1a) Three pulse three phase uncontrolled rectifier:

i. The maximum load voltage:

𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √2 × 𝑉𝑠 = √2 × 220 = 311𝑉

ii. The average load voltage

𝑉𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.827 × 𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒, 𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑚𝑎𝑥 311
𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = = = 179.6
√3 √3

𝑉𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.827 × 179.6 = 148.5

iii. The average load current

148.5
𝐼𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 20 = 7.42𝐴
iv. The PIV rating of the diodes

𝑃𝐼𝑉 ≥ 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 311𝑉

v. The average diode current
𝐼𝑜,𝑎𝑣𝑔 7.42
𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 2.5𝐴
3 3

b) 3 phase 6-pulse uncontrolled rectifier. Given: VS = 415V, f = 50Hz,

R=60Ω

i. Given: Vs=415V; R=60 ohm

Average load voltage, Vo(avg)

𝑉𝐿(𝑚) = √2𝑉𝑠 = √2(415) = 586.9𝑉

𝑉𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 0.955 × 𝑉𝐿(𝑚) = 0.955 × 586.9 = 560.5𝑉

Average load current, Io(avg)

𝑉𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) 560.5
𝐼𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 𝑅
= 60
= 9.34𝐴

ii. PIV rating of the diode

PIV≥Vline,max =586.9V

iii. Average diode current, ID

𝐼𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) 9.34
𝐼𝐷(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 3 = 3 = 3.11𝐴
iv. Maximum load current, Io(rms)
𝑉𝐿(𝑚) 586.9
𝐼𝐷(𝑚) = 𝐼𝑚 = 𝑅
= 60
= 9.78𝐴
 v. Power to the load, PL
2
𝑃𝐿 = 𝐼𝑜(𝑟𝑚𝑠) 𝑅 = 9.342 (60) = 5.23𝑘𝑊

2a) The half bridge inverter circuit with resistive load R=100Ω.

i. The maximum forward voltage applicable to the switch in the

circuit:

𝑉𝑆𝑊 = 2 × 𝐸
= 2 × 120 = 240𝑉

ii. The average load voltage:

𝑉𝑆𝑊 = 2 × 𝐸
= 2 × 120 = 240𝑉

iii. The average load current:

𝑉𝑂𝐴𝑉𝐺 = 2𝐸𝑑
= 2 × 120 × 0.5 = 120𝑉
𝑉𝑜,𝑎𝑣𝑔 120
𝐼𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑅
= 10
= 12𝐴

iv. The RMS value of the output voltage:

𝑉𝑂,𝑅𝑀𝑆 = √2𝑑 × 𝐸
=√2 × 0.5 × 120 = 84.85𝑉

v. The average power delivered to the load:

𝑉𝑂,𝑅𝑀𝑆 2
𝑃𝐿 =
𝑅
1202
= 10 = 1.440𝑘𝑊

b) The single phase full bridge VSI, Vs = 300V, R = 20Ω, d = 50%.

i. The maximum forward voltage applicable to the switch:

Vf,max =2 x 300V= 600V

ii.The average load current:

 𝑉𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 2𝐸𝑑 = 2(300)(0.5) = 300𝑉

𝑉𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) 300
𝐼𝑜(𝑎𝑣𝑔) = 𝑅
= 20
= 15𝐴

iii.The average switch current:

Id,avg = Io,avg/2 = 15/2 = 7.5A

3a)
b)

c)
iv. The Phase voltage

𝐸 240
𝑉𝐴𝑁 = 2
= 2
= 120𝑉

𝐸 240
𝑉𝐵𝑁 = = = 120𝑉
2 2

𝑉𝐶𝑁 = 0𝑉

v. The line voltage

𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴𝑁 − 𝑉𝐵𝑁 = 120 − 120 = 0𝑉

𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵𝑁 − 𝑉𝐶𝑁 = 120 − 0 = 120𝑉

𝑉𝐶𝐴 = 𝑉𝐶𝑁 − 𝑉𝐴𝑁 = 0 − 120 = −120𝑉

vi.The power delivered to the load in each phase

𝑉𝐴𝑁 2 𝑉𝐵𝑁 2
𝑃𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = +
𝑅 𝑅

1202 1202
= +
20 20

= 720 + 720 = 1440 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

4a) The buck chopper with f = 2kHz, Vs = 110V, R = 20Ω and L = 60mH

i. The ON time:
𝑉 60
𝑑 = 𝑉𝑖0 = 110=0.545 @ 54.5%
1 1
𝑇= = = 0.5𝑚𝑠
𝑓 2𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑇𝑜𝑛 = 𝑇(𝑑) = (0.5𝑚𝑠)(0.545) = 0.273𝑚𝑠

ii. The RMS value of the load current:

𝑉𝑜(𝑟𝑚𝑠) = 𝑉𝑖√𝑑 = 110 × √0.545 = 81.2𝑉

iii. The average value of the load current:

𝑉0 60
𝐼𝑜 = = = 3𝐴
𝑅 20

vi. The maximum and the minimum inductor currents

𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑜
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + (𝑇 )
𝑅 2𝐿 𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑜
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑜 + (𝑇 )
2𝐿 𝑜𝑓𝑓
60
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 =3+ (0.273𝑚)
2(60𝑚)
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 + 0.137
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.137𝐴

𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑜
𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 = − (𝑇 )
𝑅 2𝐿 𝑜𝑓𝑓
𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3 − 0.137
𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2.863𝐴

b) Given: Vi =100V, f =1kHz, R=500Ω, IO=10A

i.The Power delivered to the load resistor

PO = IO2R

= 102(500) = 50kW
ii.The Duty cycle

1
𝑉𝑂 = 𝑉𝑖 ( )
1−𝑑

The average output voltage

 𝑉𝑂 2
𝑃𝑂 = 𝑅

∴ 𝑉𝑂 = √𝑃𝑂 × 𝑅 = √50𝑘 × 5

= 500𝑉

Therefore

𝑉𝑖 100
1−𝑑 = =
𝑉𝑂 500

1 − 𝑑 = 0.2

d=0.8

iii. The average value of current source

From the input power

𝑃𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 × 𝐼𝑖
𝑃
𝐼𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖
𝑖

By neglecting the losses: Pi = PO = 50kW

𝑃 50𝑘
Therefore: 𝐼𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 = = 500𝐴
𝑖 100

iv.The average value of switch current

ID = IO = 100A
Ii = ISW + ID
ISW = Ii – ID
= 500A -100A = 400A
5a)
b)
c) Given for a buck-boost chopper: R=12Ω, L=50μH, Vi=12V, d= 0.6

i. Output voltage

ii. Average inductor current

iii. The maximum inductor current

iv. The minimum inductor current