Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Steel Arch Bridge Construction 12
Steel Arch Bridge Construction 12
Cons/ruction of Steel
Arch Bridges 9
MIIDERII
CIINSTRUCnll1l ..
PUblished by VOLUME xv I NUMBER 2 I SECOND QUARTER 1975
American Institute
of Steel Construction CONTENTS
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York. N,Y. 10020 Fifty Year Development:
Construction of Steel Arch Bridges 3
AISC Regional Engineering Staff 16
O ~" ICER S
Of .
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
St. Louis, Missouri
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
San Francisco, california
Seattle, Washington
Competition rules are available from AISC, 1221 Avenue
Syracuse, New York
the Ame!'icas, New York, N.Y. 10020. Entries must be post-
Washington, District of Columbia marked prior to August 29, 1975.
...- - -
Q ::r Cl..
rn
:» '<
0
-l
0
e- rn C/} CO
-
rn
OJ c-.> ~
'< ......
OJ
......
(""')
::r ,..., VI :::l
CO rn
OJ
(""') OJ :z
G)
c::r
VI
~
::r :::l
Cl.. (""')
rn :z
Cl.. ~
rn
,...,
,...,
~
-0.
......
rn
:::l
......
CO :::u 0
<: ~
rn :::l :z
G)
:::>
......
0 0
"0
rn '- ......
::r
C>
C rn
•
:::u
:z
:»
r-
•
Please enter my subscription to the AISC ENGI NEERI NG JOURNAL
U. S. and Canada
1 Year $5.00
3 Years $12.50
Other Countries
Year $ 6.00
1 3 Years $1500
·Payable .n U. S. Fund$
Payment must be enclosed with thIS order.
Make chec~s payable to AISC.
ADORlSS
.......
Q)
en
en
Q)
•
"'C
-a::::
c..:» L&.I ~
c:c
-= .-c: .......=
10..
en L&.I :z
- -
Q)
Q)
b4 u c: c:c :z a::::
Q
= en
= ~
-
>0.. :::::)
,..... ....... 10.. Q)
:z
- .c
Q) Q Q
"'C en ~ ....... L&.I
•
dlZ AHINnOJ ' 31V1S
SS3HOOV
fiRST ClASS
PERM IT No. 62<l38
NEW YORK. N, Y
-
;.
--~-- -;.:-~~
:-'"~
Fig. l.-EadB Bridge, erection with. tieback cables (Courtesy 0/ J08eph E . Vollmar, Jr. )
•
method of erection.
Reprinted with permission from the March 197 5 The bridge was built without fal se-
Issue of the Journal of the Construction Divi·
sian-Proceedings of the American SOCiety of work by cantilevering out from the piers
Civil EnKineers (Vol. 101, Proceedings Paper
11187). in counterbalanced stages. A temporary
•
measured to an accuracy of less than
and with it a reliance on exact mathe- blend into the natural surroundings,
'!ii-in. in several thousand feet. The
matical calculations, the analysis and but it also reduces maintenance and
present surveying instruments combine
technique of materials, and modern eliminates first-time paint costs.
the capa bilities of a theodolite, a dis-
methods of bridge construction .
tance measuring device, a small elec- Shop Fabrication-The two most revo-
With the possible exception of the
tronic computer, and a tape punch lutionary developments in shop fabrica-
Honeymoon Bridge near Niagara Falls,
recorder-all in one instrument. At the tion are the use of numerically con·
the concept, procedure, and equipment
touch of a button, everything is done trolled (N / C) equipment and welding.
used on the Eads Bridge remained un-
automatically, i.e., atmospheric correc- While the full effects of N/C drilling
improved upon in arch bridge construc-
tion , signal strength changes, calibra- are just beginning to be realized, weld-
tion for 40 years. However, with the
tion, and slope changes. Substantial ing has already had an enormous im-
construction of two major bridges in
savings and greater accuracy have been pact o~ field construction .
New York City-the Hell Gate Bridge
the end result. The N/ C equipment ca n trace its be-
in 1916 and the Bayonne Bridge 15
years later, there began a period of ginning to the 18th century, when a
Aesthetics-The bridge engineer is also
French engi neer developed a loom con-
remarkable accomplishment. The ac- deeply concerned about aesthetics. Due
complishments have culminated in re- trolled by an endless chain of perfo-
to improved materials, connectors, and
cent years with the jacking of the Fre· rated wooden ca rds. However, it was
equipment the engineer has had greater
mont Bridge in Oregon and the con- not until the early 1950's that the first
success in fitting his bridge into the
true automatically controlled machine
struction of the New River Gorge Bridge surrounding terrain. The steel bridges
tool, a milling machine, was developed.
in West Virginia. The intervening steps of today express the dominant spirit of
This machine had the facility for re-
have led to enormous changes and ad- the material-its simplicity, its strength,
membering a set of instructions, which
vances in bridge engineering, materials, its power, and its beauty of form.
controlled the speed and feed rates of
application, and construction.
Material-The grades of steel have un- the milling cutters.
Major Developments dergone a significant change. It has Recently, the industry has seen the
only been 100 years since the use of quantity and application of N/ C ma-
Computer-The greatest impact in the steel was initiated in bridge construc- chines expand at an impressive rate,
area of engineering has been the de- tion. In the early part of this century, especially in the area of drilling. It has
•
velopment of the electronic computer. the designer was limited to carbon, been demonstrated that the N/ C drill-
The computer has liberated the engi- chromium, nickel, and silicon steel. A ing machine can produce a superior
neer. No longer is he bound by mun- chromium steel was the first of the quality product at less cost than by
dane mathematical calculations that high·strength steels. It helped to re- traditional methods. Accuracy, repeti-
tiveness, and consistency are all more Welding has many advantages. The the new American Association of State
easily obtainable with numerical con- more important ones include reduced Highway Transportation Officials specifi-
trol. Shop assembly of field connec- weight, economy, rigidity, appearance, cations.
tions is no longer required. The N/C adaptability, efficiency, and the silence
equipment has revolutionized certain of the welding operation. Erection-Over the past 50 years, the
areas of fabrication and its potential is methods of erecting have vastly im-
still unlimited . High-Strength 601t- The high-strength proved the efficiency, time, and safety
Fifty years ago arc welding was little bolt also has had a tremendous impact of bridge construction. The equipment
more than a tool for repairing ma- in the area of connecting steels. The and the contractor's method of erection
chinery. Progress was slow due to lack principal fastener in steel construction, have repeatedly been improved upon
of suitable electrodes and welding until after World War II. was the hot- and perfected.
power sources. Its use in manufactur- driven rivet. However, with the forma- Three general methods concerning
ing and fabricating was regarded with tion of the Research Council on Riveted bridge erection have developed in re-
suspicion. However, as welding ma- and Bolted Structural Joints in 1947, gard to supporting the structure while
chines, electrodes, and knowledge of the high-strength bolt soon became the it is being built: (1) falsework; (2) us-
welding techniques improved, this sus- prime fastener of structural steel. The ing some sort of tieback system during
picion gradually disappeared. Finally, ASTM A325 bolt provides joints of the cantilevering operation; and (3)
during the 1950's, welding began to be equal or greater strength than rivets at various special schemes, e.g., the float-
used in the fabrication and erection of a considerable savings in both time and in, jacking, and lifting.
•
a material with exceptionally good ten- jacks were able to move the ends of suspended from the arch ribs by wire
sile load-carrying capabilities. each cantilever a distance of 22V2 in. rope hangers.
Various special erection schemes The erection cranes (stiffleg der- At the start of fabrication, the con-
have been used successfully. The re- ricks), which traveled along the top tractor offered to substitute a new type
cent jacking of the 6,000-ton Fremont chords, were capable of lifting the of steel. This offer was accepted and
arch span makes it one of the most heaviest pieces, which weighed up to this new steel was used in place of the
remarkable events in the history of 185 tons each. After the arch was com- expensive nickel steel that had been
bridge building. A smaller arch, over pleted, the deck was hung below it. specified for the bottom chord of the
Rondout Creek, near Kingston, N.Y., This bridge carried the steel arch to arch truss. This steel, a carbon-man-
had its rib sections jacked up from a new dimensions of span length and ganese type, was about 50% stronger
barge on specially designed towers. weight and was, indeed, a monumental than carbon steel and considerably
The enormous changes and develop- undertaking at the time. Hell Gate held cheaper than the nickel steel.
ments in arch construction can prob- the record span length for 16 years The wire ropes supporting the sus-
ably best be explored and understood until the construction of the Bayonne pended deck were galvanized and de-
by reviewing the actual construction of Bridge. signed for minimum elongation rather
several representative arch bridges. Engineer: Gustav lindenthal
than strength. These ropes .were "pre-
While this paper will not cover all the Fabricator-Erector: American Bridge Div " stretched," a new process, before cut-
United States Steel
structures worthy of analysis, it will ting. Because of the prestretching and
present an overall view of the devel- the accuracy of the enti re rope manu-
opment of steel arch bridge construc- Tacony·Palmyra Bri dge (Completed 1929) facturing process, only a small amount
tion. The opening of the Tacony-Palmyra of shims were required to adjust for
Bridge in Philadelphia, Pa., was cele- erection tolerances.
Repre sentative St ructures brated as a great occasion. However, the The bridge was built by cantilevering
building of this 550-ft tied trussed arch each half from its abutment with trav-
Hell Gate Bridge (Completed 1916) should have been noted in the history elers mounted on the truss top chords.
The Hell Gate Bridge was the prelude books as an occurrence that was little There were 10 steel falsework bents
to this period of development in arch understood or appreciated at that time. used to support the arch halves. These
bridge construction. It was heralded as The 18-in. I-beam hangers, which bents were placed and released succes-
•
a "triumph of modern bridge engineer- supported the tie and the deck road- sively as erection proceeded toward the
ing" and a "truly monumental bridge." way, cracked lafter only a few : month's center of the river. Transfer of load
The bridge spans the East River in of service due to wind vibrations. It from one bent to another was done by
New York City and has a 977-ft span. was reported that the failures were due jacks located in the falsework bents.
•
SECOND QUARTER 1975 7
•
•
8 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION
•
rib carries laced box columns that sup- blocks and the forestays went out from Sl Georges Bridge (Completed 1941)
port the deck girders. the bent top to connections on the A different arch type was introduced at
The two halves of the arch were arch. The forward ties were connected the crossing of the Chesapeake and Del·
cantilevered from the abutments on to the rib sections by bar and pin aware Canal near St. Georges, Del, The
steel adjustable falsework bents (Fig. devices that allowed shortening and consulting engineers designed a 540-ft
4). Those bents over water were sup- lengthening of the tie lengths in in· span solid-rib tied arch with an extreme-
ported on steel piles located inside crements of one in . ly stiff tie and a shallow rib, The stan·
steel cages. The piles were driven Transferring the stra nds from one dard design practice up until this time
through slots in the framework of the point of rib attachment to the next was had been for the rib to be considerably
cages that served as submarine brac- a slow and tedious process. Each suc- heavier and stronger than the tie,
ing. This piling was a large improve- cessive strand group was designed to The erector took advantage of this
ment over the wooden pi les used just create a minimum of interference so stiffness in the erection scheme. The
five years earl ier on the Bayonne Bridge. that one set of long strands could be bridge was erected by utiliz ing false-
Also, the falsework bent was made up pulled forward past a connected set. work on one side of the river and
from standard reusable sections. The strands were pulled forward by a cantilever erection involving a tieback
Since the main channel of the river continuous haul-line that ran from the on the other side. With the stronger
had to be left free of falsework, the hoisti ng engine up over the top of the tie, the erection required less false-
contractor supported the ends of the cable bent down to the abutment, out work since the tie could cantilever over
cantilever arch halves by a toggle tie- to a snatch block at the rib connection , a longer distance without support and
back system . A steel bent was built on and then back to another drum on the could also carry heavier erection equip-
top of the arch at a location direclly hoist. A loose tie strand would first be ment. Also, additional savings resulted
over the outermost falsework bent. This attached to this haul·line near the from less overall weight and from the
bent supported a light tiebar system of abutment and then pulled by the haul· milling of compression splices in the
forestays and backstays that held both line out through the strands already lighter smaller rib.
the cantilever arch sections and also connected to the new rib connection . Engineer: Parsons, Klapp, Brincke,hoff & DoUal.s
a traveler that was used to lift and Pulling the tie strands to the actual Fabricator-Erector: Phoenix Bridae Comp.ny
place the steel sections. After comple- connection and adjusting them to
•
tion of the arch ribs, the deck girders length was done by a special arrange- Fort Pitt Bridge (Completed 1957)
were erected as the traveler backed off ment of falls that were pinned to the The Fort Pitt Bridge is a 750·ft, double
the arch. adjustable links, Cable stresses were deck truss-tied arch which spans the
Engi neer: 0 , B. Steinm.n
measured by a special dynamometer Monongahela River at Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fabricator·Erector: American Bridge Oiv., clamped to the tie strand near the top The bridge carries four lanes of one·
United Slates Steel
of the cable bent. Handling these fore- way traHic on each level and utilizes
stay strands was the most cosily single
Rainbow Bridge (Completed 1941) shallow box sections as arch ribs and a
One of the most spectacular deck arch item in the erection sequence. 25-ft deep truss as a tie. Most of the
Due to the inherent requirements of main members were fabricated with
bridges is the Rainbow Bridge at Ni-
agara Falls. This bridge is a SOlid-rib a fixed arch for predetermined mo- high-strength carbon-manganese steel
deck arch and has a span of 950 ft. ments and forces, closure operations (ASTM A440),
The arch rib is a riveted steel box 12 at the crown required a heavy jacking The final design was based on the
ft deep with an additional horizontal and alining device . This device con - analysis of a structure that was inde·
plate at mid-depth. Closed-box type sisted of two 500-ton jacks mounted terminate to the 15th degree, the un-
columns, supported by the arch rib, along the top flange and two along the knowns being the 14 hanger stresses
carry the deck. The solid rib section bottom flange and an alinement guide and the arch thrust. On earlier struc-
was chosen instead of a trussed rib that connected to the bottom flange. tures, the solving of this many simul-
because of its architectural simplicity. After the installation of the keystone taneous equations would have taken
However, this early concern for aesthe- piece, the deck system and its columns several man-weeks. With the use of the
tics led to a very slender or flexible were erected by the traveler derricks as computer, which was still in its infancy,
arch in which secondary stresses had they moved backward down the ribs the mechanical solution was performed
(Fig. 5). in two hours. (Today, that same mechan-
to be considered .
Due to the condition of the river This bridge, the largest hingeless ical solution would take less than one
bottom, a cable tieback system was arch span at the time it was built, was minute.1 The erector also util ized the
chosen as the most economical way to one of the first to utilize a specially computer to insure that the structure
fabricated keystone piece. Construction conformed to the correct geometrica I
support the cantilever arms. The tie·
back system consisted of a steel bent involved an elaborate cable tieback outlines as erection progressed, to ob-
made from permanent steel, which was system including stress measurement, tain proper fit-up of the wire suspenders,
• placed on the forward end of the con- which was a definite advancement over rib, and tie at closing.
crete approach viaduct. The backstay previous tieback systems. The bridge was built by supporting
tie strands went from the top of the the truss tie on successive stages of
Enlineer: Waddell and Hardesty
bent back 350 ft to concrete anchor Fabricator-Erector: Bethlehem Steel CorporatIon falsework which were located out to the
•
lowered by jacks to close the rib. forward or backward or to either side . days later.
The arch halves were supported dur-
Enaineer: Richardson, Gordon & Associates ing erection by a tieback system. The Engineer: U. S. Bureau of Reclamation
Fabricator-Erector: American Bridge Oi ..... Fabricator: Judson Pacific Murphy Corporation
United States Steel tieback towers, located about 150 ft Erector: Kiewit-Judson Pacific Murphy
•
strength bolts were utilized in the field
connections .
The consulting engineer made exten·
sive use of the computer in several of
the design phases. It was advantageous
to be able to reanalyze the entire arch
with a minimum of effort for each
change in the design. The erector
also made use of the computer in pre·
paring the erection scheme.
The south arch was first erected by
use of falsework bents. The north arch
was built by cantilevering its north
half Irom lalsework bents while the
south hall cantilever arm was held by
a tieback to the south arch that was
already built. All steel was erecte d
from the river by mea ns of a Iloating
derrick.
EnlinNr: Hazelet & Erd.1
Fabricator: R. C. McM.hon Company
Erector: J. F. Beasley Construction Company
•
bolts. The bridge consists of riveted box
girder spans supported by a solid·ribbed
deck arch. The arch spa ns 1,000 ft be·
tween skewbacks in the gorge.
•
SECOND QUARTER 1975 II
•
As on several other recently tied the tooth gear acted to close the gap. unit is unbolted and moved to the new
arches, the tie for this bridge is con- Consequently, when the full load of the point. As the unit is moved, the length
siderably stiffer than the rib and car- last piece was on the structure, the rib 01 the ropes are automatically ex-
ries a sUbstantial portion of the live- was basically closed without jacking. tended, thereby providing a very simple
load moments. This extra depth of the Ensineer: Richardson, Gordon & Associates
and inexpensive method of adjusting
tie allowed the erector to first erect and Fabricators: PittSbU'fh-Des Moines Steel Company the lorestay cables.
Bristol 5 eel Company
close the tie portion of the arch prior Erector: American Bridge Dill " United States Steel Ensineer: Howard, Needles, Tammen & Bergendoff
•
to working on the rib. Fabricator- Erector: Allied Structural Steel Co.
The arch tie was erected by using
falsework bents to support the initial Snake River Bridge (Scheduled 1976)
tie sections and then cantilevering the A 993-ft trussed deck arch is presently Hew River Gorge Bridge (Scheduled 1976)
remainder of the tie section halves over being built to carry United States High- The world's longest arch bridge, New
the main channel of the river. The tie way 93 over Snake River near Twin Falls, River Gorge, is presently being built in
sections were erected by cranes Idaho. The arch has a rise of 210 It and West Virginia (Fig. 10). This bridge is
mounted on barges. In order not to supports the center portion of a 1,500-ft 3,030 It in length and consists of two
block the main channel for more than long girder roadway. Since both types of 34-ft roadways supported by 18-ft deep
a few minutes during erection of the the high-strength steels used have a cor- deck trusses. The deck trusses are di-
closing piece, a tie landing device was rosion resistance of four times that of vided into three continuous units. Two
utilized to erect this final 150-ft sec- carbon structural steel, the bridge will of the units serve as the approach struc-
tion. This device consisted of beams not have to be painted. tures and are supported by welded box
attached to the top flange of the clos- The arch truss is being erected by column bents anchored into the moun-
ing section . Each beam was cantilev- cantilevering each half from its skew- tainside. The box columns are tapered,
ered out beyond the end of the closing back. The cantilever arms are sup- with the tallest nearly 400 It in height.
section so that it would come to rest ported by an ingenious tieback system . The remaining deck unit is supported
on the previously erected portion of the The arch is light enough so that the by similar column bents mounted on a
tie. This device not only provided im- forestay cables can be made up of truss arch.
mediate support for the last tie section three or four parts of 1¥l oin. diam wire The truss arch has a span of 1,700
without having to wait for the splice to rope. These cables stretch from the It and varies in depth from 53 ft near
be completed, but also allowed the en- arch tieback panel point back and up the skewbacks to 34 It at its center.
tire tie to be jacked longitudinally to to the river end of the approach girders. The center of the arch is 800 ft above
eliminate the closing clearance. The ropes are essentially endless in the bottom of the gorge. The truss
The erection of the last rib section that one part stretches from a hoisting chords are welded boxes up to 6 It in
was accomplished by a similar device engine drum up to a set of sheaves on depth, with web plates up to 4 in. in
(Fig. 9). This rib landing device was the girder, down to a sheave unit on thickness. All of the material in the
mounted on each end of the closing the arch, and back to the sheave on bridge is unpainted corrosion-resistant
rib piece and acted as a one-tooth gear. the girders as many times as required steel (ASTM A588). Du ring the design,
As this last piece was entered into its to obtain the necessary strength. To the engi neer used the compu ter to •
position and as the 10M was trans- move the tieback cables forward to a analyze stress patterns and determine
ferred from the rig to the adjacent ribs, new position on the arch, the sheave the final geometric shape.
assembly with a sizable cost savings bents will start from the center and York, N.Y., 1956.
for the owner. move toward the approach spans. Bruce , W. H" and Kring , C. V" "How St.
Georges Tied Arch was Erected, " Engineer·
The field material handling system En8ineer: Michael Baker. Jr., Inc. ing-News Record, Vol. 128, No. 1, January
consists of twin 3,500-ft cableways Fabricator-Erector: American Bridge Div" 1, 1942, pp. 26-28.
United States Steel
with two main cables suspended over "Cables Carry Niagara Arch to Closure ,"
the gorge from 330-ft towers. Each Engineering-News Record, Vol. 127, No. 9,
cableway has a 50-ton capacity. The Conclusions August 28, 1941 , pp. 288-293.
cables are continuous over sheaves that The two longest span arch bridges " Closing a 1652-FI. Steel Arch Bridge 2SO-
are mounted at the top of the towers were built at opposite ends of the 50- Ft. Off Center, " Engineering-News Record,
year period that is covered in this paper. Vol. lOS, October 23, 1930, pp. 640-64S.
and run down to anchorages located
700 ft behind the towers. Each tower These two bridges illustrate several of Feidler , L. L" "Erection of the Lewlston-
Queenston Bridge," Civil Englneer;ng,
can be luHed 36 ft to each side by the significant changes in arch bridge ASCE, Vol. 32, No. 11 , Nov., 1962, pp.
adjustable luffing guys. The first line construction that have developed over SI).S3.
for the cableway was flown across the the past 50 years . Gahbauer, S, F , "World 's Largest Fixed
gorge by a helicopter. The design for the New River Gorge Arch Bridge," Engineering and Contract
The approach spans were the first Bridge utilized the electronic computer. Record, Vol. 7S, No. 7, July, 1962, pp. 60-
The design for the Bayonne Bridge was 62.
items erected. Due to the large ca-
Glen Canyon Bridge, BUreau of Reclama-
pacity of the cableway, it was possible completely manual. The foundations for
tion , United States Department of the In-
to assemble the deck trusses in the New River were located to within '!II- terior, Denver, Colo., 1959
yard and then lift an entire truss span in. of theoretical, a far greater accuracy Hardesty, S., at aI., " Rainbow Arch Bridge
utilizing the cableways. A bent and an than was achieved on Bayonne. On over Niagara Gorge--A Symposium." T rans-
entire span of trusses, floorbeams, and New River, material of up to 4 in. in aelions, ASCE, Vol. 110, Papar No, 2236,
stringers could normally be erected in thickness was utilized, while the thick- 1945, pp. 1-178.
less than one week. est plate on Bayonne was only 11,1., in. Hazelet, C. p.. and Wood , R. H.. " Six-Lane
• Tied-Arch Bridge Across the Ohio," Civil
Once the approach spans were com- The New River Bridge is made from
Engineering , ASCE, Vol. 31, No. 11 , Nov ..
pleted, the tieback system for the can- weathering steel and does not have to 1961 , pp. 43-47.
tilever arch halves was built. The for- be painted. The various components of "Hlghline Erects Arizona Bridge," Western
ward cable ties of this system are New River are shop welded, numerically Conslruclion, Vol. 40, No.8, Aug., 1965, pp.
connected to jacking rods at the arch controlled drilled, and field bolted. 51-53.
tieback points. The jacks are used both Those of Bayonne were riveted and "High Wind Breaks Hangers In New Tled-
to attach and stress the wire ropes as reamed at assembly. Field handling of Arch Steel Bridge," Engineering-News Rec-
material is done by cableways on the ord, Vol. 103, October 17, 1929.
well as to insure an equal stress dis-
New River Bridge. On Bayonne, trav- Shulman, M. A., "California Scenic Bridge
tribution among the various parts. Features 700-FL Welded Steel ArCh ," Mod-
These forward ties extend back and up elers were required to move and lift the ern Welded Structures, James F. Lincoln
from the arch to connect to a rocking heavy steel pieces. The New River Arc Welding Foundallon, Cleveland, Ohio,
device that is mounted at the front end Bridge is being supported during con- 1965.
of the approach span . The horizontal struction by a tieback system of wire Steinman , D. B., and Watson, S. R., Bridges
component of these ties is carried back rope and oil drilling casing. Bayonne and Their Builders, Dover Publications Co.,
utilized falsework with wooden piles New York, N.Y., 1957.
a distance of 600 ft to a concrete an-
chorage by four lines of high-strength and eyebar toggle ties. Also, there is Tokola, A. J., "Erecllng the Center Span 01
The Fremont Bridge ," Civil Engineering.
oil drilling casing. the change in aesthetics. The Bayonne ASCE, Vol. 43, No.7, July, 1973, pp. 62-6S.
As succeeding sections of arch truss Bridge is massive and monumental in
Troelseh, H. W.. The Kill Van Kull Bridge,
are erected and secured with new for- size. The New River Gorge Bridge has a American Bridge Division, Plllsburgh, Pa.,
ward tieback cables, the preceding light and open overall appearance. 1931 .
cables are released. At the time of With both of these bridges, as well Vollmar, J. E.. James B. Eeds and Ihe
closure, with the arch halves canti- as those that came in between, there areal 51. Louis Bridge, Engineers' Club of
levered B50 ft, each half will be sup- have been numerous accomplishments. St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo., 1974.
ported by tieback cables from two dif- However, what stands out in this past Waddell, J. A. L , Bridge Englne.rlng, Vot.
half century of achievement is man's 1, John Wiley and Sonl, Inc., New York,
ferent panel points. N.Y., 1916.
The arch is being erected higher continual thrust forward. The present
"World's Biggest Heaviest Lilt Opens Bridge
than its final position so that the arch steel arch bridges, as well as those of Building Chapter," Engineering-News Rec-
• halves can be precisely lowered until the future, fully express this irresist- ord, Vol. 190, No. 13, March 29, 1973, pp,
bearing is obtained. This lowering is ible urge of man. 22-23.
•
NEW YORK. N Y.
Address Correction Requested Permit No 6662
r
Steel ~~
~
~ "!.)
MILWAUKEE, WISC. $3222 Sufte 203--4501 North High Stre.t Emil. W. J . Troup, Reglonel Engineer
10031 W. Lisbon A~.nu. H.yw.rd H. Dick, Reglonel Engln • .,
Robert F. Lorenz, R.glon.1 Engln •• r HARTFORD, CONN . 06103
119 Ann Sl/eel
DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48226 Clprl.n A . Paurolo, Reglon.1 Engln ..,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN . 55420 "80 Penobscot BuildIng, 845 Gllswold
Su/l. 133C, 8053 Bloomington F, •• w.y Harold W. Gilley, Region.' Engln•• ,
R.ymond H. R. TIde , R.glon.' Engln•• r NEW YORK , N.Y. 10020
Suit. 1580, 1221 A~.nue 01 the Amerlc.s
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19102 S.mlMl H. Marcus , Reglon.' Englneer~Su"'fVl.lng
•
OMAHA, NEB. 68102
Room 82E-Clty N.tlon.' B.nk Building 302 M.,lIn Tower Building, 1518 We/nul 51. Remon P. Nlldon" Reglonel Engln.er
Lawrence G. Adams , Reglonel Engln• ., Charles Pesh,k, Jr., Region.' Engine.,
J.ck A. Donnelly, R.glon.' Engln . .r
ST. LOUIS, MO. 63105 PITTSBURGH, PENNA. 15219 SYRACUSE. N.Y 13210
Suit. 222-230 S. Beml.ton A~.nu. Q80·8 Union Trust Bulld/ng 143Q E," Boul.~ard, E.
Clyd. A. Guder, Reglon.' Engln•• , Chari,s M. Schubert, Regional Engine., Chart .. L. Burnl , Reglon.' Engine.,