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1 Starch is broken down into reducing sugars in the alimentary canal. The digested products are
absorbed into the blood.

Some students investigated the action of enzymes on the digestion of starch.

Describe how you would carry out a test for starch.

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[Total: 2]

2 Describe how you would safely carry out a test for reducing sugars.

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[Total: 3]

3 A student set up a test-tube containing starch, water and amylase.

How could the student test whether the amylase had digested all the starch?

A Add Biuret solution.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid.

C Add iodine solution.

D Weigh the test-tubes and contents before and after the experiment.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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4 Aphids are insects that feed on the phloem sap in plants.

The diagram below shows aphid with its mouth parts inserted into the stem of a plant.

The diagram shows some of the features of xylem.

Describe how xylem is adapted for its functions.

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[Total: 6]

5 The diagram below shows a human sperm cell.

The actual length of the sperm cell in the diagram is 0.055 mm.

Convert this value to micrometres (µm).

Space for working.

........................... µm [1]

[Total: 1]

6 Which substance contains nitrogen?

A fat

B glucose

C protein

D starch

[1]

[Total: 1]
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7 The diagram below shows some cells from the lining of the trachea.

mucus
cilia

cell membrane

nucleus

goblet cell

Describe the functions of the nucleus and cell membrane.

nucleus ...................................................................................................................................

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cell membrane ........................................................................................................................

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[Total: 4]

8 State why xylem is a tissue.

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[Total: 2]
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9 What would increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen into an animal cell?

A decreasing the concentration gradient between the inside of the cell and the outside

B decreasing the temperature of the cell and its surroundings

C increasing the distance that the oxygen molecules have to travel

D increasing the surface area of the cell membrane

[1]

[Total: 1]

10 Below is a photomicrograph of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera.

Write the formula that would be used to calculate the actual length of the bacterium (not including
the flagellum) in the diagram.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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11 Some plants can be grown in water using the technique of hydroponics. The roots are in water and
supplied with the ions that they need at the concentrations that support maximum growth. Some
ions can be absorbed both by diffusion and by active transport.

State two features of diffusion that do not apply to active transport.

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[Total: 2]

12 Some people in accidents lose a lot of blood. Doctors give patients fluid to replace lost blood.

Use the information in the diagram below to predict and explain the concentration of fluid replacement
given to patients who have lost blood.

salt concentration / mol dm–3 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

prediction .................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

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[Total: 2]
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13 Pea plants grow well in soils that are deficient in nitrogen.

Explain how root hair cells of pea plants absorb nitrate ions from soils with low nitrate concentrations.

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[Total: 2]

14 A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.

What happens and why?

A The cell bursts as sugar molecules diffuse into it.

B The cell bursts because the concentrated sugar solution enters it.

C The cell shrinks because sugar molecules leave it.

D The cell shrinks because water leaves it.

[1]

[Total: 1]

15 A potato is cut into four pieces. The four pieces are weighed and then each one is placed in a
different sugar solution.

After four hours, the pieces are taken out of the solutions, dried and re-weighed. The masses of
the pieces at the start and after four hours are shown in the table below.

Which solution is the most dilute?

mass at start (g) mass after four hours (g)

A 24 22
B 25 34
C 28 23
D 32 35

[1]

[Total: 1]