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Presented By: Vishakha Nathani M.Sc. Geology
Presented By: Vishakha Nathani M.Sc. Geology
VISHAKHA NATHANI
M.Sc. GEOLOGY
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CONTENT
Dharwar Craton – introduction and its extension
Classification
Difference between WDC and EDC
Western Dharwar Craton
Eastern Dharwar Craton
Lithology
Dharwar supracrustal rocks
Sargur Group
Bababudan Group
Chitradurga Group
Greenstone belts
Younger granites
Closepet granite
Regional structure
Metamorphism
Life
Economic importance of dharwarian rocks
Summary
Reference 2
INTRODUCTION
The Archaean Dharwar Carton covering an area of about 4.5 lakh (0.45
million) km2 , the available geochronological ages spanning between 3.4 and
2.0 b.y.a. highlights the major early Precambrian events in the Craton and
The term Dharwar (Karnataka) Craton was introduced by the geological
survey of India in 1978..
It is bounded to the south by the Pan- African Pandyan mobile belt (PMB); to
the north by the end- Cretaceous Deccan Trap underlain and fringed by the
Proterozoic (Purana) Kaldgi and Bhima basins.
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The contact between WDC and EDC is not sharp, and there is a
transition zone between the Chitradurga Shear Zone and Closepet
Granite.
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DISTRIBUTION OF ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF
CRATONS Dharwar Craton
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CLASSIFICATION
The classification has been given by J. Swami Nath, M.
Ramakrishnan and M. N. Viswanathan in 1976 resulted in a
holistic stratigraphic model which was backed by a 1:500,000
scale geological map published in 1981.
Essential features of this classification (Swami Nath and
Ramakrishan 1981) are the following (Table 3D-2)
Dharwar Craton was divided for the first time into two tectonic
blocks WDC and EDC.
{Ramakrishnan and R. Vaidyanadhan (2010) vol I geology of India PG
NO 103}
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WESTERN DHARWAR CRATON
Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) is occupied by vast areas of Peninsular Gneiss along with two
prominent super belts of
Bababudan – Western Ghats- Shimoga and
Chitradurga- Gadag belonging to the Dharwar Super Group.
WDC is bounded by EDC in east, Arabian Sea in west, to the south by a transition into
the southern-granulite terrain and the north is buried under younger sediments and the
Cretaceous Deccan Traps.
Sargur Group of rocks have been deposited during 3130-2960 m.y.(3.1 – 2.9 by) .
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DHARWAR SUPERGROUP
Table 1: Regional stratigraphy of WDC (after Swami Nath and Ramkrishnan 1981)
Proterozoic mafic dyles
Charnockites (2500-2600 Ma)
Younger granites (2600 Ma)
The EDC is bounded to the north by the Deccan Traps and the BastarCraton, to the
east by the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, and to the south by the Southern Granulite
Terraine .
The supracrustal belts of the EDC are smaller in size than those of the western blocks
which are surrounded by gneisses and granites.
“older greenstone belts” that are either older or equivalent to the Bababudan Group of
the western block. Metabasalts from Kolar schist belt indicating that they are
contemporaneous with the Chitradurga Group of the western block (WDC).
OLDER GNIESS: Recognizable areas of older gneisses are not widespread in the EDC in
contrast to their extensive development in WDC.
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TABLE 2, SIMPLIFIED STRATIGRAPHY OF ARCHAEAN
DHARWAR CRATON
{RAMAKRISHNAN AND R. VAIDYANADHAN (2010) VOL I GEOLOGY OF INDIA } PG NO 104
Chitradurga Group
Kolar Group
2600-2800 Ma
Dharwar Yashwantanagar Formation
SuperGroup
Bababudab Group -----------------------------------
~ 3000 ma ----- unconformity ---- Enclaves of older gneiss
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YOUNGER DHARWAR SUPERGROUP
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BABABUDAN GROUP
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CHITRADURGA GRANITE
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YOUNGER GRANITES IN WDC
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EASTERN DHARWAR CRATON
The contact between WDC and EDC is not sharply defined, although the
Chitradurga Boundary Fault is taken as a convenient and conspicuous
marker.
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GREENSTONE BELTS OF DHARWAR SUPER GROUP
Lolar-Kadiri-Jonnagiri-Hutti Superbelt
Veligallu-Raichur-Gadwal superbelt
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YOUNGER INTRUSION IN EDC
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CLOSE PET GRANITE
The liner belt of Closepet Granite is having a length of nearly 500 kms
and an average width of 20-25 Kms. They are the most prominent of the
younger granite.
close pet granite is a unique linear arcuate body consisting of diverse
granitic type.
The most characteristic rock type of this class is coarse-grained
porphyritic granite with large-sized pophyroblasts of pink and grey
potash feldspar.
Grey and pink porphyritic gneisses are also very common.
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REGIONAL STRUCTURE
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METAMORPHISM
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LIFE
OVERALL STRUCTURE
• EXTENSIVE FOLDING
• FAULTING AND INTENSE METAMORPHISM.
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ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
OF
DHARWARIAN ROCKS
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SUMMARY
The Dharwar Craton is one of the best-studied terrains of Peninsular India, and
is renowned for its greenstone/schist belts, grey gneisses, charnockites and
younger granites.
Dharwar Craton was divided for the first time into two tectonic blocks WDC
and EDC.
Dharwar ‘System’ in WDC was Grouped into two orogenic cycles separated in
time viz., the older Sargur Group (3100-3300 Ma) and the younger Dharwar
SuperGroup (2600-28000 Ma).
Sargur and Dharwar successions are separated by deformed angular
unconformities at Bababudan, Sigegudda, Jayachamarajapura (J.C. Pura) and
Chatti Hosahalli. Elsewhere (Hole Narasipura Mayasandra), the two
successions are folded together into parallelism during the younger Dharwar
orogeny.
In EDC, younger granitites dominate, with subordinate gneisses, together
constituting the Dharwar batholiths. The batholiths intrudes wholesale the
various units of Dharwar sequence (2600-2800 Ma)
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The contact between WDC and EDC is not sharply defined, although the
Chitradurga Boundary Fault is taken as a convenient and conspicuous
marker
The greenstone belts of EDC from linear arrays of what may be called
superbelts or composite belts that extent underneath the Cuddapah basin.
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REFERENCES
Ramakrishnan and R. Vaidyanadhan (2010) volume I Geology of India
published by the geological society of India PB 1922 Gavipuram, (PP. 99-180).
D.N. Wadia, Geology of India 4th add., Publ. by The Macmillian company ltd.
Canada (PP. 60-70).
Krishnan, M.S. (1982) Geology of India and Burma, C.B.S. Publ. and
Distributors, Delhi.
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