CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter consists of three sub-chapters: Data Information, Data Description,

and Data Interpretation. All finding sand information of data analysis will be explained

thoroughly in this chapter.

A. Data Information

1. Information of the Song Creators

Born in Mechanicsville, Virginia in 1977, Mraz grew up amidst the

sounds of the Dave Matthews Band and local roots musicians the Agents of

Good Roots. However, it was Mraz' interest and participation in musical theatre

that served as his first introduction to music. Following high school, he moved to

New York to attend the American Musical and Dramatic Academy, but dropped

out a year later when he took up the guitar and began to focus on song-writing.

Nonetheless, Mraz' training as a vocalist would later show itself on his debut

album, which was marked by the pure clarity of his tenor range.

After busking around New York, Mraz eventually returned to Virginia; in

1999, however, he made his way out West and settled in San Diego, California,

having been drawn to the city's coffeehouse scene and its historical support of

singer/songwriters, most notably Jewel. Mraz began playing shows and soon

landed a weekly residency at the local hot spot Java Joe's, which had previously

played host to Jewel during the early stages of her career. He also formed a duo

40
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with drummer Noel "Toca" Rivera, who accompanied Mraz's acoustic material

by playing the djembe. Together, the musicians honed a live show that featured

as much comedic banter as actual music.

Waiting for My Rocket to Come Over the next two years, Mraz's

following expanded outside of the San Diego limits and began to encompass Los

Angeles, garnering the attention of record labels. Mraz signed to Elektra Records

in early 2002 and returned to Virginia to write and record his debut album, a

project that saw him working with producer John Alagía (the Dave Matthews

Band, John Mayer) and his high school heroes, the Agents of Good Roots, who

became his backing band. The resulting effort, Waiting for My Rocket to Come,

was released that same November, blending Mraz's early influences with

elements of country, roots rock, and coffeehouse folk. The buoyant first single,

"Remedy (I Won't Worry)," which Mraz had co-written with pop hit makers the

Matrix, proved to be a big hit, and Mraz headed out on the road to support it.

One of those shows, an October 2003 date at the Eagles Ballroom in Milwaukee,

was later documented on Mraz's summer 2004 live release, Tonight, Not Again.

Mr. A-Z, The album tided his fans over until July 2005, when the

songwriter returned with the sophomore studio effort Mr. A-Z. Mraz's popularity

reached a new high in 2008 with the release of We Sing, We Dance, We Steal

Things, which peaked at number three and spawned his first chart-topping

single, "I'm Yours." The concert album Jason Mraz's Beautiful Mess: Live on

Earth arrived in 2009, followed by his fourth studio album, Love Is a Four Letter

Word, in 2012. In the summer of 2014, Mraz returned with Yes!, which featured
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backing from the all-female L.A. folk-rock outfit Raining Jane; it was preceded

by the single "Love Someone."

2. Album Description

Data in general represents a structured codification of single primary

entities, as well as of transactions involving two are more primary entities.

Representation of fact, concept or instructions in a formalized manner suitable

forcommunication, interpretation or procession by human. Meanwhile,

presentation is learning model or data studying to get certain aims. So, data

presentation is learning model from basic sources that will be studied in a

research. Research data in Jason Mraz album, “MR. A-Z” consists of 12 songs.

They are :

1. Life Is Wonderful

2. Wordplay

3. Geek In The Pink

4. Did You Get My Message?

5. Mr. Curiosity

6. Clockwatching

7. Bella Luna

8. O. Lover

9. Plane

10. Please Don’t Tell Her

11. The Forecast

12. Song For A Friend

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B. Description of the Research Findings

1. Research Findings

TABLE 4.1
Figurative Languages in Jason Mraz album ‘Mr. A-Z

No Song Figurative Language Lyrics

1. Life Is Metaphor 1). It takes a crane to build a crane.

Wonderful 2). It takes two floors to make a story.
3). It takes a thought to make a word.
4). And it takes some word to make an action.
5). Lalalala life is wonderful.
6). Ahlalala life is full circle.
7). And it takes a day to make you yawn,
brother.

Metonymy 1). It take an egg to make a hen.

2). It take a hen to make an egg.

Antithesis 1). It takes a night to make it dawn.

2). It takes some old to make you young.
3). It takes some cold to know the sun.
4). It takes some silence to make sound.
5). It takes a loss before you found it.
Irony 1). It takes some good to make it hurt.
2). It takes no time to fall in love but it takes
you years to know what love is.
3). It takes a road to go nowhere.
4). It takes a toll to make you care.
Schemes 1). It takes some fears to make you trust, it
takes those tears to make it rust.
2. Wordplay Metaphor 1). I’ve been a new sensation.
2). They say I’m about the wordplay.
3). I built the bridge across the stream of
consciousness.
4). The sophomore is an uphill battle.
5). Because I am the wizard of ooh’s and ah’s
and fa la la’s
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Metonymy 1). And someone said that aint my scene.

2). Someone do the math.
3). Now listen to closely to the verse I lay.
4). Is everybody ready for the single, and it
goes.

Irony 1). But it doesn’t really matter in this g-

generation.
Simile 1). And someone said that aint my scene like a
new religion.
2). For the people write me off like I am a one
hit wonder.
Personification 1). For the record label puts me on the shelf.
2). And the lyrics never mumble.
3). When the music’s making people tongue-
tied.
4). But I don’t know which way my brain is
going.
5). Oh the rhyming and the timing keeps the
melody inside me.
6). And they are climbing till I am running out
of air.
Idiom 1). So I drop my top.

Allegory 1). Are you prepared to take a dive into the

deep end of my head ?
Understatement 1). Are you listening to a single word I’ve said?

3. Geek In The Metaphor 1). Well let geek in the pink take a stab at it.
Pink 2). I could be the one to take you home.
3). Baby we could rock the night alone.
4). I’m geek in the pink pink pink.

Metonymy 1). If you like the way I’m thinking baby wink
at it.
2). Pass me the mic and I grab at it.
3). A coke in my hand.
Antithesis 1). I may be skinny at times but I’m fat fulla
rhymes.
2). Hey baby look at me go, from zero to hero.
Irony 1). Don’t judge it by color, confuse it another,
you might regret what you let slip away.

Simile 1). You better take it from a geek like me.

2). She was staring through the doorframe and
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eyeing me like already a bad boy friend.

Schemes 1). Sometimes you gotta fit on and get in.

2). If we never get down it wouldn’t be a let
down.
3). My hip hop and flip flops it don’t stop with
the light rock.
Personification 1). But sugar don’t forget what you already
know.
2. A shot to mock you kinda puts me in the
tight spot.
3). But cupid’s automatic musta fire multiple
shot at her.

Synecdoche 1). The hype is nothing more than hoo-ha so

2). So take a peek into the speaker and you will
see what I mean.

4. Did You Get Metaphor 1). Making all of the pressure go sky-high.
My Message? 2). Do you ever wonder what happens to the
words that we send?
3). In a brand new sense, completely unrelated
to the one I sent.
Metonymy 1). Did you get my message, the one I left?
2). Uh oh, where did it go, must have bopped
past your phone?

Schemes 1). We could give it a rest ‘stead of beating my

breast.

Irony 1). In a brand new sense, please be

sympathetice to the time I spent.
2). Did you get my message that I want to
reconnect with you?

Personification 1). Before my panic attack.

2). Do you ever wonder what happens to the
words we send. So they bend, do they break
from the flight that they take.

Understatement 1). Did you get my message you didn’t guess.

5. Hey Mr. Metaphor 1). Call it mystery or anything.

Curiosity 2). Love is blinding when the timing’s never
right.
3). Love is mystery.
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Antithesis 1). Is it the truth or is it only gossip?

Irony 1). Hey mr. curiosity, is it true what they’ve

been saying about you? Are you killing me?
2). I’m looking for love this time, sounding
hopeful but it’s making me cry.

3). Finding love in just an instant well I don’t

mind at least I’ve tried.

Personification 1). Mr. curious come back to me.

2). The scenario is grave but I’ll be braver
when you save me.
3). Mr. curiosity, be mr. please do come and
find me.
Idiom 1). I am underlined already in envy green and
pencil red.

Allegory 1). You took care of the cat already and for
those who think it is heavy, is it the truth or
is it only gossip?
6. Clockwatching Metaphor 1). Take off both your shoes and clothes I’ll
follow. undo corkscrew, drink from the top
of broken bottle.
2). Smoking often and calling out our guilty
pleasures.
3). I’m using my right brain and I’m praying
the weight will rush.
4). I’m using my left brain and I’m righting all
my wrongs.
5). My loneliness is evident.
6). Lady, dreamer, you might be the soundest
sleeper tonight, sleep tight, and build your
nest upon my shoulder.

Irony 1). Lately we’re running out of time, aren’t we?

Crazy for running all the time, mmm
maybe. Let’s forget we’re running out of the
time.
2). Let’s live in this moment just this time,
could we?
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Personification 1). Let’s keep talking anything to stop

clockwatching.
2). You’re running through my mind and it
makes me crazy.
Simile 1). I’m off like an airplane.

Idiom 1). Let’s forget we’re running out of the time.

2). I’m catching my second wind again.
3). I’ve been working on getting you off, so get
on the board.

Schemes 1). Who knew I’d come/cum so fast. Well so

what if a two pum chump can’t last.
2). Well how can I guess by the subject of the
best predicate that’s left unsaid when the
matter is too delicate.

7. Bella-Luna Metaphor 1). Mystery the moon.

2). A hole in the sky.
3). A supernatural nightlight so full but often
right.
4). A chosen child of golden sun.
5). A cosmic fish they love to kiss.
6). You are an illuminated anchor.
7). You are the ghost of royalty improving
love.
8). I’m just singer, you’re the world.
9). All I can bring ya is the language of a lover.

Metonymy 1). A marble dog that chases cars.

2). You expose all memory.

Schemes 1). To farthest reaches of the beach and far

beyond into the swimming sea stars.
2). They are giving the birth to constellation no
riffs and oh no reservation.
3). You make the most of boundary, you’re the
ghost of royalty improving love.
4). May I suggest you get the best?

Simile 1). You are the queen and king combining

everything into twining like a ring around
the finger of a girl.
2). How you swoon me like no other,
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Hyperbole 1). You are an illuminated anchor of leads to

infinite number crashing waves and
breaking thunder.

Personification 1). You’re dancing naked there for me.

Idiom 1). On the rise, on the brink of our lives

8. O lover Metaphor 1). Ugggh you’re so bold.

2). You are the sweetest thing I’ve found since
whenever.
3). You’re the only way my time is measured.
4). You might be the silence type.
5). Weekend party’s over.
6). Friday, got cold shoulder.
7). Monday, got a new composure.
8). Friday’s mediocre.
Metonymy 1). And I like it natural.
2). No need for chemicals.

Schemes 1). We are sitting around in the meditation,

dragging, chasing, wondering whose
holding, whose get the will to draw the line.

Irony 1). It’s unhealthy but so good for me, oh!

2). I’m feeling statements made by people are
nonsense.
3). It’s crazy how you are killing me.
4). Woo, you’re killing me but I like.
5). Fogging up my sense, you’re calling me
senseless.
Simile 1). We could change our mind that seems to be
the hottest topic at this time.

Antithesis 1). Well god only knows our contradictions to

quitting, is a hate to love relationship thing.

Personification 1). A fire under you is so fulfilling.

2). Weekend party’s over, don’t stop, let’s get
closer.
Idiom 1). I know you’ve got something burning up
inside.
2). I’m getting over, all the moments.
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Understatement 1). I fear there’s nothing more

9. Plane

10. Please Don’t Metaphor 1). She’s a warrior.

Tell Her 2). She was the girl with the broadest
shoulders.

Metonymy 1). And never let me in to spend my quarter.

2). But she’d hate me if she knew my words.

Schemes 1). I couldn’t play again because the game.

2). That’s easier said, easier done.
3). Please don’t mention all the attention I have
drawn.
4). It never end even landed on the can.
Irony 1). There’s no love for me no more.
2). But she would die before I crawled over
them.
3).please don’t bother cause she’ll feel guilty
when I’m gone.

Antithesis 1). How she easily come, and she easily go.
2). The now became later.

Simile 1). That I’m crazy like the rest of us.

Idiom 1). I hear she’s kicking ass across the board.

2). Just in time to save the world from being
taken.
3). Or the altitude with a mouth full of air.
Hyperbole 1). I hear she’s kicking ass across the board and
rock two hundred higher score.
2). And I’m crazier when I’m next to her.

11. The Forecast Metaphor 1). Sign me up for the storm.

2). Cause I’ll have you keep me warm in the
coldest hour.
3). And crazy is the forecast all week.
4). But your mouth is my umbrella now.
5). Because I’m holding your tongue.

Simile 1). Well every kiss, every hug is so light on that

touch, delicate like a snowflake.
2). There’s a good chance in hell like cats and
dogs we’ll be flying.
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Synecdoche 1). Let’s throw out the hotel comforter and

hang ‘do not disturb.’
Idiom 1). Well I heard that it might be raining bed
sheets and lover’s words.
2). I can taste you all over my face.
3). And everyone might find it foolish to not
counting the sun.
4). In the midst of the morning pull up a
blanket of a cloud.
5). Because the water is healthy for the roses in
your cheeks.
Personification 1). And when the darkness falls under your
hair, there I’ll be.
2). Here comes that sun want rain, all at once it
sing.
3). And when the lights go out, no doubt, with
you’ll be.

Allusion 1). There’s a good in a hell.

12. Song For A Metaphor 1). You’re magic he said.

friend 2). He’s the reason that I’m laughing.
3). And get back to the old garage.
4). Climb up over the top.
5). Survey the state of the soul.
6). Why not give it a shot?

Antithesis 1). There’s no price to pay when you give and

what you take. That’s why it’s easy to thank
you.

Simile 1). Of all the thing’s that I’ve read what he

write me is now sounding like the man I
was hoping.

Idiom 1). But don’t let it all go to your head.

2). Cuz I bet if you all had it all figured out.
3). Then you’d never get out of bed.
4). Keep your tongue up in your cheek.
5). Because life is too short anyway.
6). Let’s take a break from the day.
Schemes 1). I keep on keeping it real cause it keeps
getting easier, he’ll see.
2). You got something, you call it gumption,
you call it anything you want.
3). Because when you the fool now, you’re
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only fooling everyone else.

4). Let’s say take a break from the day and get
back to the old garage because life is too
short anyway but at least it’s better then
average.

2. Research Findings Analysis

A. Life Is Wonderful

1. Metaphor

It takes a crane to build a crane

Meaning: Writer and poet.

Explanation: Songwriter wanted to tell that people living in the world

must create their own life and their life depends on what they are acting.

Hence, a good action is able to make a-good-end.

It takes two floors to make story

Meaning: Paragraph.

Explanation: Songwriter wanted to tell that life is not only about

happiness but also sadness. By using the noun ‘floors’ represents

‘paragraph’ in a story which mentions introduction, conflict, and then re-

orientation. So, people live in both happiness and sadness which is part

of life.
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It takes a thought to make a word

Meaning: Idea/plan.

Explanation: Songwriter mentioned that to start a life needs a plan or idea

in order to make it more planned like writing a story is required an

intention why it is written then decides the topic developed by main idea

and supporting details. So, songwriter started a life from what he wanted

to be, carried on by planning steps from where he had to start.

And it takes some word to make an action

Meaning: Inspiration.

Explanation: To do an action, songwriter mentioned that people had

needed inspiration to make it work similar with people having just

written a story, it is surely written based on his inspiring person inspiring

his life to reach his intention. So, his writing could be finished.

La-la-la-la life is wonderful

Meaning: Complicated.

Explanation: Songwriter then believed in a complicated life. However, he

had felt for all emotions in his life. So, the songwriter wanted to tell that

there is no immortality in the world, happiness and sadness wouldn’t stay

any longer inside someone else. Before they disappear, songwriter

suggests to enjoy whatever it is.

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Ah-la-la-la life is full circle

Meaning: karma.

Explanation: Songwriter believed that what people do will be back to

them. It is like ‘life is an echo.’ People can do whatever makes him

desire, yet they have to be ready gracefully for the consequence.

And it takes a day to make you yawn, brother

Meaning: Become tired.

Explanation: Sometimes when people had been going around and made

them experience, they just realized that they were not moving anywhere

because everywhere they went, a problem came the same that made them

feel tired for it.

2. Metonymy

It take an egg to make a hen.

Meaning: Ovum.

Explanation: An egg means animal reproductive body consisting of an

ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelops. Thus,

songwriter stated that human comes from an egg (ovum).

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It take a hen to make an egg

Meaning: A woman.

Explanation: A female chicken which plays a significant role of

production. It means that only a female having an ovum which is used to

produce a thing.

3. Schemes

It takes some fears to make you trust, it takes those tears to make it rust
Meaning: Time to start solving crime.

Explanation: As explained in the previous metaphorical sentence that

solving crime was a game, Sherlock claimed, by stating the phrase, that it

was time to solve crime.

To take a look
Meaning: To analyse

Explanation: Sherlock said to Sergeant Donovan that he wanted to go into

the crime scene to take a look. In the sentence, ‘look’ is described as a

concrete object that can be given and taken.

Got anything?
Meaning: Already have conclusion/information.

Explanation: Detective Lestrade asked Sherlock if he had something

pertaining to the case after analysing the body. The word anything, which is

information, are described as a concrete object that can be given and taken.
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I can see from your left hand that's not going to happen.
Meaning: The state of your hand indicates that it is not going to happen.

Explanation: ‘See from your hand’ does not mean the hand itself. Mycroft

sees how the hand is completely steady considering it always shaking

regularly. By saying ‘I can see from your left hand’ means that Mycroft

gains information from the state of the hand of John Watson. The verb ‘see’

is considered metaphorical in this context because in Mycroft’s opinion, the

pain in the left hand of John Watson, which is an abstract object, is seen as a

concrete object that contains information.

The battlefield.
Meaning: a thrilling and dangerous situation or activity.

Explanation: ‘Battlefield’ in this statement is a challenging event. Sherlock

Holmes was involved in solving crime, chasing criminals, and seeing

violent death. Mycroft considered Sherlock’s activity as a battlefield

because chasing the criminal has the same characteristic as war;

challenging, exhausting, and triggering adrenaline.

Welcome back
Meaning: Welcome back pressuring activity.

Explanation: This has the same concept as the previous statement. By

saying ‘welcome back’, Mycroft represented the current life of John Watson

was the same as the previous one, being in a war.

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Bad news for brain work.

Meaning: Not good for thinking activity.

Explanation: Smoking is an activity of putting in smoke containing nicotine

from cigarette, which according to Sherlockwill help him think better.

Nicotine is considered as an important substance to stimulate the brain

work, without which the work of brain will be slowing down. Nicotine is

visualised as a bad news because it might affect how people use their brain

badly.

It's good news for breathing.

Meaning: Not smoking is healthy.

Explanation: On the contrary, this statement points to not smoking is good

news for breathing because it enables lungs to work properly. John

considered smoking as bad news because smoking would ruin lungs work.

Accordingly, not smoking is good for health, especially lungs.

It's a three-patch problem.

Meaning: very serious problem.

Explanation: This statement describes that nicotine patch was a problem to

Sherlock. It particularly pointed to the fact that if nicotine patch did not

exist,Sherlock would suffer or get into problem if he could not get nicotine,

in this case the brain work or thinking activity would not work properly.
 57

Mrs Hudson took my skull.

Meaning: Mrs Hudson took my friend.

Explanation: This statement took the shape of skull is friend. When stating

that statement, Sherlock intentionally described that the skull was his friend

and that Mrs Hudson took his skull, he had no friend to talk to anymore and

John was his friend now.

So I'm basically filling in for your skull.

Meaning: So, I am your friend now?

Explanation: This statement was a response to the previous statement that

skull was a friend. By stating the statement, John implicitly described that

the skull was a friend and now he becameSherlock’s friend.

His hunting ground.

Meaning: Place to murder people.

Explanation: This statement had three metaphorical meanings: first, the

word ‘hunting ground’ described London as a battlefield or a jungle where

people or predators hunt animals; second, by stating the phrase ‘his hunting

ground’, Sherlock describedthe man in the word ‘his’ as a hunter or a

predator who hunts and kill animal; and third, that ‘hunting ground’ was in

the city that full of people, the statement also described the citizens as prey

for predators.
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The heart of the city.

Meaning: Central area of the city.

Explanation: The heart of the city meant the middle of the city. The use of

‘heart’ in the statement took the realm of human body where the heart is the

main vital organ of the body.

Who hunts in the middle of a crowd?

Meaning: Who murders people in the middle of a crowd?

Explanation: This rhetorical question indicated that a murderer was a hunter

who preyed on somebody else and actually had murdered four people.

Your date.
Meaning: Your boyfriend.

Explanation: The phrase ‘your date’ means a person who has sexual

relationship with somebody. Actually, the person, John Watson, did not

have any sexual relationship with Sherlock. Angelo assumed John Watson

was Sherlock’s boyfriend merely because Sherlock rarely had friends and

suddenly came to the restaurant with a man to have a dinner like the other

couple.

I'll get a candle for the table.

Meaning: Romantic dinner

Explanation: This statement described Sherlock and John as a couple

intending to have a romantic dinner. It was supported by the phrase ‘get a

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candle for the table’ which points to a candle-light dinner, a romantic

dinner.

I consider myself married to my work …

Meaning: Focused only on his work.

Explanation: Metaphor in this sentence is represented by the phrase

‘married to my work’, which means really responsible for and focused on

his work and not having desire to have any sexual relationship. Thus, by

stating married to my work, Sherlock treated his work like a spouse that he

was married to.

I'm not your sniffer dog.

Meaning: I am not your tracker.

Explanation: Dog is commonly known having ability to help police find

something suspicious or missing by sniffing somebody or something’s

sense. In the sentence, Sherlock stated that he was not the tracker of the

police who voluntarily helped the police find something or somebody, so

Sherlock thought that there was no reason he should report to the police

about anything suspicious he might find during his investigation.

No, Anderson's my sniffer dog.

Meaning: Anderson is my tracker.

Explanation: Lestrade stated that Anderson is his tracker who helped him

find something or somebody. Analogically, Anderson was like a dog that

helped him finding something.

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This is childish.
Meaning: This is silly.

Explanation: Sherlock stated the activity of the police investigating his flat

was like activities that children do; non-sense, ridiculous, and rather

impolite.

Well, I'm dealing with a child.

Meaning: A person who does anything he likes insensibly.

Explanation: Lestrade stated that the acts that Sherlock held evidence in his

flat determinedthe lack of maturity and it could make investigations take

time longer.

Do you see? Do you get it?

Meaning: Do you understand?

Explanation: The sentence described the characteristic of somebody and the

state of the victim had left clue to the police was a concrete object that can

be seen, take, or given.

Don't you see?

Meaning: Don’t you understand?

Explanation: The phrase visualised the meaning Sherlock states as a

concrete object that can be seen.

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You're all so vacant.

Meaning: unable to think or comprehend the situation or particular meaning.

Explanation: The word ‘vacant’ is usually used for the state of room or

space. Accordingly, Sherlock said that people on the room were so vacant

merely to indicate their incapability to understand the situation. Sherlock

took the concept of room where people can put in or take something from

for brain.

We're wasting our time!

Meaning: Doing something without gaining profit.

Explanation: Wasting time is considered as metaphorical sentence because it

takes concept of Time is Money. In other words, the sentence described that

time was a concrete object that had limit.

A game
Meaning:Murder.

Explanation: Jeff considered murder by giving choice as a game because he

took the concept of game where there was winning and losing for murder.

It's a game of chess

Meaning: To murder by giving identical choices.

Explanation: Jeff stated that murder was a game of chess because the

murder and chess shared the same concept of chess. A game of chess has
 62

two players and the players take turn to play or, in language of chess, to

move to win the game.

A kamikaze murder spree.

Meaning: Doing something dangerous that might endanger him.

Explanation: Kamikaze is a word taken from Japanese to describe the act

of killing people even though he can be killed too. Sherlock described the
murder that Jeff was doing as kamikaze murder because he was certain
that Jeff would be captured and imprisoned, or even worse sentenced to
death.

A dead man walking.

Meaning: Will die soon.

Explanation: Sherlock called Jeff ‘a dead man walking’ because Jeff had a

dangerous disease that could kill him anytime, aneurism.

A sponsor.
Meaning: Supporter.

Explanation: Jeff said ‘sponsor’ because somebody paid him for every

murder he committed to. It took the concept of particular occasion that

somebody was funded by people or companies for their purposes.

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A fan of Sherlock Holmes?

Meaning: Somebody who pays attention to Sherlock’s activity.

Explanation: Jeff used the term of fan because about whom he talked always

noticed Sherlock’s activity. In this context, the fan was somebody who was

aware of the threat Sherlock might do to fail his purposes.

Criminal mastermind?
Meaning: Someone who arranges the act of crime.

Explanation: John Watson used the word ‘criminal mastermind’ because he

thought that Mycroft was an enemy and a dangerous man, given the

impression of their first meeting.

He is the British Government…

Meaning: Somebody who involves in major activity of governance in
United Kingdom.

Explanation: Sherlock described Mycroft as the British Government

because he knew that Mycroft could do anything approved by the

government, as if Mycroft was the government. The fact is that Mycroft was

only holding a position in the government.

A war
Meaning: Debate.

Explanation: The word ‘war’ was taken to describe debate because debate

had similar concept to war. Debate is usually prepared with strategy and
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uses knowledge as weapon and knowledge as the ammunition. Doing debate

means that people has to fight to defend their ideas and principles.

a. Simile

He's making us look like idiots.

Meaning: The policemen are incapable of solving, in Sherlock’s opinion, an
easy task, which makes policemen are equal to uneducated people.

Explanation: This phrase represented the phrase of ‘Sherlock is making the

policemen look like idiots’. Sherlock sent a text ‘wrong’ to all people in the

conference room, which was indicating that everything the policemen

concluded was wrong.

It's like you're invisible.

Meaning: People cannot recognise

Explanation: This statement was said to indicate that people were unable to
recognise who was the cab driverbecause people only saw the back of the
driver’s head, not the face of them.

I can see it all like a map inside my head.

Meaning: Easily recognise.

Explanation: The speaker stated this phrase by referring to map references.

He was able to understand how people thought clearly just by looking to a

map. He took the concept when people was searching a particular place and

address by looking at a map.

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b. Metonymy

Yes, yes, Taxi, yes!

Meaning: The taxi driver.

Explanation: Taxi is an animate object that obviously cannot respond to

people. The word ‘taxi’ here was a whole-for-part metonymy, which was

mentionedto call the driver.

If you've all got texts, please ignore them.

Meaning: SMS (Short Message Service)

Explanation: the word ‘text’ stands for SMS because the message is

delivered as text. It is part-for-whole metonymy.

This is a frightening time

Meaning: Serial murderer on the loose frightening people.

Explanation: People murdered were represented as frightening time because

the murderer chose his victim randomly. Accordingly anybody could be the

victim. This is time-for-people metonymy.

atBarts
Meaning: Studying.

Explanation: ‘Bart’s’ in the sentence is the acronym of St Bartholomew’s

Hospital indicating the place where Mike Stamford and John Watson were

studying. The word ‘Bart’s’ in the sentence is place-for-activity metonymy.

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atBarts
Meaning: Teaching.

Explanation: In the sentence, ‘Bart’s’ indicates the activity which Mike

Stamford was currently doing. This is place-for-activity metonymy.

I can't afford London on an Army pensions.

Meaning: Life cost in London

Explanation: The word ‘London’ indicates the life cost must be spent in the

city. This is whole-for-part metonymy.

How fresh?
Meaning: How fresh is the body?

Explanation: Sherlock asked the state of the body. This meant when the

body had come to the morgue. The word ‘fresh’ is part-for-whole

metonymy.

Just in. 67, natural causes.

Meaning: The dead person is 67 years old and died by natural causes.

Explanation: 67 in the sentence states the age of the person and natural

causes means the cause of the death. The word 67 is a part-for-whole

metonymy and ‘natural causes’ is cause-for-effect metonymy.

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We'll start with the riding crop.

Meaning: Start with the riding crop to do an experiment.

Explanation: Riding crop is a tool used for horse racing. In the sentence,

Sherlock meant that he would use the tool to do an experiment. It is part-for-

whole metonymy.

Text me.
Meaning: Send me a text message.

Explanation: As explained before that message contains text, Sherlock used

‘text’ as a representative of to send a text message. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.

Black, two sugars, please.

Meaning: Black coffee with two cubes of sugar.

Explanation: The word ‘Black’ means the type of coffee and ‘two sugars’

means the amount of sugar to put in the cup of coffee. They are part-for-

whole metonymies.

Your phone?
Meaning: Mobile phone

Explanation: Mobile phone is a type of telephone which can be brought

anywhere we like. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

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The landline?
Meaning: Landline telephone

Explanation: Landline telephone is a type of telephone using wires carried

on poles or under the ground, in contrast to mobile phone/cell phone. This is

part-for-whole metonymy.

Afghanistan or Iraq?
Meaning: War.

Explanation: By saying Afghanistan or Iraq, Sherlock indicated the activity

of war, which was happening in that time. This is place-for-event

metonymy.

The lipstick?
Meaning: Lipstick applied on the lips

Explanation: Sherlock indicated the lipstick applied on the lips, not lipstick

as in a product. This is whole-for-part metonymy.

Psychosomatic
Meaning: Caused by traumatic experience.

Explanation: Psychosomatic is an illness caused by mental problem such as

stress and worry, rather than physical problems. By saying it, Sherlock

indicated the limp that John Watson suffered was caused by trauma. This is

cause-for-effect metonymy.
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Four.There's been a fourth.

Meaning: Four murders/victims.

Explanation: Sherlock mentioned ‘four’ to indicate the number of event

occurred. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

Brixton, Lauriston Gardens.

Meaning: The place where there is a murder.

Explanation: Lestrade mentioned the address to indicate the place where the

murder had happened. This is place-for-event metonymy.

I'll be right behind.

Meaning: In another car catching up.

Explanation: The meaning of ‘be right behind’ is taking another car. This is

part-for-whole metonymy.

I've got a hip.

Meaning: Feel pain in the hip.

Explanation: Mrs Hudson mentioned the part of body which obviously

exists. The intention of her statement was that she felt pain in her hip. This

is part-for-whole metonymy.

And Harry is a drinker.

Meaning: Harry is an alcoholic (drinks alcohol too much).

Explanation: John Watson ambiguously stated that his sister was a drinker.

Obviously, people are drinker too, but the phrase ‘a drinker’ is commonly
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used to describe somebody who drinks alcohol. This phrase is part-for-

whole metonymy.

Upstairs.
Meaning: The murdered woman is in upstairs.

Explanation: Lestrade pointed to a part of a house where a particular

circumstance had happened. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

Asphyxiation.
Meaning: The cause of death was Asphyxiation.

Explanation: John Watson only mentioned the cause of death but people

might find it ambiguous unless they knew the context. This is cause-for-

effect metonymy.

Pink!
Meaning: The murderer took a pink suitcase that will make him easily
recognised.

Explanation: Sherlock realised that the murdered woman wore pink clothes.

Thus he completely noticed what colour the suitcase must be. Furthermore,

all they had to do in order to lead the investigation to capturing the murderer

was to find a pink suitcase. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

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My leg.
Meaning: The leg hurts and he cannot walk easily.

Explanation: John Watson clearly made a gesture when he was saying ‘my

leg’ so that people would notice the state of his leg. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.

The number
Meaning: The phone number

Explanation: Number in telephone is applied to easily reach somebody we

want to talk to. Accordingly, every telephone, regardless of the types of it,

has specific number. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

The case?
Meaning: The case of serial murders.

Explanation: By saying ‘the case’, it was not difficult to recognise what the

phrase meant because John Watson and Sherlock Holmes were involved in

solving crime. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

Her case...
Meaning: Suitcase.

Explanation: The word ‘case’ in this sentence is short for suitcase, which is

a container for belongings when people go on a trip. Even though, it has the

same pronunciation with ‘case’, in the term of particular situation that

sometimes makes it difficult to notice. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

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Five minutes from Lauriston Gardens…

Meaning: It might spend five minutes from Lauriston Gardens to reach the
place by car.

Explanation: People tend to indicate the distance between two places with

time. Implicitly, estimated time to spend describes the distance between

places. This is time-for-distance metonymy.

He cleared my name.
Meaning: Prove that he is not guilty.

Explanation: When somebody clears somebody’s name, it also means make

somebody free from accusation. Angelo simply stated that Sherlock had

cleared his name by proving his innocence when there were murders. This is

part-for-whole metonymy.

Anything happening opposite?

Meaning: is there anything happening opposite the restaurant.

Explanation: The word ‘opposite’ in the sentence indicated the direction

across the restaurant. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

The cab number.

Meaning: License number in the back of the cab issued by police.

Explanation: License number is used to identify the owner and is

administered by the police. When stating the cab number, John merely

stated that he knew the cab license number. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.
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Wrong country
Meaning: The man is from another country.

Explanation: The word ‘country’ indicated where a person lives or comes

from. This is whole-for-part metonymy.

It’se-mail enabled.
Meaning: electronic mail

Explanation: E-mail is a message system that can send and receive message

by using internet connection. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

Her account.
Meaning: a particular website account.

Explanation: When using a website, people will have to make an account by

registering their identity before they can use it properly. This is part-for-

whole metonymy.

GPS
Meaning: Global Positioning System.

Explanation: Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system by which signals

are sent from satellites to a special device that enables somebody to locate

somebody or something on the earth accurately. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.
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This phone battery won’t last for ever.

Meaning: The power of the battery.

Explanation: A battery contains power to make electronic device, especially

a mobile phone, usable. Sherlock merely stated the power contained in the

battery, not the battery. This is whole-for-part metonymy.

A mobile
Meaning: A mobile phone.

Explanation: A type of telephone that can be carried anywhere. This is part-

for-whole metonymy.

Let me take you for a ride.

Meaning: Going somewhere by car.

Explanation: When somebody drives a car, it can be said that he rides a car.

The sentence uses ‘ride’ to indicate a particular activity using car. This is

part-for-whole metonymy.

Did I just give youthe good bottle or the bad bottle?

Meaning: Pills in the bottle.

Explanation: the words ‘bottle’ is to indicate the pills that use bottle for its

container. This sentence only uses the container to describe the contents.

This is container-for-contents metonymy.

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You don't have long

Meaning: Period of time.

Explanation: In the sentence, the word ‘long’ indicates long time. Sherlcok

indicated the Jeff had no longer time to live because he suffered dangerous

disease that could cause him death in any time. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.

Aneurysm
Meaning: An area of extreme swelling on the wall of an artery.

Explanation: ‘Aneurysm’ in the sentence was not a word stated to indicate a

medical explanation, but it was used to indicate illness from which a person

suffered and only had a small amount of possibility to survive. This is

cause-for-effect metonymy.

I'll have the gun, please.

Meaning: Wants to be shot with a gun.

Explanation: the word ‘the gun’ does not mean he wants to possess the gun,

but wants to be shot. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

You don't want to phone a friend?

Meaning: call somebody via telephone.

Explanation: The word ‘phone’ indicates activity of connecting to someone

via either landline or mobile phone. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

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Yeah, it's for shock.

Meaning: It is for people who are in shock after a particular event.

Explanation: When people are in shock, the police will cover them in a

blanket because mostpeople in shock will be shaking. This is part-for-whole

metonymy.

A good Chinese.
Meaning: A good Chinese restaurant.

Explanation: The phrase ‘good Chinese’ gives ambiguous statement

whether it is for the people or other. But in this statement, Sherlock meant

the Chinese restaurant. This is part-for-whole metonymy.

c. Personification

Writing a blog will help

Meaning: Activity of writing will make him adjust to civilian life.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word ‘writing’ uses verb ‘help’. The verb

‘help’ is commonly used toindicate an act of assisting that can only be done

by people. Accordingly, the word ‘writing’ is represented as human that can

do things, in this case is helping people to do something.

Preliminary investigations suggest that this was suicide.

Meaning: Preliminary investigation indicates
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Explanation: This sentence has the same personification as the sentence

before. The word ‘preliminary investigation’ uses verb ‘suggest’, which the

verb ‘suggest’ actually means to give advice to somebody. Thus, this means

that the word ‘preliminary investigation, an act of finding facts of

something, is represented as people who can give advice.

Bad day
Meaning: The day when people feel bad

Explanation: ‘Bad’ is an adjective representing human characteristic.

Meanwhile, ‘day’ is a noun representing time. The phrase ‘Bad day’

represents as if ‘day’ has the characteristics as human does.

Your haircut, the way you hold yourself says military. But your

conversation as you entered the room...<Bit different from my day>... said

trained at Barts.

Meaning: Haircut, the way a person behaves, and utterances says particular
information.

Explanation: Haircut, the way a person behaves, and utterances is described

as human who can make a statement or give information to somebody.

Your limp's really bad

Meaning: Limp and cause contain particular information.

Explanation: Limp and cause are described as human who can make a

statement or give information to somebody.

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‘Three kisses’ says it's a romantic attachment. The expense of

the phone says wife, not girlfriend.

Meaning: The engraving on the phone and the expense of the phone contain
particular information.

Explanation: Engraving and Expense of something are described as human

who can make a statement or give information to somebody.

Your deodorant told me that.

Meaning: Deodorant surpasses information.

Explanation: Deodorant is a product for reducing body odour. Meanwhile

‘told’ is the past form of word ‘tell’, which is an act of communicating or

giving information. Deodorant cannot communicate, in other words,

deodorant is represented as if it is humanwho can communicate.

Your leg must be hurting you.

Meaning: The pain in the leg makes him difficult to do activity.

Explanation: This sentence represents the pain in the leg as human who can

give an effect to somebody else.

Good bottleand bad bottle.

Meaning: there are two pills that can cause death and no harm.

Explanation: Those phrases indicate that the pills contain either hazardous

substance or healing substance.

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Money goes to my kids.

Meaning: The money is given to the kids.

Explanation: Money is described as a person who can move from one place

to another.

d. Oxymoron

Bright young things like we used to be.God, I hate them.

Meaning: Brilliant students, who sometimes ask a lot, makes teacher feel
tired to answer their questions.

Explanation: The statement above shows an opposite reaction than it should.

‘Bright young things’ means people who is smart and has a promising

career. The reaction towards the phrase is unclear. People usually adore

smart student, but the phrase ‘God, I hate them’ clearly opposes to what

people commonly expect. The statement above is intentional and is meant to

make jokes.

We've got such a serial killer. I love those.

Meaning: He loves mystery that is caused by the murderer.

Explanation: This statement of loving serial killer is really opposed to what

exact feeling common people feel towards serial killing. Accordingly, the

statement has antonymic sense.

e. Hyperbole

It was a big improvement.

Meaning: It’s good that she makes a different behaviour.
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Explanation: It was used to make an impression of complementing of

someone who changes habit. It is considered hyperbolic because it is only

applying some lipstick on the lips, not really something important.

Sorry, got to dash.

Meaning: Have to go.

Explanation: Sherlock used ‘dash’ to indicate that he had to go quickly. But

the use of ‘dash’ is really exaggerating. He actually walks as usual rather

than in a hurry.

He doesn't work well with me.

Meaning: He cannot cooperate properly.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that he and Anderson always had opposite

view on something. Thus he assumed that Anderson would not make a good

help to him.

Look at him, dashing about...

Meaning: Always running around.

Explanation: Sherlock was described as a person who could not behave in a

calm way. The word ‘dashing’ shows hyperbolic expression.

It means when the policeare out of their depth, which is always, they

consult me.

Meaning: The police are always unable to solve crime.

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Explanation: By stating which is always, Sherlock stated that the police

always miss every detail of an investigation. The fact was not that way

Sherlock had stated.

luxury item
Meaning: Expensive mobile phone.

Explanation: The word ‘luxury’ is used to describe that the item must be

treated with care because its expense.

a war hero
Meaning: A soldier.

Explanation: Soldiers are always identified as war hero because of their

brave action in war, putting their life in a danger situation. In fact, being a

hero does not mean we have to be a soldier.

It was extraordinary, quite extraordinary.

Meaning: Great.

Explanation: It is extraordinary that Sherlock can identify every detail of

something or somebody only by looking. To Sherlock, it was exaggerating

that John felt really impressed.

Hello, freak!
Meaning: Sherlock Holmes.
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Explanation: Sherlock has been described as a freak, which is exaggerating,

because of his attraction to crime and mystery and also because of his

ignorance to some things.

You were thinking. It's annoying.

Meaning: Nobody except Sherlock is allowed to think.

Explanation: This phrase obviously signs Sherlock’s arrogance. When he

has to solve crime, it has to be himself alone. No one is allowed to interfere.

The frankly alarming shade of pink.

Meaning: Easily noticed.

Explanation: The way somebody’s dressed determines who they are. The

use of ‘alarming’ describes the colour like an alarm that can make people

easily recognise. In fact, nobody but Sherlock can easily recognise.

That's brilliant.
Meaning: It’s brilliant that Sherlock can do it.
Explanation: This phrase is described as hyperbolic because Sherlock
himself hates it. Sherlock thinks that what he does is easy, so there is no
need to praise what he does.

It must be so boring.
Meaning: Not able to think is boring.

Explanation: Sherlock loves thinking, so when people cannot think like the
way he thinks, Sherlock will criticise, even in sarcastic way.

Because he's a psychopath.

Meaning: He is abnormal.
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Explanation: Donovan describes Sherlock as a psychopath because of

Sherlock’s strange behaviour.

Stay away from Sherlock Holmes.

Meaning: He is weird and not worth befriended.

Explanation: Donovan is exaggerating when she tells John to stay away

from Sherlock. In fact, Sherlock is only a man who loves mystery.

I am the closest thing to a friend that Sherlock Holmes is capable of

having.
Meaning: Sherlock does not have anyone but him only.

Explanation: By stating the sentence, Mycroft implicitly describes Sherlock

as a man who cannot make friend and no one wants to be his friend.

Arch-enemy.
Meaning: Someone who always disagrees with Sherlock.

Explanation: Mycroft describes himself as an arch-enemy because he knows

that he and Sherlock never agrees on anything.

I worry about him. Constantly.

Meaning: Mycroft is always afraid of what Sherlock might be or do.

Explanation: In fact, Mycroft does not need to worry him because he is

doing very well and never does something out of law. Furthermore,

Sherlock is an adult and does not need surveillance.

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You're very loyal, very quickly.

Meaning: John is loyal to Sherlock.

Explanation: Mycroft says that John is very loyal because John tends to

defend Sherlock from any verbal attacks. It is hyperbolic expression from

Mycroft considering that John barely befriends Sherlock because he just met

Sherlock on day before he meets Mycroft.

Remarkable.
Meaning: The way John behaves under stress is remarkable.

Explanation: Mycroft knows that John is having psychosomatic limp that

means his hand sometimes has intermittent tremor. So when Mycroft notices

that John’s hand does not shake, he says remarkable for what he concluded

from John’s situation.

Oh, yeah. Lots.

Meaning: She has lots of free time.

Explanation: She says that she has a lot of free time, but in fact, she cannot

go anywhere she likes because she has to accompany Mycroft all the time.

Oh, breathing! Breathing's boring.

Meaning: Just breathing will not help him think.

Explanation: This hyperbolic statement means that Sherlock needs

stimulants to make his brain work properly and only breathing will not help.
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The most dangerous man you've ever met and not my problem right
now.
Meaning: Mycroft is a powerful man.

Explanation: When stating the sentence, Sherlock describes Mycroft, his

own brother, as a dangerous man because Mycroft works for British Secret

Service and John should avoid threatening him.

Yes. That's not important

Meaning: There is no need to complain.

Explanation: Sherlock does not like John asking about the phone number

owner because he thinks that there is no point in asking something regarding

a dead person.

Because you're an idiot. No, no, don't look like that. Practically
everyone is.
Meaning: Everyone is stupid and cannot think any details of a case.

Explanation: Everybody cannot do what Sherlock does. This is

overstatement because not everybody is stupid.

There isn't time to talk to the police.

Meaning: Police are only slowing down the chase.

Explanation: This is most common hyperbole used every day. There isn’t

time means that we are in a hurry.

Doesn't it? Sounds a bit dull.

Meaning: Living in peace is dull.
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Explanation: In Sherlock’s opinion, not having enemies makes life less

exciting.

I’m pretty sure you could search this flat all day
Meaning: You can search the flat as long as you want.

Explanation: The use of all day is hyperbolic because somebody will not go

that far to investigate.

Excellent! How, when and why?

Meaning: It could be a clue as to why the woman was murdered.

Explanation: The death of somebody simply cannot be excellent, so what

Sherlock had emphasised was maybe the death of the daughter could lead

the investigation to capturing the murderer.

Use your imagination!

Meaning: What you should do when you were murdered is leave a clue so
the police can use it to capture the murderer.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that John should use his imagination to think

about what the woman had done when she had been murdered. Sherlock

used hyperbolic statement to emphasis that to know what the woman

actually did is to use imagination. In fact, it is not necessary.

Oh, dear. They're making such a mess.

Meaning: The police make the flat messy due to investigation.
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Explanation: Mrs Hudson thought that by investigating around, the police

had made a mess. Actually, it is merely for investigation and not for fun or
making the room look terrible.

Don’t move, don’t speak, don’t breathe. I'm trying to think.

Anderson, face the other way. You're putting me off.
Meaning: Everybody was not allowed to make some noise and Anderson’s
face made Sherlock could not think so he must turn around.

Explanation: The statement is hyperbolic because it is impossible not to

breathe and starring at Sherlock simply could not be considered as a

distraction.

Anderson, don't talk out loud. You lower the IQ of the whole
street.
Meaning: Anderson is annoying and disturbing Sherlock.

Explanation: Sherlock clearly made a hyperbolic expression when he was

stating the sentences. There was no way that Anderson talking made people
stupid or slow.
He's just a lunatic
Meaning: Sherlock is just a crazy person.

Explanation: The use of lunatic is to express that Sherlock could not be

relied on and he always made people mad. The fact is, Sherlock was not a
lunatic and was merely an ignorant person. The use of ‘lunatic’ is simply
hyperbolic.

That’s all you’re gonna know.In this lifetime.

Meaning: You do not need to know more because you are going to die.
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Explanation: Jeff used the phrase as if Sherlock was going to die. In fact,

there was no guarantee that Sherlock was going to die.

It's much better than that.

Meaning: Killing people is better than threatening.

Explanation: Jeff thought that driving people to kill themselves was better

than only threatening. The fact is killing people is not good.

Why can't people just think?

Meaning: People are ordinary.

Explanation: Jeff stated that only he and Sherlock could think properly,

given the fact that only Sherlock could discover him.

Chances are it'll be the last thing you ever know.

Meaning: This is the last thing you will know.

Explanation: The use of ‘last thing’ is hyperbolic expression. It was stated

as if Sherlock would die and could not discover more secrets.

It's genius!
Meaning: Making people confused is genius.

Explanation: Jeff drove people by giving identical pills that contained

different substance. He considered it as a genius act that people were easily

trapped in his play.

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Any breath could be my last.

Meaning: Can die anytime.

Explanation: Jeff had a severe illness so he assumed that he could die in

anytime. This is considered as hyperbole because Jeff stated that any breath

could be his last.

That's the most fun you can have with an aneurism.

Meaning: Killing people is the most fun to have when we suffer from
aneurism.

Explanation: Killing people was considered as a fun activity when he was

having serious illness. It is hyperbolic expression.

Love is a much more vicious motivator.

Meaning: Everybody would do anything for love.

Explanation: This statement took the fact that everyone was willing to do

anything for love. But it could not justify the fact that killing people was

always affected by love.

Everyone's so stupid, even you. Or maybe God just loves me.

Meaning: Everyone does not realise that they are about to be murdered.

Explanation: Jeff made hyperbolic expression to point to his victims.

Actually, his victims were only four people, not everyone. Another

hyperbolic expression in ‘God just loves me’ meant how he survived and

outlived his victims.

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You're wasted as a cabbie.

Meaning: You get nothing.

Explanation: Sherlock pointed to what result that Jeff had got by driving a

cab and killing people. The use of ‘wasted’ is hyperbolic expression.

And they're so much more than that.

Meaning: Their capability is more than ordinary people.

Explanation: Hyperbolic expression in the statement is the use of ‘much

more than a man’, which means the capability, not the whole characteristic.

Child's play.
Meaning: Very easy.

Explanation: Sherlock used the phrase to explain the way he had handled

the trick that was given by Jeff to kill him, which was actually difficult for

ordinary people.

Dreadful business, isn't it? Dreadful

Meaning: Very dangerous occasion.

Explanation: John considered the act of killing as dreadful business because

for ordinary people, it was very dangerous. On the other hand, Sherlock,

who was accustomed to it, did not consider it as dangerous but merely

exciting. Obviously to Sherlock, John made a hyperbolic expression.

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Frankly, a bloody awful cabbie.

Meaning: Jeff is a bad cab driver.

Explanation: The hyperbolic expression in the sentence is the use of

‘bloody’. John expressed anger and was furious with Jeff’s act of killing

people.

Starving.
Meaning: Very hungry.

Explanation: This is considered as hyperbole because of the fact that John

had eaten not long ago. John used the word ‘starving’ because he hada tiring

day.

Always so aggressive.
Meaning: Sherlock is never calm.

Explanation: Mycroft used the phrase to indicate that Sherlock had never

agreedwith him and did not want Mycroft to spy on him.

People will suffer.

Meaning: Mother and father will be furious seeing their sons fight each
other.

Explanation: The use ‘people’ is hyperbolic because the actual mean was

their parents, not everybody.

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He's always been so resentful

Meaning: Sherlock’s always angry with Mycroft.
Explanation: Resentful defines the state of angry with somebody.

Considering Mycroft was his brother and was on the same side, Sherlock

should not be angry with Mycroft just because they had different point of

view.

f.Understatement

Yeah, good, very good.

Meaning: My blog is good.

Explanation: John hid the actual meaning by saying the phrase. John did not

want his therapist knowing that John had not written any word in his blog.

Yes, I know, I got fat.

Meaning: I got fat so you do not recognise me.

Explanation: The phrase was a joke to implicitly mention that he was not

recognisable when John saw him. It was used to lower his status and to

make him less important to recognise.

I refreshed it a bit.
Meaning: Just to refresh my look.

Explanation: It is considered as understatement because Molly tended to

hide her intention of wearing lipstick. The actual reason why Molly was

wearing lipstick was to impress Sherlock.

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It wasn't working for me.

Meaning: I look terrible.

Explanation: Molly actually meant that her effort to impress Sherlock was

failed but she did not want to tell the truth. Thus, she made an

understatement utterance.

Told Mike this morning that I must be a difficult man to find a

flatmate for.
Meaning: People do not want to live with me.

Explanation: Sherlock expressed that he was not worthy to be a flatmate for

somebody. This is understatement expression to make him seem

unimportant.

A nice little placein central London.

Meaning: I found a nice place London.

Explanation: This is considered as understatement because Sherlock used

the word ‘little’ to describe a flat in central London. Actually, the flat was

big enough to live in and is in the middle of London.

I was able to help out.

Meaning: I helped to ensure the husband executed

Explanation: Sherlock made understatement as though it was coincidental.

The fact is, he could help, not only be able to help. In the sentence, he

lowered his status and capability.

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Bit of trouble too, I bet?

Meaning: Had trouble in the past.

Explanation: John was an ex-army who had been in the frontline of war

where people considered it dangerous and they might be killed. Sherlock

used ‘bit of trouble’ to make a more polite expression of pointing to John’s

war experience. In fact, having been in a war is more than enough trouble

because it can affect somebody’s life.

Enough for a lifetime

Meaning: He has enough trouble in his life.

Explanation: John expressed understatement by using the word ‘enough’ to

describe so much trouble that had affected his life. Being in war can cause

much trouble for people.

That's notwhat people normally say.

Meaning: People never compliment me.

Explanation: Sherlock’s statement was understatement because the actual

meaning was that unlike John, most people hate him.

I didn't expect to be right about everything.

Meaning: I am surprised that my guess is right.

Explanation: Sherlock pretended that he was not always right about

everything. His statement was understatement because actually, he could

perfectly analyse everything.

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Would it be better if I just waited...?

Meaning: Maybe I should wait here.

Explanation: John expressed his unwillingness to be an intruder and

pretended that he had nothing to do with Sherlock after seeing him argue

with Donovan.

Not much.
Meaning: I only gain little information.

Explanation: This was considered as understatement because his utterance

opposed to what actually Sherlock knew. Sherlock gained a lot of

information regarding the victim but tends to pretend that he only knows a

little.

I'm... I'm nobody

Meaning: I am not Sherlock’s friend.

Explanation: By stating ‘nobody’, John covered the truth that he was

Sherlock’s flatmate so that Donovan could not know who he was.

An interested party.
Meaning: I am only a man who is interested in Sherlock.

Explanation: Mycroft described himself as a stranger to Sherlock. He did

not want John knowing that he was Sherlock’s brother. This kind of phrase

is understatement, which describes that he is not important to notice.

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I cleared it a bit
Meaning: I just help a little.

Explanation: Sherlock had helped Angelo free from murder accusation,

which would make Angelo imprisoned. By stating ‘cleared it a bit’,

Sherlock expressed understatement because what he had done for Angelo

was great.

Oh, just passing the time.

Meaning: We were just passing the time and nothing is important.

Explanation: Sherlock used the sentence to hide his true feeling that he had

failed to capture the murderer.

Bit not good, yeah.

Meaning: What you said is not good.

Explanation: John said that because he did not want to say the truth that

everybody was confused about Sherlock’s statement.

I'm fine.
Meaning: I am all right.

Explanation: There was actually something bothering Sherlock but he

tended not to tell everyone. This kind of expression is understatement.

Just popping outside for a moment.

Meaning: I am only going outside for a moment.
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Explanation: This expression is understatement because there was a

dangerous situation and Sherlock did not want John and the Police getting

involved.

I'm fine.
Meaning: I am good, don’t worry.

Explanation: Sherlock wanted to come to the murderer downstairs but he

chose not to tell John because he wants to do that alone.

Who? Who would notice me?

Meaning: Who would recognise me?

Explanation: The use of ‘who would notice me’ is simply understatement

because actually, Sherlock did something that could make him recognisable.

The intention of stating the phrase was to say that people tend to avoid him.

They're not that stupid.

Meaning: They are not very stupid.

Explanation: This statement was the opposite of what Sherlock always said

that the police were stupid. In the phrase, he expressed understatement to

make his insult to people less harsh.

Funny little man driving a cab.

Meaning: I am just an ordinary man driving a cab.

Explanation: Jeff denied Sherlock’s jocular compliment that he was a genius

so he could murder people unnoticed.

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I occupy a minor position in the British Government.

Meaning: I don’t involve too much in the British Government.

Explanation: Mycroft stated understatement expression by mentioning ‘a

minor position’ to conceal his true identity that he was a very important

member in the British Government.

g. Symbolic Language

Wedding ring.
Wedding ring is a symbol of marriage. When a couple is married, the man

gives a ring to the woman as a sign of loyalty. The ring is given when the

couple say a marriage vow.

I'll get a candle for the table.

Candle can be a symbol of many things, but mostly known as a symbol of

compassion and love. On the statement, the candle is a symbol of love.

People, particularly men, take their lover to a dinner with no lights except

the light of candle. Hence, candle is the symbol of romanticism.

Right turn
Right turn in the context is a traffic sign that demands people to turn right.

By stating the phrase, Sherlock indicates which way he should take.

One way
One way is a traffic sign to inform drivers that the road is for one way

traffic.
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Road-works
Road-works is a traffic sign to signal people that there is a road work in that

area.

Traffic lights
Traffic light is a common traffic sign that consists of three different colours

of lights: red, yellow, and green. Red light means to stop, yellow means to

be prepared, and green means to keep going.

Bus lane
Bus lane is an area where bus stops to pick and drop passengers. This area is

common in every city.

Pedestrian crossing
Pedestrian crossing is a black-white strip area which people use to walk

across the road. It is usually equipped with traffic light.

Left turn only

Left turn only is a sign to demand people to make left turn. It is similar to

right turn only but in a different direction.

h. Synecdoche

A word
Meaning: You haven’t written any article in your blog, have you?

Explanation: Article in a blog is consists of words and phrases. John’s

therapist said only ‘a word’ to indicate article. This is a part-for-whole

synecdoche.
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Daily Mail!
Meaning: Daily Mail reporter.

Explanation: Donovan pointed to a woman to whom Lestrade answered. She

easily recognised the woman and for what company she works. This was

considered a synecdoche because the woman was a part of Daily Mail. This

is whole-for-part synecdoche.

My day.
Meaning: Different from when I was studying here.

Explanation: The phrase my day is the day when John was in St

Bartholomew’s Hospital to study. This is whole-for-part synecdoche.

Our best people

Meaning: Best police.

Explanation: ‘our best people’ in the sentence is a representative of police in

criminal division. The criminal division police are a part of police squad, so

this is whole-for-part synecdoche.

Sorry, it's in my coat.

Meaning: It is in my coat’s pocket.

Explanation: Mike only mentioned coat to point to the pocket. Pocket is a

part of coat in which people keep something. This is whole-for-part

synecdoche.
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Not a word.
Meaning: I didn’t tell him.

Explanation: By saying ‘not a word’, Mike indicates the whole utterances.

Word is part of sentence or utterance, so by saying ‘a word’, it takes the part

to describe the whole. It is part-for-whole synecdoche.

Who's on forensics?
Meaning: Who is responsible for forensics?

Explanation: There is always police member who is responsible to analyse

forensics. That person doing forensic is a part of police. This is part-for-

whole synecdoche.

The police
Meaning: Police in Criminal division.

Explanation: John did not mean the whole police officer but only a division

which the duty was to handle crime and murder. This is whole-for-part

synecdoche.

I want a name.
Meaning: Who is he?

Explanation: Sherlock wanted a name of somebody who helped Jeff to

murder people. Name is an identity for people without which they are not

recognisable. This is part-for-whole synecdoche.

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i. Pun

1) Mike: I heard you were abroad somewhere getting shot at. What
happened?
John: I got shot.

Meaning 1: War site

Meaning 2: John got shot

Explanation: In this conversation, John answered to Mike humorously.

Mike asked what happened to John after going to a place getting shot at

and John answered that he had got shot after going to a place getting shot

at. This kind of conversation is Pun.

2) Sherlock: Well, Mrs. Hudson, the landlady, she's given me a special deal.
Owes me a favour. A few years back, her husband got himself
sentenced to death in Florida. I was able to help out.
John: Sorry, you stopped her husband being executed?
Sherlock: Oh, no, I ensured it.

Meaning 1: Sherlock helped the husband free from execution.

Meaning 2: Sherlock ensured the execution.

Explanation: John clearly was misunderstood by Sherlock’s statement

that he was able to help out the husband. John thought that Sherlock had

helped the husband free from execution but the real meaning was

unexpected, Sherlock had ensured the execution.

3) John: The policedon't consult amateurs.

(see table)…
Sherlock: The police don't consult amateurs.

Meaning 1: The police don’t consult Sherlock.

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Meaning 2: The police, indeed, don’t consult amateurs but him.

Explanation: John made unprecedented conclusion that Sherlock was a

private detective, thus he was an amateur so the police would not have to

consult him. Sherlock, on the other hand, felt a little insulted by being

called amateur so he showed his observational skill to John that made

John surprised. Then, Sherlock showed an agreement with John’s

statement that the police did not consult amateurs, which the real

meaning was a contrast to John’s meaning. Finally, John realised that the

man sitting next to him really was not an amateur.

4) Mycroft: You don't seem very afraid.

John: You don't seem very frightening.

Meaning 1: You should be afraid of me

Meaning 2: How could I be afraid of you? You don’t make me afraid.

Explanation: Afraid and frightening have the same meaning. Mycroft

looks surprised seeing John not afraid, then say the sentence. John,

feeling that he is under stress, tries to resist by saying that Mycroft does

not seem very frightening so that John is not afraid of him.

j. Schemes
1) MOBILE PHONES BUZZ
Buzz is considered as scheme because it imitates the voice of

bees. This scheme is called onomatopoeia.

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2) He's not just going to ring the doorbell

The bolded word, ring, imitates the sound of bell. To ring the

doorbell means to make the doorbell sounds. This is onomatopoeia.

3) I'm... calling the phone, it's ringing out.

This phrase has the similar context as the previous onomatopoeia.

The difference is that this phrase is about mobile phone. When somebody

calls somebody’s phone, the phone will make a sound of ring. Thus, this

is called onomatopoeia.

4) It's genius! I know how people think. I know how people think I think.
There is a reoccurrence of saying ‘think’ in the sentence. The

word ‘think’ appears three times and is at the end of words. The

repetition of these is called consonance.

k. Idiom

Lived life to the full.

Meaning: To the greatest possible degree.

Explanation: The husband was a happy man and passionate so it was

unbelievable that he had committed suicide.

In the light of this

Meaning: After considering something

Explanation: The police concluded that the incidents were being treated as

linked after considering evidences that had been gathered.

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I don’t talk for days on end.

Meaning: For the stated length of time without stopping

Explanation: Sherlock stated that he sometimes would stay silent for days

without any break.

Got my eye on a nice little place in central London.

Meaning: Think about a place in central London.

Explanation: Sherlock got his eyes on the place meant that he was thinking

about a place that might be fit to live at.

I thought that'd be right up your street.

Meaning: Suitable for you because you are really interested in it.

Explanation: Mrs Hudson stated the idiom because she knew that Sherlock

was very interested in and even obsessed with the case like that.

It means when the police are out of their depth

Meaning: Unable to understand something.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that the police were unable to understand

something pertaining to investigation.

Shot in the dark

Meaning: A guess.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that what he was saying was only a guess.

God help me.

Meaning: Something bad might happen to me.
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Explanation: Letrade said ‘God help me’ because Sherlock showed his

arrogance by denying his curiosity of why Sherlock did not want to let

someone from the police help him. So Lestrade thought that he might be in

trouble by letting Sherlock in.

I was hoping you'd go deeper.

Meaning: To examine thoroughly.

Explanation: Sherlock asked John to go deeper so he could make a point of

view.

For God's sake, if you’re just making this up…

Meaning: to emphasise feeling annoyed.

Explanation: People sometimes say ‘for God’s sake’ to indicate that they

feel annoyed. Here, Lestrade felt annoyed when Sherlock did his deduction

about the woman because he could not believe that Sherlock even knew

about personal detail of the woman only by looking once.

Dear God,
Meaning: Saying that he is surprised.

Explanation: Sherlock wasannoyed by seeing Lestrade and John could not

realise what he meant.

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Now and then,

Meaning: Occasionally.

Explanation: Sherlock pointed to what people usually thought about him

when he possessed victim’s belonging. Sherlock said that from time to time,

or occasionally when there was an incident and Sherlock was having the

belongings of the victim, people might assume that Sherlock was the

murderer.

Haven't the faintest.

Meaning: Does not know.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that he did not know who the murderer was by

saying ‘haven’t the faintest’.

On the house
Meaning: Free.

Explanation: On the house means that we can eat and drink anything in the

restaurant without any bill, as though we eat at our house.

Got your breath back?

Meaning: to breathe normally again after running.

Explanation: Sherlock asked John if he was ready to run again. When

somebody is running, they breathe as if they lose their breath, so by saying

‘got your breath back’, it means that we are able to breathe normally again.
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keep an eye out.

Meaning: to do something while we are doing something else.

Explanation: When somebody keeps an eye out, it means to keep aware of

something or to supervise a particular situation.

got rid of it.

Meaning: To throw something away.

Explanation: When somebody gets rid of something, it means to give

something away or to throw something away.

under the eye of about half a dozen policemen.

Meaning: Being watched carefully.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that he was being watched carefully by the

policemen in his flat. Thus, he said to Jeff that it was a bit risky to take him

while policemen were watching him.

Here in the flesh.

Meaning: Being in the same place as him and seeing him eye to eye.

Explanation: Sherlock was in the room with Jeff. So, they could see each

other eye to eye.

You take your time.

Meaning: To use as much time as he needs.

Explanation: Jeff told Sherlock to take his time, it meant that Sherlock did

not need to hurry to make a decision or to think thoroughly.

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Child's play.
Meaning: Very easy.

Explanation: When somebodysays that something is a child’s play, it means

that it is very easy to do or to solve, like doing something that children play.

nerves of steel...
Meaning: To be able to remain calm in a difficult or dangerous situation.

Explanation: Sherlock stated that Lestrade must find somebody who was

really brave so he could be able to remain calm even in a dangerous

situation.

more or less.
Meaning: Approximately, almost.

Explanation: Sherlock had helped Lestradecapture the murderer but in a

state of being dead. So, he assumed that he had help police catch the

murderer, but police literally could not catch the murderer because he was

dead and could not face the trial.

Biding my time.
Meaning: To wait for the right time to do something.

Explanation: Sherlock biding his time meant that he was waiting for the

right time to do something.

For goodness' sake,

Meaning: To state the he is annoyed about something.
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Explanation: Mycroft was annoyed about what Sherlock had said. He

expressed his annoyance by saying ‘for the goodness’ sake’.

He could be the making of my brother

Meaning: To make somebody become a better or more successful person.

Explanation: Mycroft assumed that John might make Sherlock be a better

person.

l. Proverb
There are no proverbs said in the film.

m. Irony

Nothing happens to me.

Meaning: He is just fine

Explanation: This phrase is considered as an irony because John expected to

be a civilian instead of a home-alone person. Furthermore, John said that

phrase after the suggestion given by his therapist that he must write a blog

about everything that happened to him.

I can't afford London on an Army pensions.

Meaning: John cannot afford to live in London only on an Army pensions.

Explanation: John said an irony expression after Mike asked him, whether

he was just staying in town until get sorted. John explicitly denied that he

could just stay in town because he did not have enough money.
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That's not the John Watson I know.

Meaning: John Watson is not who he ought to be.

Explanation: Mike stated that John Watson was not who he had been

because John Watson could not bear to be anywhere else. Mike expected

that John Watson should be the man who he had known before that could be

anywhere else without any difficulties on blending in.

I'm not the John Watson…

Meaning: I am not who I was.

Explanation: John Watson expressed disappointment because actually, he

also expected that he could be the man who he was and could live his life

properly.

Yeah, like that's going to happen!

Meaning: It is impossible that John’s sister is going to help.

Explanation: John insisted that Harry, his sister, was never going to help

even if John expected a help from her. John already knew that impossibility

so he did not ask her for help.

Come on, who'd want me for a flatmate?

Meaning: There is no way he can get a flatmate.

Explanation: John felt that it was impossible to make friends and to live

together as flatmates because he was not a person who could easily make

friends. The fact was, he wanted to share a flat with somebody but he

doubted that somebody could afford to live with him.

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Yes, thank you for your input.

Meaning: Do not interrupt.

Explanation: Sherlock stated ironic gratitude to Anderson because he felt

annoyed with Anderson giving him advice without being asked. Sherlock

stated the ironic expression andshut the door so that Anderson could not

interrupt him anymore.

No, she was leaving an angry note in German!Of course

she was writing Rachel, no other words it can be.
Meaning: No, she was writing Rachel.

Explanation: Lestrade doubted Sherlock’s statement that the woman was

writing a word ‘Rachel’ because it only appeared ‘Rache’ on the floor.

Sherlock then made an irony statement to deny Lestrade’s doubt.

Come on, where is her case? Did she eat it?

Meaning: The suitcase is lost.

Explanation: By asking the question, Sherlock intendedto emphasise that the

suitcase had been lost and might be in the possession of the murderer.

Might we expect a happy announcement by the end of the week?

Meaning: Just tell me the truth that you are a friend of Sherlock’s.

Explanation: Mycroft simply emphasised that John should tell the truth by

saying an ironic statement.

That's nice of you.

Meaning: You are being nice to say that you are concerned about Sherlock.
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Explanation: John did not know who Mycroft really was so he doubted that

Mycroft really was concerned about Sherlock. John assumed that taking

concern from unknown person was not common, so he said ironic

expression. The intended meaning was Mycroft did not bother to be

concerned about Sherlock because he was just a stranger.

A friend?
Meaning: I do not have friends.

Explanation: Sherlock said an ironic question because he was sure that

people did not want to be his friends and thus, the person who John met

could not be his friend.

How could I?
Meaning: I cannot find what is missing from the case.

Explanation: John actually could find what was missing from the case, but

he intended to pretend because he felt annoyed with Sherlock stating

statement that said he was an idiot.

They're all so desperate to get caught.

Meaning: I will catch him.

Explanation: Sherlock’s statement did not mean that the fugitive wanted to

be caught. Sherlock only implied that serial killer was causing trouble so

they must be caught whatever it took. Sherlock implicitly stated that he

would do his best to stop the killer.

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Appreciation! Applause! At long last the spotlight. That's the frailty of

genius, John, it needs an audience.
Meaning: Serial killing and being able to escape is causing addiction to do
more.

Explanation: Sherlock did not really mean that the act of serial killing was

clever. He just said that serial killing would cause the police and everybody

made effort to catch him. In other words, getting addicted to kill more

would make the killer regret.

Thanks.
Meaning: Thank you for annoying me.

Explanation: John simply made an ironic gesture to emphasise his

annoyance atbeing treated as Sherlock’s boyfriend, even John had said that

he was not Sherlock’s boyfriend.

According to someone, the murderer has the case, and we found it in the
hands of our favourite psychopath.
Meaning 1: It was Sherlock who said that the murderer has the suitcase.
Meaning 2: The murderer is Sherlock, a person to whom we would feel
suspicion the most.

Explanation 1: Anderson insisted that Sherlock was the murderer because

Sherlock himself who said that the murderer has the case. Given the fact

that Sherlock had the case, Anderson made an ironic expression indicating

that Sherlock was the murderer.

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Explanation 2: Anderson implied that Sherlock was possible to be the

murderer because of his unusual behaviour, which liked murder and the fact

that he had the suitcase.

Yap, sociopath, I'm seeing it now.

Meaning: Sherlock is a sociopath and I am awfully happy to see him.

Explanation: Anderson agreed with Sherlock being a sociopath. However,

the actual meaning was that Sherlock was only an ignorant person so he did

not know any compassion and Anderson felt annoyed with it.

Mrs Hudson, isn't it time for your evening soother?

Meaning: Do not disturb.

Explanation: Sherlock felt annoyed with Mrs Hudson interrupting him while

he was thinking about something important. To make Mrs Hudson leave,

Sherlock asked her if it was the time for her evening soother ironically.

And because Sherlock Holmes is a great man,

Meaning: Sherlock is a great man that people feel inferior.

Explanation: Lestrade showed a little annoyance when complimenting about

Sherlock. He felt annoyed because Sherlock always insulted the police and

made them look like idiots.

I'm surprised more of us don't branch out.

Meaning: Other cab drivers do not follow his path to make much money.

Explanation: Jeff actually intended to convey a message that other drivers

should have followed his path to become a serial killer, given the fact that
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the act of serial killing brought more money than driving a cab and also the

fact that cab drivers could know the right spot to commit to murder.

Why can't people just think?

Meaning: People cannot think properly.

Explanation: This statement was considered as an ironic expression because

the real intended meaning was people should think properly so they could

understand about something completely and could not be tricked.

Well, this has been very interesting.

Meaning: The meeting with a serial killer is very interesting and Sherlock
really enjoys it.

Explanation: Sherlock said the sentence ironically. Sherlock meant that the

meeting was quite interesting but he felt a little disappointed because he had

won against Jeff. Actually, the act of killing was not interesting, at least not

for Sherlock.

B. Interpretation of the Research

After analysing Sherlock ‘A Study in Pink’ film, the writer discovered 13

types of figurative language. Those figurative languages are spread in 256

utterances; 43 are metaphor, 3 are simile, 46 are metonymy, 10 are personification,

2 are oxymoron, 52 are hyperbole, 25 are understatement, 9 are symbolic language,

9 are synecdoche, 4 are pun, 4 are schemes, 26 are idiom, and 23 are irony.

Figurative languages in the film have different meanings according to their

usage. Their meanings are;

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1. Metaphor

Metaphors in the film are used to describe somebody and something as

another object that is unrelated each other. For instance, describing Anderson as

a sniffer dog is a metaphor because Anderson is a man. Anderson is described as

a sniffer dog because Anderson is really keen and able to find something, like a

sniffer dog.

2. Simile

Similes in the film are used to compare somebody and something to

something else that has similar characteristics. For instance, Jeff compares

himself being undetected with ability to vanish himself so that people cannot

recognise him.

3. Metonymy

Metonymy is a type of figurative language which uses A to describe B.

Metonymy has broad range of functions. In the film, there are several functions

in which metonymy is used:whole for part, part for whole, time for people, place

for activity, cause for effect, place for event, time for distance, and container for

contents. For instance, in container for contents metonymy, Jeff asks Sherlock if

he just gave himthe good bottle or the bad bottle. The words ‘bottle’ is only the

container of pill. The word ‘bottle’ represents its content, which is pill.

4. Personification

Personifications in the film are to make something actas though it is

human. For instance, in the phrase ‘your deodorant told me’. Deodorant is a

product to reduce body odour but in the film, it is described as a human who can

tell something to somebody. The activity of telling personifies the deodorant.

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5. Oxymoron

Oxymoron statements in the film are used to make an opposite

interpretation in a phrase or sentence. For instance, ‘Bright young things like we

used to be, God I hate them’. Mike state opposite interpretation towards smart

students. Normally, people will love and cherish smart student, but in his

statement, he stated the opposite. This type of figurative language is commonly

used to express jocular statement.

6. Hyperbole

Hyperboles in the film are used to indicate exaggeration of something

and to make ironic expression. For instance, breathing is boring. In the phrase,

breathing is treated as a boring activity because human have been breathing

since they were born. The intended meaning is that smoking can help somebody

thinks better.

7. Understatement

Understatements in the film are used to make somebody and something

that people do or tell seem less important to notice and considered.

8. Symbolic language

Symbolic languages in the film take form of signs of authority and

culture customs. As in ‘turn left only’, the symbolic language takes form of

authority issued by the police in traffic department.

9. Synecdoche
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In this film, the use of synecdoche is used to express the meaning shift

using the part-whole relationship. Although it is similar to metonymy,

synecdoche is associated with the object. For instance, ‘forensics’. Forensics is a

part associated with police in doing investigation.

10. Pun

Pun in the film is used to make a jocular conversation which is

intentional.

11. Schemes

In the film, there are 2 kinds of schemes, onomatopoeia and consonance.

Onomatopoeia is a verb imitating the sound of inanimate object. Meanwhile,

consonance is a repetition of words which have similar consonant.

12. Idiom

Idioms in the film are used to make ambiguous impression, which

confuse the audience. For instance, shot in the dark. It means that somebody

does not know exactly but only makes a guess.

13. Irony

Irony statements in the film are used to make hidden expressions. The

speaker either confuses or implicitly attacks the listener by using ironic

statement. For instance, John says ‘thanks’ when he feels annoyed with Angelo

treating him as Sherlock’s boyfriend.

To understand figurative languages in the film, the writer is forced to broaden

his mind and interpretation. Every figurative language can be considered as another

figurative language. Metaphor, for instance, can be considered as hyperbole, and

hyperbole can be considered as irony. None of them gives exact interpretations in

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the film. Thus, the writer includes some data into two or more categories of

figurative language.

The writer discovered Hyperbole as the most figurative language uttered in

the film with 52 utterances and Oxymoron as the least figurative language uttered in

the film with 2 utterances. Thus, all data has been separated and then input into a

diagram according to their quantity.

Chart 4.1
Figurative Languages in Sherlock ‘A Study in Pink’ Film

Proverb
0%
Irony
9% Metaphor
Schemes
2% Idiom 17% Simile
Pun 10% 1%
2%
Synecdoche
3%
Symbolic Metonymy
Language 18%
3% Understatement
10%
Hyperbole
20% Personification
4%
Oxymoron
1%