
- Self - A bundle of collection of
different perception.
Emmanuel Kant
- To him there is necessarily a mind
that organizes the different
impression that men can get from the
external world (time & space =
apparatuses).
- Self is the seat of knowledge
acquisitions for the all human
person.
- Synthesizes all knowledge and
experience.
Gilbert Ryle
- Behavior – a person manifest in his
daily day-to-day life
 - Convenient name that people use to Conflict theory – Competition for scarce
refer to all behaviors that people resources, how the elite control the poor and
make. weak.

Merleu-Ponty Anthropology

- Dismisses the Cartesian Dualism Margarett Mead – Gender identity, biological

- Mind and body are intertwined that factors adolescence.
cannot be separated from one
Ruth Benedict – Human differences / Cultural
another.
Relativism.
External World and External Reality
Indui – Engage actively in slapping self.
(Sociologist)
Self-Development – Life-long Process.
Self – Identity and chaos. (Characteristic)
William James – “Me” Self as object, Thinking,
Social Constructionism – Refers building the
Acting and Doing, and “I” Self as Subject, The
self by being affect to your sorroundings.
Physical Appearance.
Marcel Mauss – Noi (Human body), Personne
Carl Rogers – Identity, Self-Concept, Not-
(What is what)
Fixed, Onetime Frame.
Charles Cooley – Looking-Glass Self –
Self Schema – Collection of knowledge about
Person’s Self growth out of society’s
who you are, mental contructive.
interpersonal, interaction and the perceptions
of the other. Sigmund Freud – “ID” Biological Christ, “Ego”
Social Norms, and “Superego” Emotion.
George Herbert Mead – “I” Refers to response
to “ me”, while “ “me” Refers to socialize. Self-Awareness – Concious knowledge of
Generalized other. one's own character, feelings, motives, and
desires.
1. Preparaoty Stage
2. Play Stage Self-Esteem – Feel liked and accepted. are
3. Game Stage proud of what they do. believe in themselves.
Erving Goffman – Presentation of the self or Self-Admiration – Pride, Feeling wonder
(Dramaterical Analyze). pleasure and approval.
Scocilaization – Create personality. Narcissism – Excessive interest in or
admiration of oneself and one's physical
The Three Mahore Perspective in Sociology
appearance.
Symbolic Interactionism – Face to face
Three Types of Self
Interactions, use of symbles.
Ideal Self – Refers to what you want in
Structural Functionalism – Relationship
becoming.
between the part of the society, How aspects of
society are functional (Adaptive) Actual Self – Refers what youare in presents.
Ought Self – Refers to your responsibility
depending on your role.