0. On
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: oi
Example: hon
Difsrentite the folowing functions (by sutable substiutions) wx
a
to swt (2)
0 ce (SS )
Soliton: ote
ik
wt 1. ( we ms
tan — ea ser (6in (20) = 20
2 an, iforentiing wrt. x. we ost
te
then
B88 Tat
3-8-2 Jian "x, dforentiting wt x. We got
Yo 1 4 1
H 94 1
me O8 ae
y= 00
x= tmnole.0=tar'x,
vate
y= oor (
= 005" (00s 28) = cos~(cos (x -28))
= r= 26= m2 x, lforeniaing Wel, x. We get
a
Be oat,
y= ta(FiF ox)
v= one. 0= coh"
9 = a8)
= tar (conn ct)
Sa) 120 | Engineering Mathematics for GATE MADE EASY MADE EAST ere Re
25.2 ImplicitDifferentiation Brample:2
ify be a funcon of x defined by an equation such as 11394 y= a, fing
y= TA-58 + IEF Ee-3 0 Solution a
vis ssid tobe detined explety in toms of x and we witey = 9) whore Sion 204 28 2 gat o
eee tener eee iereniisting both sides of) wx, regsrng yas a function of x we got
However, xandy ave connected by an equation of tho form Zyl oo
Wij) Ox + TP 82 +9 = 0 ®
{e-th y) 0, thon y cannot be expressed expletin terme of Bu, tithe vaue of y depends = &
‘Upon that of and thete may exist one or more functions connecting y wh x s0 as to say ‘oe
‘eauaton (it) or there may not eit any ofthe functions sash enuaton Gi. a
Forexampl,ceraldethe equations = ao
wry = 0 w
and ryte25 = 0 o Examples
In equation i), y maybe expressed explcity terms of x butyis not afunction ofx. Here wa have
two functions of x (or two functions of yy wore considered tobe independent variable) and fy
Aetna by (0) = BE=R® and 00 = VRB wie ststy equation
im aquaton (nthe are no real values fx hat can att
treases (i) if and), we say that yis an imp fancbon ox (or xs an impli function oy and
inal euch cases, wo tind the decal fy wit regard tox or the deat oth regara toy)
bythe process caled plication dfereniaton. Of courte, wherever we aferenate ply an
‘equation that doin one variable as an impli function of another variabe, we shal assure tat
thetunetnis diferente
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example:1
Find B wnen xf ny + y? = 100
Soliton:
Gwen, Ray ty = 10
‘Keeping in mind that ys a function of x ifeentating both sides wit x, we get
aeons} «0
= txsang
= we
ak * ~xr2y
Net econy= ina
Solution:
Gen, sinty + cos xy = #
Diforeniatng both sides of () wrt x regarding y as. as functional, we get
Bey) cosy. -sinoy(x8Le1) <0
anyeory-xann tls yong
= (sin2y-xsinayy® = y sin
tenay-xsinn = y sinay
> oy , _ysnny
oe * Bay Key
Example
tty = fovsxe yoosxt yoo cr tom prove tat (1-29) = sin
soutin |
Gin, v= amy
- = conxey
= vay = cobs
Stenting wrt x, wo gt
oy, dr
XM 2 an
- (2% = sinx i a EAs
122 | Engineering Mathematics for GATE (MADE EASY aE) Caleulus | 123,
2.5.3 Logarithmic Differentiation = yerylogx = x
in order to snl the dferentaton of ere functions, we rstake ogaritims and then differentiate = (ieboaay =x
‘Gach a pracoss i called logarithmic cifferertition, This is usually done intwotypes of probe. . 7
+ Winen the given funation isa product of some functions, nen the loarthm converts the product Y= Flags ifereniating wrt x, we get
intoa sum and this facstates ne ferentiation. \
rc the variable occurs in the expenent ie. th given function is ofthe form 10] #3) ( 0.
2 Wnen the vaiabl the exponent. the given function fof Lio #60, a _ reo 2 seer _ woe
Derivative of ut where uv ae dferentiabie functions of
‘= Ut taking logarithm of bath sides, we get
lst ¥
logy = vlog dleaniatna wrt x we gt
iyo
2 - Zeon
# (logy) = ut Liviogy
- D2 yStrogy =u Sivoa)
ILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLES
Example: 1
itera tho flowing cone wt»:
ta
(©) cose
Soition:
(0) Lat vex
Taxa lgarte ofboth ses, we get
foo = X19 %
Diteretaing wr. We gt
iy yt
EY. xteooes
- 8 yr stogn) 800039
(tet Y= 08 eh tering mat. x we vt
5 sins Zoey
2B = comer gory
Now 6) nas beon obtained preiousy pat
% & 2 snoop ett +099)
Examples?
= 087, prove that = OO (CBSE 2000:
=O BOO MA 8 Toga G be
Solon
Geen x = 0°. tang iar of toh ides, wo gt
ylog x = (= yologe = (ye T= x=
ca (logy Glog ~ (Trop?
2.5.4 Derivatives of Functionsin Parametricforms
‘oxand y re wo variables sec tha both are oxpictyexpressedintoms ofa thd variable, a
ie. fi} andy = then such unction recalled paramatic unczons and he thi variables
calodtheparameter
Inatdertofind the derivative o function in parametic orm, we use chain ue.
oY ,
at” ke at
wy
ys x
on re (prove % +0)
a
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
Example
xe at + sind, y= alt ~c0s 0. tng Matt» F
Solution:
co X= at+slngandy=a(t cos!)
Diflxertating both wt. we got
de
& = a1 +c08)
we) Me ao-Centnasnt
‘that a
We cow tat fa
»
a
(2
ce 124 | Engineering Mathematics for GATE (MADE EASY MADE EASY Caleulus | 125
Example: 2 Solution:(a)
2 Ushg RH orterion
Diforomiate 2 wrt. 98
Solution:
é oy
Let
y= Ba andz= soar Ff iswantec.
Diflerertianng both wat. x, we get
gy _ (A) S2-80-34) __ 9
oe xP -(reP
ws faa
4
Weloow het 2%
x
wy _ 8 1 it
2” (ae ert
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES FROM GATE
0.28 Ix a(0+sin6) andy = (1 ~c0s 8, thon dy wil be equal to
a (3) w eof3)
o #9) @ eo(3)
fue, ax 204,1 rat
ceed = aloes ye a(t e2e)
= areca, M aso
dy | ayia ___asina
x ~ ax/ae ~ Bits cos6)
ou(Son’
wa
an0/2
(0.29 Apohnomi x)= 2» a8 1032 +a, wih al cootintsposive Mas
(a) norealroots
(0) no agave rel root
{0} oa numbor of earoots
least one postive and one negative real oot
oe EO, GATE-2018, 1 Mark}
So, trom the above table ts clear that theres atleast one sgn changein the fst clumn. Se,
atleast ono positive and one negative real ost
om ty-tieresanna ft
wi bain condo «ata 0.ad SE 2a
0,15) =.
[Eo 2014: 2 Marks, Sot-2)
Solution
°
=o,
= =2
Gxt0;
at o
y = 5=0,
yn Bes
a . (9) = 2x 15 +5295
2.6 APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES:
‘There aretwo areas whor9 derivates are.used
4. Increasing and Decreaeing Functions
2 Maxina and Minima
(a) Relative maxima and erinena
(b) Aasolste maxima and minima
‘3. Taylors and Maclauins Sories Expansion of Functions
2.6.1. Increasingand Decreasing Functions
Let be eal vaived function defined in an interval D(a subset of), hen fis called an increasing
function in an interval D(a subsot of)
forall Ky %e € Dy,
5) 59 1) 126 | Engineering Mathematics for GATE (MADE EASY
natin caled a tit noreaing ict (or monctoncalyineroasingfuncon nD it
fora ots € Dy
eg 9)
‘sretnomsnna0,
©
Analogously is called a decreasing funcon in an itera D, (a subst ) if
focal 6 Dy
woe He) 2)
arcifs called astict decroasing function (or montoncally decreasing uretion in,
fora Fe © Dp
2m fq) >He)
a a a —A
ooraing nd ‘suit deoresng indy
@ ©
2.6.1.1. Conditions for an Increasing or a Decreasing Function
"Now wo shall seshow io use derivative ofa function to determine where tis increasing and whereit
‘sdecreasing.
‘We know thatthe derivative (fitexsts) ala point Pof a curverepresentsthe stope ofthe tangent to
the ourve atP.
oH
o
Intuitively, rom above fig.) we 6ee that fis astict increasing function in D (a subset ofD), then
the tangent to the curve y = fx) at every point of D, makes an acute angle w wit the postive
direction of x-axis, therefore tan y > O = F(x) » 0 fr allxe D,
Analogously ram above figure (i) we ses that ifs srct decreasing tunetion nD, (a subset of),
then the tangent tothe curve y =f) at every point of D, makes obtuse angle w wih the postive
MADE EASY Calculus | 127
rector of sats thereore, tan y <0= Fy) You might also like
