THE GOVERNMENT OF

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

INDONESIA
Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round

2017

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF OIL AND GAS
 INDONESIA
Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round

2017

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF OIL AND GAS
Regulation of MEMR Number 8/2017 :
“...it is deemed necessary to regulate the scheme and the basic provisions of the production sharing contract without the operating cost recovery mechanism.”
“The Gross Split Production Sharing Contract utilizes a base split production share mechanism, which may be adjusted, based on variable components and progressive components.”

“Better State Part & Contractor Will Be More Efficient”

Cost Recovery PSC Gross Split PSC
Gross Production Gross Production
100% 100%
Cost
Recovery1
(40%)
Equity to be Split
(60%) Split does not include tax

Contractor
Government Contractor Government
(Including cost)
(45%) (15%) (oil 57%)/(gas 52%)

Gross
(oil 43%)/(gas 48%)
The Contractor obtains an "additional split" from the above
Tax2 split base, depends on actual conditions of :
(6%) 1. Block status
2. Field location (onshore or offshore, remote)
Government Contractor 3. Reservoir depth
4. Supportting infrastructure
(51%) (9%) 10 Variable 5. Reservoir condition
Components 6. CO2 content
7. H2S content
The government will get

Nett
Contractor 8. Specific Gravity (API)
Take 9. Local Content (TKDN) additional taxes
10. Production phase
(49%) 2 Progressive 1 1. Oil prices
1in the last 2 years (averaged) Components 12. Cumulative production
2Tax of 40%

Split before tax 75:25 Shifting from Cost Recovery PSC Model to Gross Split PSC
eliminating “cost recovery“ issue in State Budgeting
simplifying business process (e.g work program approval, procurement)
business risk mitigated by “incentives split”
efficiency of the operating cost
 Indonesia Crude Oil and Gas Reserves
Status January 2016

Aceh 111.86 Oil (MMSTB)

7.56
Gas (TSCF)
North Sumatera Natuna
186.64 303.81
0.80
49.87
526.22
2,331.49
Central Sumatera 14.75 Papua
7.52 Kalimantan

1,092.85 100.25
Sulawesi
12.92 2.60 110.33 19.03
South Sumatera Maluku
45.43
West Java 16.73
1,324.61 East Java
1,219.52
5.23
8.04

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

Souce : Ditjen Migas

Oil Resources Gas Resources Working Area: 280 PSCs

Proven : 3,306.91 MMSTB Proven : 101.22 TSCF Exploration : 195 PSCs
Potential : 3,944.20 MMSTB Potential : 42.84 TSCF Production : 71 PSCs
Total : 7,251.11 MMSTB Total : 144.06 TSCF Development : 14 PSCs

Production: 831,000 BPD Production: 7,940 MMSCFD

 2D Seismic Survey
35.000

30.000

25.000

20.000
KM

15.000

10.000

5.000

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

3D Seismic Survey
16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000
KM2

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
 120
Drilling of Exloratory Wells 2012 - 2016
100

80
wells

60

40

20

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
actual discovery success ratio (%)

Oil Production 2012 - 2016

1.400

1.200

1.000
MBOPD

800

600

400

200

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

 9.000 Gas Production 2012 - 2016
8.000

7.000

6.000
MMSCFD

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

30 Firm Commitment 600

25 500

US$ MILLION S
20 400
BLOCKS

15 300

10 200

5 100

0 0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Exploration Block Firm Commitment


Direct Proposal shall be carried out in the joint study framework either by enhancing data quality and or conducting survey for additional data.
All risk and cost shall be borne to business entity / permanent establishment requirement to submit.
Performance Bond in the amount of US$ 1.000.000 for joint study.
Investor’s proposal
Investor’s proposal for
open acreage or available
block shall describing area
boundaries with
geographical coordinates,
short geology report, data
completeness, profile and
capability of the company
if within not later than 14
calendar days after the
receipt of submitted
proposal from Business
Entity (BE) or Permanent
Establishment (PE), there
are any other BE or PE
submitting proposal for
direct proposal of an area
in which:
INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017
1 2
Evaluation of Proposal
The committee evaluates
the proposal submitted
by company for open
acreage and available
blocks. The Director
General of Oil and Gas
may approve proposal of
joint study based on the
evaluation of the
committee.
Direct Proposal Tender
Determined by Minister of Energy Direct Proposal Clarification Forum Evaluating of Participating Contract Signing
Cover more than 25% and Mineral Resources (MEMR) Document Participants who Documents SKK MIGAS and
from previously Minister (MEMR) determine the It contains information of have obtained the Participating Document will Contractor sign the
proposed, the whole acreage of tender including tender procedures, Direct Proposal be assessed based on the cooperation contract
areas will accordingly boundary of acreage, term and schedules, data access Document may technical criteria of 3 years
be reserved for the condition of cooperation contract procedures, technical submit questions exploration commitment,
tender and issues Direct Proposal information of working regarding tender financial capabilities and
Document. acreage, PSC draft and process. company performances, as
Cover less than or other requirements. The proposed by bidder.
equal to 25% from the intended participant
previously proposed, must purchase the
the sub-sequent BE Direct Proposal
or PE shall adjust the Document at MIGAS.
proposal with the
proposal of previous
BE or PE
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Joint Study Result of Joint Study Announcement Data & Information Participating Document Determination of The
Joint Study will be The Committee The new acreage It is mandatory that The tender participant Wining Bidder
conducted between evaluates the result will be announced any participant will should submit the entire The Minister (MEMR)
MIGAS and BE/PE. of joint study in the through electronic have to purchase an Participating Document will appoint the winning
technical and and other media official government on the closing date of bidder, based on the
economical aspect. (our Website: data package through the tender. committee
http://www.migas.e and set by MDM prior recommendation.
sdm.go.id) to submitting the
participating
document.
 Regular Tender
Blocks from open acreage prepared and designated by MIGAS
Available Blocks

Determined by Minister of
Energy and Mineral Resources
Minister (MEMR) determine the
new acreage for tender including
boundary of acreage, term and
condition of cooperation
contract and bid documents.
Bid Documents
It contains information of
tender procedures, schedules,
data access procedures,
technical information of
working acreage, PSC draft
and other requirements. The
intended participant must
purchase the Bid Document at
MIGAS.
Clarification Forum
Participants who have
obtained the Bid
Document may submit
questions regarding
Tender Process.
Evaluation of Participating Contract Signing
Documents SKK MIGAS and
Participating Document will be Contractor sign the
assessed based on the cooperation contract.
technical criteria of 3 years
exploration commitment),
financial capabilities, and
company performance, as
proposed by bidder.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Announcement Data and Information Participating Documents

The new acreage will be
announced through
electronic and other
media (our Website:
http://www.migas.esdm.
go.id)
It is mandatory that any
tender participant will
have to purchase an
official government data
package through and set
by MDM prior to
submitting the
participating document.
The Tender Participant The Minister (MEMR) will
should submit the entire appoint the winning
Participating Document bidder, based on the
on the closing date of the committee recommenda-
tender. tion.
Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

 Tender Schedule

A. Direct Proposal

Access Bid Document : June 5 - July 10, 2017

Clarification Forum : June 12 - July 12, 2017
Bid Submission : July 19, 2017

B. Regular Tender

Access Bid Document : June 5 - August 28, 2017

Clarification Forum : June 12 - September 19, 2017
Bid Submission : October 3, 2017
 Bid Document Access
Bidding process is using “e-lelang wilayah kerja” application
at: http://e-wkmigas.esdm.go.id
Guidance booklet should be read first before make any payment for Bid Document.
You may download the guidance from the website.
Steps for accesing Bid Document

Document Preparation
- Copy of the notarized dead/articles
of establishment/incorporation
- NPWP
- Company domicile letter
- etc
$
Payment to Bank Go to http://e-wkmigas.esdm.go.id
“BPN 019 Ditjen Migas Valas. for registration
Account Number 0378-02-000068-30-8
Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI)
Branch: Jakarta Rasuna Said.
Swift Code: BRINIDJAXXX"

Download Bid Document from Username & Password Registration and payment
http://e-wkmigas.esdm.go.id Validated

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

 Data Access

Bid Participants shall access geological & geophysical data, which will be used for technical
evaluation of the exploration work program.
A. Data package consists of geological & geophysical data and outside which are
directly related to the block. The data package is mandatory, it shall be accesed at:

Pusat Data dan Informasi (PUSDATIN) KESDM

Executing Agency MIGAS Data Management (MDM)
PT. Patra Nusa Data
Graha Elnusa 5th Floor
JL.TB Simatupang Kav.1B
Jakarta 12560
(Ph. 62-21-7816770-74 Ext.15, Fax. 62-21-7816775 )

B. Auxilliary Data: consits of geological & geophysical data related to areas but not
covered on the Data Package. The Auxilliary data is optional (not mandatory) it can be
accessed from legal sources:

1. PT Patra Nusa Data

2. Speculative Survey Companies
3. PPPTMGB “LEMIGAS”
Jl.Ciledug Raya Kav. 109, Cipulir Kebayoran Lama
Jakarta Selatan 12230
Contact: Koordinator Kelompok Riset Teknologi Eksplorasi
4. Badan Geologi
Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122
Contact: Sekretaris Badan Geologi
5. Puslitbang Geologi Kelautan
Jl. DR. Djunjunan No. 236 Pasteur - Bandung
GEOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS
ANDAMAN I BLOCK
ANDAMAN I BLOCK
The Andaman I Area is located on the northernmost offshore Aceh, the relative was on
the international border between Indonesia and Thailand. The area covers an area of
7364 km2. Andaman I locations in geological, located in the Andaman Sea in the North
Sumatra Basin. In the west, North Sumatra Basin ridge bounded by Sea Mergui and in
the north, it is bordered Sub-basin Mergui. Exposure Mergui and Malacca became the
boundary in the east and south of the mainland portion of the North Sumatra Basin.
Exploration in the area Andaman I was very attractive, given its location relatively close
to the North Jambu Aye-1 which is a well with a hydrocarbon discovery of two reservoir
intervals.

STRATIGRAPHY
Sequence stratigraphy
offshore North Aceh
and Mergui Basin
based on well data and
seismic 2D shows the
condition of the ocean
basins, continental slope
and shallow current
exposure. Stratigraphy in
the southern part of the
Basin Mergui or off the
coast of North Sumatra
is very different from the
situation in the southern
part of the stratigraphic
North Sumatra
dominated by coarse
clastic terrigenous.

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Source Rock
Candidates source rock in
Andaman I is projected to
come from shale interval
Bampo and Lacustrine
Shale-fill Parapat. Based
on Fuse et al. (1996),
Parapat Shale is only
found in the Deep Sea
Bayu-1. The well-Holland
Jambu Aye record source
rock interval is thinner.
These conditions explain
that Parapat Lacustrine
facies distribution, and
localy limited in some
areas. As with the shale
interval encountered
Bampo widely distributed.

Some wells indicate that the source rocks, both Bampo and Parapat, composed of
kerogen type II / III which tends to be dominant producing gas. It also indicated happen
suppressed vitrinite reflectance value. Deep Sea Bayu-1 record the vitrinite reflectance
values reaches a maximum at a depth of 3053 m, whereas the Tmax and the temperature
at the same depth indicates the condition of the source rock that has entered a phase
of oil generation.

Reservoir Rock
Potential rock reservoirs in Andaman I targeted from three intervals, namely: Sandstone
Formations Parapat Late Oligocene, Early Miocene Sandstone Bampo, and Sea Fans
in the Middle Miocene Formations Baong. Rock properties of the reservoirs is obtained
from wells Deep Sea Bayu-1 which is located closest to the block boundary Andaman
I. Based on petrophysical analysis, porosity Sandstone Formation Parapat is good
porosity.

Migration Time
Burial history reconstruction built to be able to interpret and evaluate the potential,
maturity and petroleum generation. Reconstruction is based on data Pseudowell 2
(PS2) located in the north central part of the basin (depocenter). The result says that oil
from oil shale Bampo start entering the window when the Pliocene, while the gas phase
window begins on Early Pleistocene. The top of the formation Parapat has entered the
oil window since the Middle Miocene with lithology composed of Lacustrine facies.

Migration of hydrocarbons derived from depocenter / kitchen in the north. Kitchen in

the southern area obstructed by structures trending northeast-southwest so that the
migration of hydrocarbons cannot reach and fill existing closure. Lead-lead of Parapat
interval are presented in two different kinds of hydrocarbon charging scenarios, namely:
1) a hydrocarbon derived from shale interval Parapat and 2) a hydrocarbon derived
from shale interval due to juxtaposition of Bampo fault that forms the conduit. Lead-
lead Bampo interval has a greater opportunity to be filled by hydrocarbons from shale
Bampo-I cross section showing petroleum play in Andaman I.

Trap
Rock lithology-hood in Andaman I is composed of fine sized rocks that are distributed
widely in the area. Shale rock formations hood comes from the lower Miocene
Keutapang, Shale Formation Belumai and Flakes Bampo top.

Trap mechanism formed in Andaman I is the result of a structural trap faulted anticline
and anticline four-way dip restricted some fault. Trap geological structure was formed
when the expansion of the Andaman Sea and the appointment of Barisan in Late
Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene (Sosromihardjo, 1988).

DATA AVAILABILITY

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

ANDAMAN II BLOCK
ANDAMAN II BLOCK
The Andaman II Block Area is located in North Sumatra Basin, it consists of a series
of horst and graben structures mostly walked toward the N-S. The horst and graben
structures are considered as a potential kitchen available and trapping areas. The
total acreage for Andaman II Block is 7399.85 km2, with water depth ranging from
250m–1250m. Towards the offshore, the area is still underexplored due to its location
in the deep water. The presence of similar geological condition between onshore
and offshore areas has given good potential of the extension of onshore basin North
Sumatra to the northern part in the offshore Areas. There are 94 seismic lines data with
total length of 8950 km and one (1) well located inside the Andaman II Block.

STARTIGRAPHY

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
The activity of tectonics in North Sumatra Basin during the Pre-Tertiary was very
pronounced as compared to tertiary time. Volcanism coincident with intrusive activity
was also present in relevancy to the tectonic activity and commonly produced acid
intrusive such as granodiorite and granite.

During the tertiary the tectonics activities are basically differentiated into Pre-Miocene
and Miocene to Post Miocene. The Pre-Miocene tectonics mainly produced the N-S
structural pattern. The dominant fault zone is the so-called “98 fault zone” located
around longitude 98° and trending in an N-S direction. The Miocene and Post Miocene
structural pattern is mainly a NW-SE orientation relevant to the Bukit Barisan uplift.

The stratigraphy sequences of North Sumatera Basin can be closely compared to

the tectonics event. On the basis of this relationship, the tectonostratigraphy of North
Sumatera Basin can be divided as; 1. Basement; 2. Early Syn-Rift (Bruksah & Bampo
Formations); 3. Late Syn-Rift to Transitional Phase (Belumai & Peutu Formations); 4.
Syn-Inversion Regime (Keutapang & Younger Formations).

Based on biostratigraphy analysis, the following the biozonation of blow (1969), the
analysed of Bayu Laut Dalam (BLD)-1 well interval (1870–3086m TD) range in age from
Late Miocene–Late Oligocene, without any major missing sections. The interpreted
depositional environments are deep marine (bathyal) and the later is neritic ot
supralitoral. For detailed information, refer to biostrat report of BLD-1 by Geoservices.
One (1) core sample from the Bampo Formation from depth 2623m showing visible
porosity of 11.6%, classified as sublitharenite. The other five (5) core samples were from
the Parapat Formation, ranging from 2755m–2887m showing visible porosity range
from 14.4% - 18% classified mostly as subarkose.

The SouthWest to Northeast profile shows the stratigraphy correlation of well GLM-1,
EAO-1, SML-1 & BLD-1. From the correlation, shows that the area in the Samalanga-1 well
is in the deep area and become higher to the southwest and northeast to BLD-1 well. The
structural correlation also showing the same position with stratgigraphy correlation, it
mean that the lower/deep area is located in the southwest of the Andaman II Block.

Based on the post mortem analysis there is no no-significant oil and gas show was
encountered & high risk gas peak readings while drilling range from 0.3–0.7 %.
All reservoir facies identified were water saturated. No C5 was detected in Bampo
Sandstone and no C4 was detected in Parapat Fm. The main reason why BLD-1 is dry is
related to the time of migration and lack of source rock.

The overall 2D seismic quality generally from medium to good. BLD-1 was supplied
with velocity survey, the check-shot data will be used tie the seismic and well data. The
horizon picking was conducted based on the formation top which was taken from the
tied well into seismic data. There are five (5) main important picks; they are Pre-Tertiary
Basement, Top Parapat, Top Bampo. Top Belumai and Top Baong. It was later become a
basis for picking the top horizon and mapping. There two (2) pattern of tectonic activities
in the North Sumatra Basin, basically differentiate into Pre-Miocene and Miocene to Post
Miocene. The Pre-Miocene tectonics mainly produced the N-S structural pattern and
 the Miocene and Post
Miocene structural
pattern is mainly a NW-
SE orientation relevant
to the Bukit Barisan
uplift.

The base source rock

interval in the Andaman
II Block is within the
Parapat & Bampo
Formation, in the
mudstones deposited in
the rift graben axis. The
main reservoir intervals
in Andaman II is within
the Parapat and Bampo
Fm, presents in rift
basins as fluvial to alluvial fan facies. Where the Belumai and Baong is poorly developed
in this area. The seal are overlain by impermeable shale sequences of Lower Baong &
Ketapang shales and from intraformational of Bampo Fm sub-regional seal, developed
in the post-rift deposition.

DATA AVAILABILITY

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

SOUTH TUNA BLOCK
SOUTH TUNA BLOCK
The South Tuna area, is located in the offshore of East Natuna Basin, covers
approximately 7827.09 km2. The area is geologically located in the back-arc region of
East Natuna, but had experienced several tectonic regimes previously. East Natuna
region has been subjected to a series of complex plate movements, which have much
influence on the development of the petroleum habitat of the area. The relatively close
proximity of Sarawak orogeny has made the area especially prone to the effects of rift,
drift and collision events which in turn control the development of potentially important
petroleum plays in the region.

Hydrocarbon discoveries and shows from the well drillings in the whole East Natuna
have convincingly indicated that hydrocarbons have been generated in the region and
its surroundings.

Reinterpretation of old data (surface and sub-surface), and assessment of hydrocarbon

plays using newly developed concepts, may result in a new understanding of the
geologic history of the basin and previously unrecognized hydrocarbon systems can be
deduced. Hence, new leads and prospect areas previously overlooked may be exposed.

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
By far the best source rock potential in the East Natuna Basin, lies within the Late
Oligocene section which is only penetrated by three (3) wells; Cipta A-1, AT-1X and
Panda-1 (based on corelab data). The Early Miocene displays fair source potential,
with numerous samples attaining better than 1% TOC. Geochemical data from Cipta
A-1 showing the possibility for Cretaceous section as possible source rock. The best
source potential is occurring in the Bunguran Trough & Sokang Sub-basin, whereas the
Komodo Graben is still immature for source potential.

To date, hydrocarbons, mainly gas but some oil, have been found in both clastic and
carbonate sequences. The gas reservoirs developed in the Tertiary Terumbu carbonates
often contain a high percentage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Discoveries made to date have
identified accumulations only in tertiary reservoirs, with the Middle to Late Miocene
section, both clastic and carbonate, proving particularly fruitful. Shallow marine to
deltaic environments have given rise to fair to good quality clastic reservoirs, although
some potential also exists in reworked sediments with deeper water, turbiditic affinities.
No pre-tertiary (basement) reservoir levels have been identified in the region and
there is believed to be little future potential at these low stratigraphic horizons. The
oldest tertiary sections, the Oligocene section likewise has provided little exploration
encouragement to date, although this level has only been penetrated by only three
wells. Younger tertiary sediments, the Arang Formation indicate locally encouraging
petrophysical characteristics in clastic reservoirs and these stratigraphic levels (together
with the Terumbu carbonates) remain the most promising for future exploration activity
and success.

Source Rock
The overall source rock potential of the area is generally rather poor. Generally, the
Arang and Gabus Formation shales in the South Tuna Area are generally poor source
quality, with better potential further northeast. In the South Tuna, the area gas prone

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

source rocks predominate over any oil sources

The Cretaceous section were penetrated by Cipta A-1 showing that the section could
become possible source rocks in the South Tuna Area, where the distribution only in the
deeper area (Komodo Graben).

The sequence Oligocene could also become potential source rock in South Tuna Area,
the BEICIP report (1985) notes that the Gabus formation represents the first transgressive
phase over Basement & the Barat Shales as the period of Maximum Flooding. The
section is dominated by continental to littoral deposits in Cipta A-1.

The Miocene section consists of sandstone and shale inter-bedded with some coals
deposited in deltaic or paralic environment. Geochemical analysis indicates that the SB1
(Early Miocene) section has a fair to good organic richness with mainly kerogen type
III that generated oil and gas prone. The Plio-Pleistocene sediments are probably still
immature, although subsidence and rapid sedimentation occurred in the eastern parts
of the basin.

Reservoir Rock
To date, hydrocarbons, mainly gas but some oil, have been found in both clastic and
carbonate sequences. The gas reservoirs developed in the Tertiary Terumbu carbonates
often contain a high percentage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Late Oligocene sands are well
developed in several wells (Cipta A-1) & sequence stratigraphy shows that the Early to
Middle Miocene Barat & Arang formations extend across the South Tuna Block.

Porous foreshore, estuarine and bar sands characteristic of the Barat are producing
reservoirs in nearby fields and could become target in the South Tuna area.

The Terumbu (carbonate) reservoir reef facies is proven as an excellent reservoir and
contains gas and oil accumulations in several adjacent fields including the giant Natuna
D-Alpha gas field immediately to the east.

Migration Time
East Natuna Basin in the Late Cretaceous epoch is part of a basin behind the arc, which
extends from offshore Vietnam, cut the Natuna waters and extend into Sarawak.

This basin is composed by Komodo Sub-basin and Sokang Sub-basin in the western
part and Natuna eastern in the East. Sub-basin in the west and in the east it is separated
by a Paus Ranai ridge. Sokang Sub-basin in the southwest of the East Natuna Basin
has thickness sediments up to more than 6000m of tertiary age. In the north of Sokang
Sub-basin there are Komodo Sub-basin, which is a graben, and have the Miocene clastic
sediment thickness of up to 5000m. The northern part of East Natuna Basin, there is
sediments of Neogene age, including reef facies carbonate Miocene to Pliocene with a
thickness of up to 1500m.

Extensional tectonic phase known as phase sag forming normal faults trending north -
south as a block fault and half graben. East Natuna Basin began to form in the Oligocene
which then began to fill with sediment. This extension basin formed by the movement
of Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Shelf, followed by the Late Miocene compressional
phases that lead to tilting and folds associated with shear fault.

The history of the formation of Natuna Basin can be divided into five stages, namely:
1. Cretaceous-Eocene, East Natuna Basin development.
2. Early Oligocene - Late, Gabus Formation deposition in both basins.
3. Late Oligocene - Early Miocene, Arang Formation deposition.
4. Middle Miocene - Late Miocene, sedimentation Arang Formation and Muda
Formation in the West Natuna, precipitated carbonate reefs in East Natuna.
5. Pliocene - Pleistocene, more precipitation in the shallow sea of Muda Formation in
western and eastern Natuna, where China Basin remains at sea sediment.

The western part is dominated bytertiary sediments were very thin coat of local igneous
rocks, metasedimen, and Pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks. Paleotopografi Positive Pre-
Tertiary events are a major factor describes the layers of sediment. Trend trending half
graben NSW-SSE, and the lack of continuity of the character of the region Komodo
Graben.

Innermost part of the graben is predicted to have a depth of 5000m. Trough Sokang
same as the Komodo Graben but has depocenter deeper. Furthermore, the structure of
roll over and some of the common faults found in graben.

Subi Shelf which is located between the East Natuna Arch and Bunguran Trough has
the characteristics of sediment relatively shallow, and is dominated by clastic sediment.
Moreover, in the north-eastern part, clastic sedimentation replaced by the development
shelf of carbonate shelf facies, with local reef in some parts.

On the eastern side of the ridge there Trough Sokang Paus-Ranai-Tuna. As Natuna
Arch, this ridge NNW-SSE oriented, with a limit of the western part of the steep and
faulted and the east side is faulted, structural developments seen in the formation of
sediments with different compaction of the Tertiary sediments.

Bunguran Trough located in the east of Subi Shelf (Reef Carbonate Shelf) and Paus
Ridge-Ranai, and the depth increases toward the main part of the regional Basin
Sarawak. Trough has a great thickness of sediment Pliocene and Pleistocene.

Regional stratigraphy, which developed in the East Natuna Basin and West Natuna
directly related to tectonic phase formed, so that it can be divided into four (4)
tektonostratigraphy:
1. Syn-Rift: formations syn-rift is Lama Formation and Benua Formation Late Eocene-
Early Oligocene. Lama Formation is composed of lake sediments, fluvio-deltaic
and alluvial fan. This sedimentary rock fill Terban half (half graben) the process
associated with the expansion of the ocean floor. Sandstone layer of sediments
is producing gas and oil. Benua formations dominated by the shale, which is
deposited comformity on top Lama Formation.
2. Post-Rift: developing sediment is sediment of lacustrine and fluvial. Fluvial
sediment thickened to depocenter and developing of meanders facies to bradded
stream facies ended Late Oligocene. From old to young post rift is comprised of

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

 Gabus Formation Under section compiled by intercalation sandstone and shale
with fluvio-deltaic facies. Furthermore, shale with Middle-Upper Oligocene of Keras
Formation is deposited conformity intercalation of sandstone and shale deltaic
facies, bradded stream and lacustrine from Gabus Formation section on the Late
Oligocene-Early Miocene.
3. Syn-Inversion: Tectonic inverse to the Late Oligocene-Miocene epoch the end result
in the formation of graben and half-graben history, located in the North Kakap and
South Kakap, growing upwards forming the Sunda Fold. From old to young, syn-
sedimentary inversion is organized by the Barat Formation shale deposits Early
Miocene. Followed by the deposition of shallow marine sandstone Pasir Formation
and tidal flat sediment, swam, and shallow marine of Arang Formation. Barat
Formation sandstones and Pasir Formation is a reservoir hydrocarbon.
4. Post-Inversion: Top Arang Formation depositional uncorformity mudstone, shale
and sandstone Late Miocene-Resen with shallow marine facies of Muda Formation.

In the East Natuna Basin, sedimentary Late Oligocene-Early Miocene sequences

composed by sandstones at the bottom, and shale on top. Sandstone sequence
equivalent to Upper Gabus Formation and shale sequences equivalent to the
Barat Formation on the West Natuna Basin. Later on it was deposited in conformity
sandstone Arang Formations consisting of sandstones and alluvial deltaic, followed by
the deposition of shale Arang formations under section consisting of green shale of
maximum transgression sequences and last deposited sandstone Sokang Formation
Early Miocene-Middle Miocene.

In the northern part of the East Natuna Basin, lithology that lay shale Arang Formation
is part Bottom Terumbu Formation. The lower part is composed by wackstone,
packstone, and boundstone of an exposure, while the upper part of the dolomite prepared
by reef built-up, shale marine and marls. Local unconformity is found among the two
lithologies, marks the end of a regressive phase.

Trap
Regional bathyal Muda shales provide adequate seal for the reservoirs in South Tuna
Area

Most of the hydrocarbons accumulations are trapped in the structural closures such as
four-ways dip anticline, inverted anticline, rotated fault blocks, as well as combination
structure and stratigraphic closures.

DATA AVAILABILITY

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MERAK LAMPUNG BLOCK
MERAK LAMPUNG BLOCK
The Merak Lampung Area is located dominantly in Sunda Basin. Administratively, most
of the area is located in Banten province, with a total acreage of 5104.17 km2, consisting
of onshore (54.5 %) and offshore (45.5 %) area. This area is considered to have good
potential for hydrocarbon and because it has been proposed for the oil and gas.

Merak Lampung Area into proper subsurface configuration, identifying its tectonic
dynamics and evolution to achieve a proper petroleum system evaluation with
emphasizes on source potential, optimum reservoir and structural trap integrity.

Sunda Basin is the southern part of Sunda Craton which is classify as one of tertiary
back-arc sedimentary basins situated in north or northeast of the present day volcanic
arc (Wight et al., 1986). It extends for approximately 90 miles in a north-northeasterly
direction from northeast of Merak Lampung. The shape of basin roughly form a triangular,
the apex facing south-southwest towards volcanic cone at east Merak Lampung. The
basin bounded by Hera and Asri basins in north-northeast, Lampung High in western
part and Seribu Platform in eastern part.

PETROLEUM SYSTEM

Source Rock
Sunda Basin is a mature basin for exploration and the remaining effort can gain from
a better understanding of the hydrocarbon generation and migration timing system
present. This basin has a good database for such an approach. Since 1970 there have
been 165 wildcat wells drilled, 16 fields developed and more than 550 MMBO produced.
The potential source rock assemblages are penetrated by many wells around all but
the deepest parts of the depocenter. The basin also has an extensive coverage of
seismic data, tied regionally and supported by good bio-stratigraphic age control for the
Miocene. The Talang Akar and Banuwati formations are poorly constrained in terms of
age, but this does not appear to have a significant effect on the timing of source rock
maturation.

Reservoir Rock
The source system of the Talangakar Formation can be divided into two parts. The first
of these is shown on the model as both a fluviatile and paludal shale source rock, and
an under compacted migration seal in the central part of the basin. It is poorly drained,
and primary hydrocarbon migration is incomplete. The second group comprises similar
but normally compacted shales interbedded within the fluviatile sandstone reservoir
system. These are not well illustrated on the simple model, but because they are mature,
richly organic, and widely distributed among the reservoir rocks, they are clearly an
important source system. Coals interbedded within the fluviatile sequences are also
likely to have generated oil, but they are not abundant. Talangakar shales is potential
for source rock and regionally is proven source rock. Talangakar Formation has
good–excellent TOC with kerogen type II (Mixed oil and gas). Marine claystones and
mudstones of the Airbenakat and Cisubuh formations complete the regional vertical
seal of the Sunda Basin. The most important migration system in the Sunda Basin
consists of the multifarious braided stream, point bar, and distributary channel deposits
of the Talangakar Formation.

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Reservoir at Talangkar Formation with Oligocene-Early Miocene age, Baturaja Formation
Early Miocene age. Reservoir quality relatively poor. Seal found in the area at Cisubuh
Formation and then the main leads have been faulted. Traps in the pitfalls that occur in
this area is structural traps like faulted.

Migration Time
Stratigraphy analysis has been identified some marker like Sequence Boundary (SB)
and Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) from Pre-Tertiary to Pliocene. The lithology that
has been identified ranges between igneous rock, sandstone, limestone, claystone
and siltstone. Based on biostratigraphy analysis, the following the biozonation of blow
(1969), there are two type logs that had been determined Surti-1 & Utari-4. These wells
penetrate ranges from Pre-Tertiary to Pliocene. These type logs are profile model of
depositional environment and sequence correlation in Merak Lampung Area.
Trap
The Merak Lampung Areas proper subsurface configuration is identified by its
tectonic dynamics and evolution to achieve a proper petroleum system evaluation with
emphasizes on source potential, optimum reservoir and structural trap integrity.

Reinterpretation of old data (surface and sub-surface), and assessment of hydrocarbon

plays using newly developed concepts, may result in a new understanding of the
geologic history of the basin and previously unrecognized hydrocarbon systems can be
deduced. Hence, new leads and prospect areas previously overlooked may be exposed.

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DATA AVAILABILITY
 PEKAWAI BLOCK

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PEKAWAI BLOCK
Pekawai Area is located in South Mahakam area, offshore and onshore of East
Kalimantan, Indonesia. It consists of nine sub-blocks with total area are approximately
8157.15 km2. Pekawai area is relatively adjacent to oil and gas production fields in both
Mahakam and South Mahakam area.

Sub-block B area, as the northernmost sub-block in Pekawai, is close to giant Peciko

gas fields (discovered in 1977). Several gas and condensate fields, such as Jumelai
(1975), Stupa (1996), Jempang (1990) and Metulang (1998) are near to sub-blocks of C, F
and G. Later discoveries in above 2000’s, such as Jangkrik-1 (2009; oil-gas on Miocene-
Pliocene turbiditic sandstones as channel slope) and Merakes-1 (2014; gas on Pliocene
turbiditic sandstones interpreted as submarine fan) prove that exploration within study
area is still viable.

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Critical moment of Pekawai is considered to be timing of gas expulsion as an aspect of
migration. Both Late Eocene interval (S1) and Early Miocene (S2) has Pliocene (around 3
mya) for their timing of gas expulsion as the last petroleum element that is established.
Three petroleum plays are regarded as having the best chance of finding commercially
viable quantities of hydrocarbons in Pekawai: (1) Sepinggan Fault Play, (2) Carbonate
Build-up or Pinnacle Play and (3) Anticline associated with Toe-Thrust Play.

Source Rock
Based on integrated geochemical study, three potential source rocks could be identified
within Pekawai. Detail of each source rocks as well as burial history can be described
as follows:
1. Late Eocene interval (S1), equivalent to Tanjung or Kuaro Formation that has deep-
water facies of shale with influx from terrestrial. It has kerogen type III; TOC average
of 0.52 wt%; HI is up to 87 mg/g (refer to Rinjani-1). This source rock has reached gas
expulsion in Pliocene (3 mya) with threshold depth around 12,000 feet interpreted
source pod near to LL-1 lead.
2. Early Miocene interval (S2) composed of shale in delta front to open marine facies.
It has kerogen type II/III; TOC is up to 47.34 wt%; HI range is 65 - 380 mg/g. This
interval is believed as main source rock to South Mahakam proven oil and gas
fields. It reached its gas expulsion in South Mahakam depocenter during Early
Pliocene (3 mya) with threshold depth around 16,400 feet.
3. Pliocene interval (S3) consists of coaly and laminated shale facies. It has kerogen
type II/III; TOC is up to 3.21 wt%; HI is up to 365 mg/g. This source rock acts as
biogenic type that anticipated producing gas.

Reservoir Rock
Regional geological review, petrophysical analysis as well as closure identification
established in this study conclude that six reservoirs are potential for further
investigation as follows:
1. Early Miocene Labangka interval (R1) mainly consists of skeletal packstone
to wackestone that can produce initial 150 MSCFGPD even with 0.0015 mD
permeability (based on Bebulu-1 DST-3). A petrophysical analysis in several well
targeted this interval suggested avg. NTG of 0.019–0.22 and avg. PHIE of 0.126–
 0.170 (fair to good quality).
2. Late Miocene interval (R4), equivalent to Barokah limestone in SIS-A#1, is
dominantly composed of wackestone–packstone facies that flowed gas around 18
MMSCF (DST-1). This interval has up to 86 feet of gross thickness with NTG in range
of 0.341–0.762 and PHIE in range of 0.177–0.346 (good to excellent quality7).
3. Late Miocene Lower Apar interval (R6) mainly consists of limestone with mud
mound facies (based on SWC in Apar-1 well). RFT in Apar-1 result shows 1.7 cuft gas
and trace oil. A petrophysical analysis conducted in this interval suggested tight
carbonate with very low avg. NTG (0.001–0.028) and relatively poor PHIE (0.100–
0.161).
4. Late Miocene Telakai interval (R8), identified in Telakai-1 FIT test data, is dominantly
composed of limestone (possibly slope facies) with up to 144.36 feet of gross
thickness. It has NTG in range of 0.047–0.450 and PHIE in range of 0.157–0.251
categorized as fair to excellent quality (calculated from Apar-1 well).
5. Latest Miocene to Pliocene? of Low Resistive interval (R9) mainly consists of
pinnacle reef facies (clearly seen in seismic data). Based on analogue lithology to
Mandu-1 well (bio-clastic calcarenite to calcilutite and 242.78 gross thick), it shows
good petrophysical analysis with high avg. NTG (0.706–0.978) and relatively good
to excellent PHIE (0.178–0.270).
6. Pliocene Sidi interval (R10) mainly consists of sheet and turbiditic sandstone
that has MDT-1 sample of dry methane gas (possibly biogenic) in Sidi-1 well. A
petrophysical analysis in this interval suggested maximum gross thickness can
reach up to 275 feet while avg. NTG of 0.608–0.750 and avg. PHIE of 0.258–0.366
that categorized as excellent reservoir quality.

Migration Time
Regional stratigraphy of Pekawai can be divided into three groups. Sub-blocks I can
be referred to Sebuku area by Pireno and Darussalam (2010) that is mainly focused
on Eocene and Oligocene strata as petroleum target. Stratigraphy of South Mahakam
was adapted from Ardhie et al. (2013) especially in post Oligocene (Miocene to Recent).
Validation and reservoir identification refer to several key wells as reference for Pekawai.
Eocene interval (Hz-01) comprises a rifting in-filling stage with the siliciclastic sand and
shale of lacustrine and fluvio-deltaic environment equivalent to non-marine Tanjung
Formation that lies above basement (Pireno and Darussalam, 2010). This interval is also
known as Kuaro Formation, which has similar age.

Oligocene-Earliest Miocene interval (Hz-2) is mainly carbonate-dominated equivalent

to Berai Formation. Pireno and Darussalam (2010) reported that this interval appears
to have been massive and sudden subsidence after deposition of Eocene interval. It
produced more marine sediments rather than clastic during transgression phase.

Miocene intervals (Hz-3 to Hz 6) are mostly product of regressive trend that commenced
during this stage which created sandier clastic reservoirs that proven as Yakin sands,
Sepinggan Deltaic Sequence (Susianto et al., 2012) as well as Jumelai sands (Syarifuddin
et al., 2008). In the Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene, transgressive period occurred
and produced Sepinggan Carbonate Sequence (SCS) with typically carbonates build-up
(Susianto et al., 2012) and pinnacles throughout the area. In Later Miocene, regressive
trend re-occurred with the development of low stand delta on top of carbonate sequence

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found in Sepinggan Field known as Low Resistive (Susianto et al., 2012). These Miocene
intervals are the main targets to sub-blocks within South Mahakam area.

Pliocene interval (Hz-7) consists of sandstone with fine to very fine grained and
moderately to poorly sorted, commonly deposited in deepwater settings derived from
eastward area. This interval is prolific and proved in deepwater of Kutei Basin such as
Ganal and Gendalo field which relatively close to sub-blocks D.

Seal Rock
Identification of seal rock candidates for six potential reservoirs in Pekawai were
performed based on its gross thickness and dominant lithology. Those seal rocks are:
1. Early to Middle Miocene of interbedded shale, sandstone and carbonate with 266–
997 feet of gross thick for Early Miocene Labangka reservoir.
2. Lithology of shale dominant and some sandstone intercalations with 550 to 1805
feet of gross thickness for Late Miocene Barokah reservoir.
3. Shale dominant with some sandstone intercalations with up to 2017 feet of gross
thickness for Late Miocene Lower Apar reservoir.
4. Lithology of sand dominant with some shale intercalations with 928–1220 feet of
gross thickness for Late Miocene Telakai reservoir.
5. Pliocene or younger interbedded shale and sandstone with up to 4300 feet of
gross thickness for Latest Miocene to Pliocene Low Resistive reservoir.
6. Pliocene or younger interbedded shale and sandstone with 3927–4677 feet of
gross thickness for Pliocene Sidi reservoir.

Trap
Carbonate bank can be clearly observed and identified as trap based on seismic data
in Early Miocene Labangka. It has large area (8.63 km2) as well as high vertical column
(up to 1257 feet). Development of this carbonate bank related to rifting structural grain
with relatively NW-SE orientation, similar to Pangkah Graben in Ruby field (Pireno
and Darussalam, 2010). Pinnacle reefs also clearly defined as trap, especially in Late
Miocene intervals such as Lower Apar, Telakai and Latest Miocene Low Resistive. Its
characteristic is local, isolated and scattered throughout area.

Closure LB-1 is typical of fault related closure (3-way dip) that has tilted strata bounded
by Sepinggan Fault System and its fault splay. It is included in Jumelai corridor, which
already has proven wells such as Jumelai-1, Jumelai-3 and SIS#A-1. NE-SW anticlinal
system associated with toe thrust fault derived from development of deep-water setting
of Kutai Basin also potential as structural trap, especially in Pliocene sandstone that is
similar to proven Gendalo field trap style.

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DATA AVAILABILITY
 WEST YAMDENA BLOCK

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THE WEST YAMDENA BLOCK
The West Yamdena Block located both on onshore and offshore in Tanimbar Islands
area and covering an area 8209.96 km2 wide.

The geological history of Eastern Indonesia and the Northwest Shelf of Australia
started with the creation of the Australian continental margin in the Permian and Early
Mesozoic. This was the result of the Gondwanaland break-up. Following that was a
passive continental margin period, which lasted throughout the Late Mesozoic and
Tertiary, up until the Late Miocene. Then, a plate tectonic collision had been in progress
since the Late Miocene, between the Australian continental margin and Southeast
Asian (Banda) arcs.

STRATIGRAPHY
Stratigraphic history of Tanimbar Islands is broadly comparable with Northwest Shelf
Australian region. In general, the stratigraphy around the Tanimbar Islands can be
subdivided into several mega-sequences, which are clastics and igneous rocks of
Proterozoic, clastic and carbonates of Lower Paleozoic, clastics, carbonates and igneous
rocks of Upper Paleozoic, clastics of Mesozoic and carbonates and minor clastics of
tertiary sediments.

A simplified stratigraphic correlation of the Eastern Indonesia Region.

Charlton (2010) said that Batilembuti Formation exposure location in the West Yamdena
Island is the mélange complex area. The mélange zone consists of decimeter-scale
lithified blocks enclosed in a non-scaly clay matrix. This mélange complex comprises
the superficial accumulation of the ejected mud volcanoes, which are themselves the
surface expression of underlying shale diapirs. Active mud volcanoes occur throughout
the mélange belt. The primary constituents of the mud volcano eject a in the Tanimbar
Islands are clasts of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, while the clay matrix is largely
composed of disaggregated Jurassic grey shale. Fossil analysis on several rock samples
from Batilembuti Formation showed that this formation has Early to Late Pliocene Ages.
So we concluded that mélange complex in Yamdena Island were not associated with the
former subduction in the area, but act as syn-orogenic deposit along Pliocene Collision.
Another chain of islands to the west of Yamdena (referred in this study as the Western
Island), are mainly composed of outcrops from Permo-Mesozoic rocks. Cover sequences
exposed in these islands range in age from Permian to Miocene, with the Miocene
rocks in slightly different facies to those exposed in Yamdena. The benthic foraminifera,
however, appears to be reworked in turbidite deposits, and are therefore considered
more proximal deep marine deposits, rather than shallow marine successions.

PETROLEUM SYSTEM

Source Rock
Hydrocarbon occurrences at the Abadi Field have proved the existence of effective
source rock in this area. Regional study have resulted information of potential source
rock of West Yamdena Block, which are the Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Early
Cretaceous sediments. And from geochemistry analysis on Tangustabun Clay (Early
Miocene), this lithology can be act as fair hydrocarbon source rocks. Basin modeling
suggested the Jurassic source rock in the regional Tanimbar Area lying within gas
generation zone. Early Cretaceous sediments of Echuca Shoals, Wai Ba and Flamingo
Formations suggested being a regional seals in the area. An intra-formational seal are
also interpreted to be present in Plover Formation (Early–Mid Jura).

According to the geochemical data of Abadi-1 well, Lynedoch-2 well and Barakan-1 well,
there are several Mesozoic sediment interval mentioned above having the capability as
a source rock. From geological fieldwork, there are three samples analyzed as source
rocks possibilities, but the result is not encouraging. The sample was taken from clay
stones of Maru Formation and Ungar Formation. All three samples indicate poor organic
matter content of 0.17-0.23%. Organic matter type cannot be defined using Rock-
Eval technique, because no HI results available. Data obtained from kerogen typing
assessment shows that the sediments contain mainly non-fluorescent amorphous and
vitrinite materials and may be classified as type III. The sediment maturity seems to
indicate immaturity with Ro ranged between 0.38-0.4 %.

Reservoir Rock
Reservoirs are consisting of Lower Cretaceous Ungar quartz sandstone and possible
fluvio-deltaic/shallow marine sandstone of Plover Formation (Lower–Mid Jura)
considered as one of the potential reservoir of the West Yamdena Block. Plover
Formation has been proved as the major gas reservoir at the NW Shelf Australia.
Petrophysical analysis of Abadi-1 and Troubadour-1 well shows that Plover Formation
has 12.6% average porosity. Nevertheless, Middle Jurassic sediment at West Yamdena
Block predicted as deep marine deposits.

The other reservoir potential is the sandstone of the Maru (Triassic) And Ungar
Formation (upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous). Based on field observation, this formation

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interpreted as distal turbidite sandstone and from mineralogy composition, these rocks
classified as Quartz, Lithic, and Feldsphatic Arenite Sandstone (Gilbert, 1982). Rock
physical properties analysis of Maru sandstone indicate porosity ranged from 7.07 to
17.77% and permeability from 2.2 to 46.79 mD. Ungar sandstones have porosity ranged
from 8.28 to 23.62% and permeability between 1.36 to 129.51 mD.

Migration Time
Relying on seismic interpretation, well data and regional tectonic, the Jurassic intervals
is considered as main reservoir target. The Jurassic interval consists of sandstone unit
which was deposited as shore-face to deltaic-fluvial deposits. Hydrocarbon came from
the Early-Middle Jurassic, Middle-Late Triassic and Late Permian source rocks. The
Plio-Pleistocene sediments were not considered source rocks due to maturity issue.
Late Jurassic to Late Eocene sequence sealed the Jurassic reservoirs, while the Middle
Miocene sealed by Late Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene sequence. The hydrocarbon
migrated and accumulated to the trap possibly related to the development of structures.

Trap
Based on regional knowledge, the most common hydrocarbon plays in the NW
Australian margin area are structural traps. The main play concept within the West
Yamdena Block is fold-related-fault. Four-way dip anticline and three-way dip closures
in the area are considered as the main play

The hydrocarbon traps within the West Yamdena Block mainly consist of structural
trap of fault block play, which is formed during Paleo-Mesozoic extension and might
be reactivated and inverted during the Pliocene Collision due to the locking effect
of fold and thrust belt (thick-skinned) force. Early Cretaceous sediments of Echuca
Shoals, Wai Ba and Flamingo Formations suggested being a regional seals of the area.
An intra-formational seal are also interpreted to be present in Wailuli (Late Jura–Early
Cretaceous) and Plover Formation (Early–Middle Jurassic).

DATA AVAILABILITY
 KASURI III BLOCK

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KASURI III BLOCK
The Kasuri III block is lies within the Late Cenozoic Bintuni Basin, covers of
approximately 752.4 km2. This asymmetric basin is largely filled with Pliocene and
Pleistocene sediments which underlying Miocene and older sediments dip from west
to east. Beneath the Pliocene there are 1000m of limestone and dolomites collectively
termed the New Guinea Limestone (NGLG). This group of Limestone comprises the Kais,
Faumai and Waripi Formation and these are mainly shallow water marine carbonate
containing very few reefs but several levels of extensive cavern development (mainly in
Faumai).

STRATIGRAPHY

Bintuni Basin stratigraphy formation begins with the deposition of Kemum the
Ordovician age-Devon. Litologinya form of metamorphic rocks. Kemum formation
lithology on a bedrock of Bintuni Basin.

In short, based on the correlation of regional and seismic interpretation; the three main
periods of geologic history of Eastern Indonesia and Northwestern Australia exposure
can be differentiated as follows.
1. The establishment of the Australian continent limits the Early Permian and
Mesozoic. This formation is the result of the break-up of Gondwana with Australian
separating continental mass to another, which is now known as the possibility of
India.
2. Followed by a period of passive continental boundaries that took place during Late
Mesozoic and Tertiary, and constantly until the Late Miocene.
3. Collision of tectonic plates was ongoing at the end of the Miocene between the
boundary of the continental Australia and Southeast Asia arc. During this period,
the islands in eastern Indonesia that is currently taking shape.

Differences in depositional environment from shelf to slope and then increases again
occurred in the Early Cretaceous. In the Cretaceous, Exposure Northwest and West
Papua is characterized by clastic sediment is rich in clay and tertiary sediment is
characterized by deposition of carbonate platform (Limestone New Guinea). The total
thickness of this section may be more than two kilometers. Both stratigraphic unit was
not contained in the Outer Banda Arc, Cretaceous and tertiary sludge is composed of
limestone and marl deep water that the thickness of only a few hundred meters away.

The spread graben at the Permian-Triassic focused on areas close to the continental
break-up line next. On the island of Timor and Ceram and the Banda Arc and Malita
Graben Vulcan Northwest Shelf, sediment Permian-Triassic reach a thickness of several
kilometers. In West Papua, the distribution of thick sediments of Permian-Triassic is
not so well known, but based on well data and seismic information and outcrop data,
indicate the presence of at least one of the Permian-Triassic graben. Outside graben,
part of the Permian-Triassic thinner and sometimes absent. The available evidence is of
the Arafura Shelf which indicates no graben Permian-Triassic in the area.

West Papua has significant sandstone unit in the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary age. In
this period, the limits of the continental Australia are generally very stable and not so
much experience changes in sedimentation patterns. The origin of the presence of this
sandstone is not well documented, but it is assumed that this unit is distinguished from
erosional area nearby derived from the results of the local minor tectonic.

PETROLEUM SYSTEM

Source Rock
Regionally, the potential source rocks in Bintuni Basin occur mainly in three zones:
Late Permian Ainim Formation continental shales and coals, Early to Middle Jurassic
formation restricted marine to continental shales and coals, and Tertiary marine
calcareous claystones and limestones of the Waripi Formation and New Guinea
Limestones Group.

Late Permian source rocks occur in the uppermost part of the rift sequence and underlie
the early post-rift Jurassic gas bearing reservoirs in the Bintuni Bay discovery well.

Early to Middle Jurassic source rocks represent the first sediments deposited following

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the onset of major transgressive cycle and comprise shales and coals deposited in
non-marine to marginal marine environments. Pyrolysis hydrogen indices exhibit major
variation (13-313), but are generally greater than 200 indicating mainly humic kerogen
maturity but with a significant oil-prone sapropelic component at present day maturity.
The Tertiary is not considered a significant source for Kasuri III area because the Jurassic
reservoirs, the primary target, are far below any tertiary source. Also, there is no evidence
of oil seeps in the Semai (Babo) area. Oil seeps are prevalent in conjunction with the
Miocene producing areas.

Based on the available eight (8) wells data, only two (2) wells that have geochemical
data which are WOS-1 & ASAP-1 wells. Based on those two data, the potential source
rock in the Kasuri III block coming from the Jurassic section.

Reservoir Rock
Mid Jurassic Roabiba sandstone is the major hydrocarbon reservoir of North Kasuri area.
Very good sandstone reservoir has been found in Jurassic rock stratum which is the
underlying formation of late Cenozoic Bintuni Basin. Most gas of Tangguh area exists
in Roabiba sandstone (mid Jurassic) which is of shore face neritic facies; while Ubadari
sandstone (mid-lower Jurassic), the combination facies of fluvial and marine facies
is also the major gas reservoir. The reservoirs have good lateral continuity, porosity
and permeability for the absence of Jurassic geotectogenesis in Bintuni Basin. All the
exploration activities in this area are centered on Roabiba sandstone.
Although the burial depth is over 4000m, Roabiba sandstone rich in quartzose may
have good permeability due to its depositional environment of shore facies, estuarine
facies and bay facies. Besides, large amount of abyssal Palaeocene deposit in Daram
contains gas-bearing turbidite and Permian Ainim contains large amount of gas-bearing
sandstone; they will be converted into effective gas reservoir after thorough fracturing.
The Kais Formation is another potential reservoir in the Bintuni Basin. This formation
is divided into two members: the porous Kais limestone and the Sekau member which
consists of “coral nodular limestones”. Limited oil was produced from the Sekau
member but the Kais limestone usually was fresh water bearing, and has poor reservoir
quality due to lack of permeability. The other potential is the Lower Steenkool formation
that is proven by Kido-1 well.

Migration Time
The relationship between the timing of hydrocarbon generation and migration is
important to the prospective of Kasuri III block. Over much of the area, thermal
maturation of the Jurassic and Permian source rocks is interpreted to have begun prior
to the 3 mya event that formed the prospective structures.

Within the central part of the Bintuni Basin (Berau Bay), the configuration and juxtaposition
of the Permian and Jurassic rocks has allowed for a very effective petroleum system to
develop. The Jurassic sands typically onlap the Permian Ainim section especially in the
deepest parts of the basin where maturity is highest. The tilted fault blocks of the Ainim
Formation that underlie the Jurassic have coals, in direct contact with various Jurassic
sands as they onlap the Permian. For a long time this configuration has provided a very
effective migration route for vast quantities of gas that have been able to pass directly
into various Jurassic sands. However tilting of the basin over the last 2 million years has
led not only to additional gas generation but also to continued movement of this gas as
evidenced by a number of features seen in the nearby Vorwata Gas field.

Large volumes of Permian gas have been generated beneath much of the Bintuni Basin.
This gas kitchen lies both beneath and immediately east of the Kasuri III Block. Gas
migration has been and still is predominantly directed toward the west and northwest
along structural noses and faults. The Kasuri III Block is perfectly placed to receive and
to still be receiving much of this gas. The good lateral continuity and permeability of the
Jurassic sands has allowed gas to be able to migrate distances well in excess of 50 km.

Trap
The regional seals exist in the Bintuni Basin, the Late Jurassic to Upper Eocene. The Late
Miocene and Recent Steenkool claystones, which seals the New Guinea Limestones oil
accumulations.

The Jass Formation of Bintuni Basin consists mainly of marine shales and shaly
carbonate with numerous thin sandstone beds. This cretaceous marine shale will form
an effective seal above Jurassic or older sections.

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

DATA AVAILABILITY
 TONGKOL BLOCK

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

TONGKOL BLOCK
The Tongkol Block is located in the East Natuna Basin, the area covers 583.98 km2
consists of offshore with a depth of the sea ranging from 100 meters. It has proven the
presence of hydrocarbons. but with moderate risk. There are no facilities around the
Tongkol Block.

STRATIGRAPHY

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Based on seismic interpretation, several play types can be identified in Tongkol Block
which consist of Four-way dip closure/Fault Independent-Downthrown and Carbonate
Build Up play.

Source Rock
Sample analyses from well data indicate that coals and coaly shales of the Arang
Formation in general are the richest source rock in the area. However, they are commonly
thermally immature, except in deeper basinal areas where it may become marginally
mature, therefore mature source rock expected in the axis of the sub-basin should be
done using well results, depositional modeling and seismic data.

Reservoir Rock
The potential objectives of reservoir at Oligocene Gabus sandstone, Lower Miocene
Arang sandstone, and Mid-Upper Miocene Terumbu carbonates, and possible fractured
Basement. The north-south normal fault trend could provide a good fault-dependent
play of both Miocene and Oligocene clastics. Meanwhile the proven build-ups of
Terumbu carbonates could also developed over the Tongkol Block

Trap
Most of the hydrocarbon accumulation are trapped in the structural closures such as
four-ways dip anticline, inverted anticline, rotated faults block, as well as combination
structure and stratigraphic closures.

DATA AVAILABILITY

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

EAST TANIMBAR BLOCK
THE EAST TANIMBAR BLOCK
The East Tanimbar Block is located in the Barakan Sub-Basin and covers 8242.81 km2.
It consists of offshore with a depth of sea ranging from 100 meters up to 700 meters.
The study results show the potential of hydrocarbons but with high risk. There are no
facilities around the East Tanimbar Block. Includes the frontier category area.

STRATIGRAPHY
The stratigraphy of Tanimbar Block is similar to the Northwest Australian Shelf Basin.
In general stratigraphy around Tanimbar basin can be subdivided into two mega-
sequences: Pre-rift Mega-sequences (clastic rocks Proterozoic and igneous rocks,
sequences of rocks of Lower Paleozoic Down, and Upper Paleozoic) and Tanimbar Basin
Mega-sequences (the sequence of Mesozoic and Tertiary carbonate and minor clastics).

PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Indications of hydrocarbons have not been found in the East Tanimbar until now.
Several wells drilled in this area (Barakan-1 Well and Koba-1 Well) did not show any
indications of hydrocarbons. However, some areas around the East Tanimbar indicate
the presence of hydrocarbons, such as the giant Abadi gas field and gas seepage in the
Yamtimur area and oil shown in the Arafura-1 wells in the Arafura Basin. The presence
of hydrocarbons in the areas around the East Tanimbar provide opportunities that
hydrocarbon accumulation has occurred in the East Tanimbar areas.

Source Rock
Refers to the geochemical data of Barakan-1 Well, the sedimentary rocks that take a
role as source rock in the East Tanimbar area are Cambrian to Jurassic shales that have
approximately 0.48% average total organic content (TOC), with 4 analyzed samples
provide TOC of more than 0.5%.

Thermal maturity data indicates that Ro value ranges between 0.67%-0.97% as a

characteristic of mature category. On the other hand, the hydrogen index (HI) value is no
more than 94 which indicates that kerogen of source rocks is type III (gas prone). Based
on the data from analyzed samples with TOC more than 0.5% and RO ranges from
0.67%-0.97%, it can be concluded that shales of Wessel Formation have good potential
as source rock. On the other hand, the analysis of field samples indicate that the TOC
of the Pre-Tertiary shale ranged between 0.12%-10%, while the hydrogen Index (HI) has
a maximum value of 280. This shows that the kerogen from the Pre-Tertiary shales in
the Tanimbar Islands are also gas prone (Type III). However, the VR maximum value of
the sample field is 0.44 which indicates the thermal maturity level of being towards the
mature category.

Regionally source rocks derived from Yura-shale aged land/sea ships equivalent to
bottom Plane Formation flakes with TOC average of about 2%.

A good source rock is found at depths of more than 3000m with type III of kerogen
(gas prone). The time of hydrocarbon generation is expected to begin at the end of
Cretaceous to the beginning of Cretaceous, while gas started to undergo migration at a
burial depth of 3400m (Akutsu, 2010)

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

Reservoir Rock
The most potential rock as a candidate for reservoir are Plover Formation sandstones
(Jurassic). This rock has a porosity of 13% with permeability measured in Abadi-1 well of
610 mD.

Another potential reservoir candidate is a sandstone of Cretaceous unit-4 sequence

(Albian-Turonian), which is partially volcanic but has porosity around 20% to 25%. Several
layers of Late Cretaceous to Miocene sandstones and limestones are also known to
have potential as quite good reservoir candidates.

The sedimentary rocks identified as seals in the trap systems are claystones of Middle-
Late Jurassic Montara Formation and claystones of Late Cretaceous Wangarlu Formation.
While the potential of claystones from Miocene-Pleistocene Klasafet Formation are still
qestionable as there is no tertiary play that have been proven to produce hydrocarbons,
although the quite good reservoir and closure structures are identified in the study area.

Traps and Migration

Hydrocarbons Traps in East Tanimbar area are generally estimated as inversion
anticlines (Figure-V.6) formed during the Neogene collision phase. The compression
forces during these collisions result in reactivation of old structures formed during
graben charging (Charlton, 2001), and subsequently produced fold structures that can
act as hydrocarbon traps. Stratigraphic traps or combination model of structure and
stratigraphy is also estimated to be quite developed, especially in the carbonates build
up and pinch-out sands.

Migration path way generally is in the form of a fault that cuts the source rock of
hydrocarbon producer and reservoir rock in the trap system and also through the carrier
bed that is up dip from source rock to reservoir rock in the trap system.

DATA AVAILABILITY
 MEMBERAMO BLOCK

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

MEMBERAMO BLOCK
Memberamo block is located in the Memberamo Raya, Waropen, and Yapen Islands
Districs, Papua Province. The block consist of onshore and offshore area, covers of
7783 km2 area.

Relief of topography and water depth of Memberamo Block. The relief range from
0-75m. Whereas the water depth range from 0-800m.

The Memberamo Block is located in the Cendrawasih Basin and Basin of Memberamo
which is a sedimentary basin in the presence of hydrocarbon indications. The position
of the Memberamo Block based on the gravity map is an area that mostly has a low
gravity value.

There are several exploration wells indicating hydrocarbon indications of R-1, H-1,
Niengo-1, Otus-1, and Gesa-1 & 2 wells. These data indicate that the petroleum system
works in the Memberamo Block.

STRATIGRAPHY

PETROLEUM SYSTEM

Source Rock
The source rock and thermal maturity of the Auwewa Formation, the Darante Formation,
the Makats Formation are good and mature rocks, while the Mamberano Formation
(Member D) is immature. The HI value <460 indicates the gas category. The spread
of Miocene main rock extends to the northern regions until the possibility of mature
kitchen area development. The potential is still questionable, however based on Iroran-1
- geochemical analysis, Pleistocene & Miocene section shows up to 2% TOC even more
than 2% in Miocene section.

Reservoir Rock
The potential reservoirs are deep marine turbidite of the Plio-Pleistocene Mamberamo
Formation. Mid Miocene Limestone of Darante Formation and Plio-Pleistocene
Limestones of Hollandia Formation which are deposited on marginal highs and reefs
grow as the sea level rise are also possible targets. Fractured Basement are possible
reservoirs as well.

Trap and Migration

Rock trap and rock cover migrations built by trap structures (anticlines and fault rises)
as well as stratigraphic trap. Stratigraphic trap is seen in sedimentary rocks that mean
turbidite and carbonate rocks are thinned to the north. Trap in the formation of the
Auwewa Formation, the Darante Formation, and the Makats Formation at Niengo High
and onlap formations over the bedrock. Trap structures formed in the fold and cesarean
lines rise due to the strong compressional phase of Pliocene and Plistocene which is
heading north. The oblique convergence between the Australian and Pacific plates
led to the compressional or strike-slip structural features. Regional faults are mostly
deep seated faults encouraging rollover anticlines.In the area & surrounding exhibits
numerous HC indications, mostly seeps. Migration along fault planes is considered as
the primary vertical mechanism.

DATA AVAILABILITY

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

Gross Split PSC (Regulation of MEMR Number 8/2017)
The Contractor obtains an "additional% split" from the split base, depending on the component, as follows:
A. Variable Components
No. Characteristics Parameters Additional Splits No. Characteristics Parameters Additional Splits

1. Working Area POD I 5% 7. H2S content x <100 0%

Status (x : ppm)
POD II 0% 100<x<300 0.5%

POD F 0% 300<x<500 0.75%

No POD -5% x>500 1%

2. Field location Onshore 0% 8. Crude Oil Specific <25 1%

(h : sea depth in Gravity (API)
Offshore (0<h<20) 8% >25 0%
meters)
Offshore (20<h<50) 10% 9. Level of domestic x<30 0%
components in
Offshore (50<h<150) 12% field of 30<x<50 2%
development 50<x<70 3%
Offshore (150<h<1000) 14%
period (x : %)
Offshore (h>10000) 16% 70<x<100 4%

3. Reservoir depth <2500 0% 10. Production Primier 0%

(in meters) phase
>2500 1% Sekunder 3%

4. Availability of Well Developed 0% Tertier 5%

supporting
infrastucture New Frontier 2%
B. Progresive Components
5. Reservoir Conventional 0%
condition No. Characteristics Parameters Additional Splits
Unconventional 16%

6. <5 0% 1. Crude oil price <40 7.5%

CO2 content
(x : %) 40<x<55 5%
5<x<10 0.5%

10<x<20 1% 55<x<70 2.5%

20<x<40 1.5% 70<x<85 0%

40<x<60 2% 85<x<100 (2.5%)

x>60 4% 100<x<115 (5%)

>115 (7.5%)

2. Oil & Gas <1 5%

cumulative
1<x<10 4%
production
10<x<20 3%

20<x<50 2%

50<x<150 1%

x>150 0%
 Gross Split PSC Calculator Guidance
(Base Split Contractor for Oil (43%) and Gas (48%)

Block Name :

No. Characteristics Parameters Splits

Oil Gas
A. Base Split
(43%) (48%)

B. Variable Components Additional Split

1. Working Area status POD I/POD II/PODF/No POD

2. Field location (if offshore, sea depth in meters) Onshore/Offshore

3. Reservoir depth (in meters) <2500 or >2500

4. Availability of supporting Infrastructure Well Developed/New Frontier

5. Reservoir condition Conventional/Unconventional

6. CO2 content (%)

7. H2S content (ppm)
8. Crude Oil Specific Gravity (API)

INDONESIA Conventional Oil and Gas Bidding First Round 2017

9. Level of domestic components in field of development period (%)

10. Production phase Primier/Sekunder/Tertier

C. Progressive Components
1. Crude oil price
2. Oil & Gas cumulative production

Estimated Contractor’s Final Split (A+B+C)

 For Further Information, please contact:
Secretariat of Tender Committee/Evaluation Committee
Gedung Migas, 7th Floor
Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Kav.B-5, Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
Phone. +62-21 5268910 ext. 132, 135, 136, Fax +62-21-5268963
email: dmew.konvensional@esdm.go.id

www.migas.esdm.go.id