Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.

4444 3- 1

Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3.
ATS SYSTEM CAPACITY AND KAPASITAS SISTEM ATS DAN AIR TRAFFIC
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT FLOW MANAGEMENT

3.1 CAPACITY MANAGEMENT 3.1 K APA SI TA S MA NAG EM EN

3.1.1 General 3.1 .1 ge ne r al
3.1.1.1 The capacity of an ATS system depends 3.1.1.1 kapasitas dari sebuah
on many factors, including the ATS route system ATS te rg antung pada
structure, the navigation accuracy of the beb era pa fa ct or , t er ma s uk s t ru k tur
aircraft using the airspace, weather-related A TS r ou t e, ac cu r as i n a vi ga s i d ar i
factors, and controller workload. Every effort pesawat terbang m en g gun a kan
should be made to provide sufficient capacity ai r spa ce, factor y an g b er hubu n gan
to cater to both normal and peak traffic levels; den gan cu a ca d an b eb an k e rja
however, in implementing any measures to con tr ol l ed . Setiap u p a ya
increase capacity, the responsible ATS se har us n ya dibua t untuk
authority shall ensure, in accordance with the men ya di a kan ka pas i ta s yan g cu kup
procedures specified in Chapter 2, that safety unt uk men an gka p k ed uan ya, l e mah
levels are not jeopardized. dan morm al ti n gk a tan tra ffic,
bag ai ma nap un dalam
penyimplementasinya b eb er apa
ukuran untuk me ni n gk a tkan
kapasitas, ta n ggu ng jawap
kek uas aa n A T S ak an di pa s ti kan ,
men unju k d en ga n pr os ed ur yan g
terkandung dalam chapter 2,bahwa
ti n gka t k ea ma na n.

3.1.1.2 The number of aircraft provided with an 3.1.1.2 normal dari p es aw a t

ATC service shall not exceed that which can be terb a n g di s edi ak an d en gan A TS
safely handled by the ATC unit concerned ser vi ce ti d ak aka n m el ebi h i b ah wa
under the prevailing circumstances. In order to dapa t ditangani d en ga n a man
define the maximum number of flights which olehATS unit ur usan dibawah
can be safely accommodated, the appropriate kea daa n. S upa ya m en ega s kan
ATS authority should assess and declare the no mor maks i mu m da r i p en er ba n gan
ATC capacity for control areas, for control di ma n a dapa t di ak o mo d as i kan
sectors within a control area and for se car a a man. Keco cok an k ek uas aan
aerodromes. ATS harus m enak si r dan
men ya tak an k apa si tas A T C un tuk
con tr ol ar ea dan u n tu k a er od r o m e.
3.1.1.3 ATC capacity should be expressed as 3. 1. 1. 3 Ka p as i ta s A T C s e har u s n ya
the maximum number of aircraft which can be ditunjukkan s eb a ga i nomor
accepted over a given period of time within the ma xi mu m ya n g dap a t d i te ri ma l ebi h
airspace or at the aerodrome concerned. di ber i ka n p er io d e wa k tu da l a m
airspa ce a ta u dalam urusan

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Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.4444
Note.— The most appropriate measure of
capacity is likely to be the sustainable hourly
traffic flow. Such hourly capacities can, for
example, be converted into daily, monthly or
annual values.
3.1.2 Capacity assessment
In assessing capacity values, factors to be taken
into account should include, inter alia:
a) the level and type of ATS provided;
b) the structural complexity of the control
area, the control sector or the
aerodrome concerned;
c) controller workload, including control
and coordination tasks to be
performed;
d) the types of communications,
navigation and surveillance systems in
use, their degree of technical reliability
and availability as well as the
availability of backup systems and/or
procedures;
e) availability of ATC systems providing
controller support and alert functions;
and
f) any other factor or element deemed
relevant to controller workload
3.1.3 Regulation of ATC capacity and traffic
volumes
3.1.3.1 Where traffic demand varies
significantly on a daily or periodic basis,
facilities and procedures should be
implemented to vary the number of
operational sectors or working positions to
meet the prevailing and anticipated demand.
3- 2
aer odr o m e.
Catatan : U kura n ya n g pa lin g co cok
dar i k ema mp ua n a dal ah mun gki n
di top an g d en gan ar us l a l ul i ntas
per ja m. S ep er ti da p at k ema mp uan
perjam,untuk contoh diubah
men j adi ti ap ha ri , ti ap b u l an a tau
hi tun ga n tah un
3.1.2 Penilaian kapasitas
Di dalam menaksir nilai-nilai kapasitas
faktor-faktor yang perlu diperhitungkan
meliputi inter alia :
a. Tingkatan dan jenis ATS yang tersedia
b. Kompleksitas struktural bidangpengawasan,
sektor kendali atau bidang terkait.
c. Beban kerja controller, termasuk dan tugas
koordinasi untuk dilakukan.
d. Jenis komunikasi, navigasi dan penggunaan
sistem survailance meningkatkan
ketersediaan dan kemampuan teknis
seperti halnya ketersediaan memback up
sistem dan atau prosedur.
e. Ketersediaan ATC sistemyang menyediakan
pendukungcontroller dan fungsi siaga
f. Unsur atau faktor lain yang dianggap
relevan ke beban kerja controller.
3.1.3 peraturan atc kapasitas dan lalu lintas
3.1.3.1 di mana permintaan lalu lintas
bervariasi dengan mantap pada suatu sehari-
hari, prosedur dan fasilitas harus diterapkan
untuk bertukar-tukar banyaknya posisi-kerja
atau sektor operasional untuk umum dan
mengantisipasi permintaan. prosedur bisa
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Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.4444
Applicable procedures should be contained in
local instructions.
3.1.3.2 In case of particular events which have
a negative impact on the declared capacity of
an airspace or aerodrome, the capacity of the
airspace or aerodrome concerned shall be
reduced accordingly for the required time
period. Whenever
possible, the capacity pertaining to such events
should be predetermined.
3.1.3.3 To ensure that safety is not
compromised whenever the traffic demand in
an airspace or at an aerodrome is forecast to
exceed the available ATC capacity, measures
shall be implemented to regulate traffic
volumes accordingly.
3.1.4 Enhancement of ATC capacity
3.1.4.1 The appropriate ATS authority should:
a) periodically review ATS capacities in relation
to traffic demand; and
b) provide for flexible use of airspace in order
to improve the efficiency of operations and
increase capacity.
3.1.4.2 In the event that traffic demand
regularly exceeds ATC capacity, resulting in
continuing and frequent traffic delays, or it
becomes apparent that forecast traffic demand
will exceed capacity values, the appropriate
ATS authority should, as far as practicable:
a) implement steps aimed at maximizing the
use of the existing system capacity; and
b) develop plans to increase capacity to meet
the actual or forecast demand.
3.1.5 Flexible use of airspace
3.1.5.1 The appropriate authorities should,
through the establishment of agreements and
procedures, make provision
for the flexible use of all airspace in order to
increase airspace capacity and to improve the
3- 3
diterapkan harus terdapat di lokal intructions.
3.1.3.2 dalam hal peristiwa tertentu
mempunyai suatu hal yang berdampak
negative pada kapasitas yang menyangkut
airspace atau lapangan terbang yang terkait
akan jadi berkurangi maka untuk periode
waktu yang diperlukan. kapan saja mungkin
kapasitas yang menyinggung
3.1.3.3 memastikan bahwa keselamatan
janganlah disepakati kapan saja lalu lintas
menuntut di suatu airspace atau pada suatu
lapangan terbang adalah perkiraan untuk
melebihi tersedia kapasitas ATC, ukuran akan
diterapkan untuk mengatur lalu lintas volume.
seperti peristiwa yang ditentukan.
3.1.4 peningkatan atc kapasitas
3.1.4 yang sesuai pada auothoras :
a) pada waktu tertentu meninjau ulang pada
kapasitas dalam hubungan dengan lalu lintas
demand;and
b) menyediakan penggunaan airspace fleksibel
dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi operasi
dan kapasitas peningkatan
3.1.4.2 peristiwa bahwa lalu lintas permintaan
secara teratur melebihi kapasitas ATC,
menghasilkan berkelanjutan dan lalu lintas
penundaan sering, atau menjadi nyata yang
diperkirakan lalu lintas permintaan akan
melebihi nilai-nilai kapasitas, yang sesuai pada
otoritas, sejauh ini dapat dipraktekkan:
a) menerapkan langkah-langkah yang yang
diarahkan pada memaksimalkan penggunaan
kapasitas sistem
b) penambahan rencana untuk meningkatkan
kapasitas untuk memenuhi permintaan yang
telah diperkirakan.
3.1.5 Kegunaan yang fleksibel dari airspace
3.1.5.1 Kekuasaan yang layak harus lewat
pernyataan dari persetujuan dan
prosedur,membuat penetapan undang-undang
untuk kegunaan yang fleksibel dari semua
airspace digunakan untuk mengurangi
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Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.4444
efficiency and flexibility of aircraft operations.
When applicable, such agreements and
procedures should be established on the basis
of a regional air
navigation agreement.
3.1.5.2 Agreements and procedures providing
for a flexible use of airspace should specify,
inter alia:
a) the horizontal and vertical limits of the
airspace concerned;
b) the classification of any airspace made
available for use by civil air traffic;
c) units or authorities responsible for transfer
of the airspace;
d) conditions for transfer of the airspace to the
ATC unit concerned;
e) conditions for transfer of the airspace from
the ATC unit concerned;
f) periods of availability of the airspace;
g) any limitations on the use of the airspace
concerned; and
h) any other relevant procedures or
information.
3.2 AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1 An air traffic flow management (ATFM)
service shall be implemented for airspace
where traffic demand at times exceeds the
defined ATC capacity.
3.2.1.2 ATFM should be implemented on the
basis of a regional air navigation agreement or,
when appropriate, as a multilateral agreement.
3.2.1.3 The ATFM service within a region or
other defined area, should be developed and
implemented as a centralized ATFM
organization, supported by flow management
positions established at each area control
centre (ACC) within the region or area of
applicability.
3.2.1.4 Certain flights may be exempt from
ATFM measures, or be given priority over other
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kapasitas airspace dan untuk mengimprove
efesiensi dan fleksibelitas dari operasi
pesawat.ketika digunakan,seperti persetujuan
dan prosedur disarankan digunakan dalam
basis dari persetujuan regional navigasi udara.
3.1.5.2 Persetujuan dan prosedur yang
disediakan untuk kegunaan yang fleksibel dari
airspace harusspesifik, ;
a)Batasan horizontal dan vertical dari airspace
diperhatikan
b)Klasifikasi dari beberapa airspace disediakan
untuk digunukan air traffic sipil
c)Unit atau kekuasaan yang bertanggung jawab
untuk transfer dari airspace
d)Kondisi untuk transfer dari airspace untuk
ATC unit diperhatikan.
e)Kondisi untuk transfer airspace untuk ATC
unit diperhatikan
f)Periode dari ketersediaan dari airspace
g)Beberapa batasan yang digunakan airspace
diperhatikan
h)Beberapa prosedur relevan atau informasi
yang lain.
3.2 PROSEDUR FLOW MANAGEMENT
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1 Suatu layanan manajemen lalu lintas
udara harus diterapkan untuk ruang udara jika
lalu lintas menuntut melebihikapasitas ATC
yang digambarkan
3.2.1.2 ATFM diterapkan atas dasar suatu
persetujuan penerbangan regional atau ketika
sesuai sebagai persetujuan multilatelar
3.2.1.3 Layanan ATFM di dalam suatu daerah
atau lain area yang digambarkan,
dikembangkan dan diterapkan seperti
dipusatkan pada organisasi ATFM , yang
didukung oleh posisi manajemen pada puasat
kendali area control centre (ACC) di dalam
daerah.
3.2.1.4 Penerbangan tertentu mungkin
mengecualikan ukuran ATFM, atau diberi
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Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.4444
flights.
3.2.1.5 Detailed procedures governing the
provision of the ATFM measures, and service
within a region or area should be prescribed in
a regional ATFM manual or handbook.
3.2.2 Flow management procedures
ATFM should be carried out in three phases:
a) strategic planning, if the action is
carried out more than one day before
the day on which it will take effect.
Strategic planning is normally carried
out well in advance, typically two to six
months ahead;
b) pre-tactical planning, if the action is to
be taken on the day before the day on
which it will take effect;
c) tactical operations, if the action is
taken on the day on which it will take
effect.
3.2.3 Strategic planning
3.2.3.1 Strategic planning should be carried out
in conjunction with ATC and the aircraft
operators. It should consist of examining the
demand for the forthcoming season, assessing
where and when demand is likely to exceed the
available ATC capacity and taking steps to
resolve the imbalance by:
a) arranging with the ATC authority to provide
adequate capacity at the required place and
time;
b) re-routing certain traffic flows (traffic
orientation);
c) scheduling or rescheduling flights as
appropriate; and
d) identifying the need for tactical ATFM
measures.
3.2.3.2 Where a traffic orientation scheme
(TOS) is to be introduced, the routes should, as
far as practicable, minimize the time and
3- 5
prioritas diatas penerbangan lain.
3.2.1.5 Prosedur terperinci yang mengatur
ketetapanukuran ATFM, dan layanan di suatu
daerah harus ditentukan suatu pedoman ATFM
manual atau handbook.
3.2.2 STRATEGI PERENCANAAN
AFTM disarankan pembawa keluar dalam 3
fase:
a) Strategi rencana, karna aksi pembawa
keluar lebih dari 1 hari sebelum hari
dalam akan membawa
effect.perencanaan strategi normalnya
pembawa keluar baik untuk
kemajuan,typicalnya 2 sampai 6 bulan
kedepan.
b) Practik rencana karna aksi diambil
dalam hari sebelum hari mengembil
effect.
c) Pelaksanaan tactik karna diambil dari
hari yang manan akan memberikan
effect.
3.2.3 Strategi perencanaan
3.2.3.1 Strategi perencanaan disarankan
pembawa hubungan ATC dan pelaksanaan
pesawat. Disaran consisten dalam menguji
permintaan untuk kedatangan bagian
selanjutnya. Dimana memiliki dan kenapa
permintaan seoerti melampaui persediaan
kapasitas ATC dan memberikan bagian-bagian
untuk memutuskan keseimbangan oleh:
a. Mengatur kekuasaan ATC untuk
menyediakan mencukupi kapasitas
yang membutuhkan tempat dan waktu.
b. Beberapa ruote kembali harus traffic
(traffic operation)
c. Jadwal pulang pergi Harus layak
terbang dan
d. Mengenai kebutuhan traffic oleh AFTM
3.2.3.2 dimana perencanaan Traffic Oriental
(TOS)akan diperkenalkan, ruote-ruote s
eharusnya sama jauh sama praktisnya
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distance penalties for the flights concerned,
and allow some degree of flexibility in the
choice of routes, particularly for long-range
flights.
3.2.3.3 When a TOS has been agreed, details
should be published by all States concerned in
a common format.
3.2.4 Pre-tactical planning
Pre-tactical planning should entail fine-tuning
of the strategic plan in the light of updated
demand data. During this phase:
a) certain traffic flows may be re-routed;
b) off-load routes may be coordinated;
c) tactical measures will be decided upon; and
d) details for the ATFM plan for the following
day should be published and made available to
all concerned.
3.2.5 Tactical operations
3.2.5.1 Tactical ATFM operations should consist
of:
a) executing the agreed tactical measures in
order to provide a reduced and even flow of
traffic where demand would otherwise have
exceeded capacity;
b) monitoring the evolution of the air traffic
situation to ensure that the ATFM measures
applied are having the desired effect and to
take or initiate remedial action when long
delays are reported, including re-routing of
traffic and flight level allocation, in order to
utilize the available ATC capacity to the
maximum extent.
3.2.5.2 When the traffic demand exceeds, or is
foreseen to exceed, the capacity of a particular
3- 6
meminimalis waktu dan jarak mengenai
hukuman untuk penerbangan-penerbangan
dan memperbolehkan suatu tingkat flexsibel
dalam pilihan ruote fakta untuk daerah
penerbangan jauh
3.2.2.3 dimana TOS sudah disetujui seharusnya
detail-detail di publikasikan oleh semua negara
mengenai keadaan yang biasa format.
3.2.4 Pre-tactical planning.
Pre-tactical planning harus memerlukan
tuning yang baik dari rencana yang strategis
mengingat permintaan data terbaru.selama
menggunakan tahap
A)Aliran trffic re-routed
b)Off load rute mungkin koordinasi
c)ukuran tactical akan menentukan
d)Detail untuk rencana ATFM untuk mengikuti
hari disarankan disediakan semua perhatian.
3.2 .5 Pe rg erak an T akti s
Per ger a k an t akti s A T FM t er di r i d ar i
:
a) melaksanakan ukuran
per s etu jua n ta k ti s aga r ters edi a
pengurangan dan bahkan flow of
tra ffi c dima na p ermin taan a ka n
ji ka ti da k m el a mp aui m uat an.
b ) Pen ga ma tan p er ub a ha n dari
situasi air tr affic untuk
menj a mi n ba hwa uk ur a n A TF M
di per gu nak an m emp u n ya i
pen gar u h dan men ga mb i l ata u
ti ndak a n ca lo n a n gg ota r em edi a l
keti k a p enud aan pan j an g t el a h
di l ap ork a n, t er ma s uk
pen gulan gan route da ri tra ffi c
dan al ok as i fl i gh t l ev el , ag ar
me man fa a tkan te rs edi a n ya
mu a ta n A T C k e p a er pa nja n ga n
ma xi mu m.
3.2.5.2 Ketika permintaan traffic
ber l ebi h a ta u d i ra mal k an m el ebi h i
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Bilingual Air Traffic Management, Doc.4444 3- 7

sector or aerodrome,the responsible ATC unit kema mp uan da ri s ek t or k et el i ti an

shall advise the responsible ATFM unit, where atau a er odr o me, tan ggu n g jawab
such a unit is established, and other ATC units A TC uni t ak a n mena s eha ti tan ggun g
concerned. Flight crews of aircraft planned to jaw ab A T FM u ni t, di ma n a s eb a ga i
fly in the affected area and operators should be uni t ya n g di di r i ka n da n p er ha ti an
advised, as soon as practicable, of the delays A TC u ni t l ai nn ya kr u p en er ba n gan
expected or the restrictions which will be dar i p esa w a t u da ra di r en can a kan
applied. unt uk t er b an g d al a m a ff ect ed ar ea
dan o p er a tor s eha r u sn ya di b er i t ahu
seseg era mu n gki n p en un d a an
di har ap k an a ta u p em bat as an yan g
akan dipergunakan.
Note.— Operators known or believed to be Cat atan : o p er a tor -o p er a tor
concerned will normally be advised by the di ke ta h ui a ta u di p er ca ya un tuk
regional air traffic flow management service, dikenai akan secar a nor ma l
when established. di ma kl u mi ol eh ATFM service
da er ah k eti ka di dr i kan .

3.2.6 Liaison 3.2 .6 H ubu ngan

During all phases of ATFM the responsible units
should liaise closely with ATC and the aircraft
operators in order to ensure an effective and
equitable service.
Note.— Attention is drawn to the guidance
material contained in the Air Traffic Services
Planning Manual (Doc 9426) regarding flow
control as well as to procedures contained in
the Regional Supplementary Procedures (Doc
7030) and regional ATFM Handbooks.
_____________________
sel a ma s emua fa c e d ar i A T F M u ni t
penanggung jawab harus
di hubu n gk an seca ra t er tu tup
den gan ATC dari opra tor -op era tor
ai r cr af t a gar me nja mi n k eef ek ti fan
dan p el a yan an yan g adi l .
Cat at an : p er h ati a n ada l a h mel i h a t
kep emi mpi n an ma teri a l t er kan dun g
dal a m A T S pl an ni n g ma nual ( d oc
942 6 ) t er ma s uk a ru s kon tr ol s ebai k
pr os e dur ya n g te rk an dun g d al a m
re gi o na l s up pl em enta r y pr o ced ur es
(do c 70 30 ) dan r egi o nal ATF M b uku
pega n ga n.

D.IV PLLU 12 - 2009