Commonly Asked Emergency Drugs

Emergency Initial Dose Indications

Drug
Adenosine 6 mg
Atropine sulfate 0.5 – 1 mg.q 3-5 Bradycardia
min
Epinephrine 1 mg.q 3-5 min Cardiac arrest
Lasix 0.5-1 mg/kg Pulmonary edema
Lidocaine 1-1.5 mg/kg Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular
tachycardia
Magnesium 1-2 g Ventricular tachycardia r/t
sulfate hypomagnesemia
Morphine 1-3 mg Chest pain, pulmonary edema
Sulfate
Narcan 0.02-2mg Narcotic – respiratory depression
Nitroglycerine 0.4 mg SL Chest pain, pulmonary edema
Vasopressin 40 units Cardiac arrest

Antidotes
Agents Antidotes
Acetaminophen Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Anticholinestera Atropine So4
se
Anticholinergics Physostigmine
Benzodiazepines Flumazenil
Coumadine Vitamin K
Cyanide Sodium nitrate
Digoxin Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)
Dopamine Phentolamine
Heparin Protamine sulfate
Iron Deferoxamine
Lead Dimercaprol, edentate disodium and succimer
Magnesium Calcium gluconate
Sulfate
Narcotics Naloxone

Drug Name Endings: What they can suggest you!!!

Endings class
*cain Local anesthetics
*cillin Antibiotics
*dine Antiulcer agent
*done Opiod analgesics
*ide Oral hypoglycemics
*lam/ Antianxiety
*pam
*micin/ Antibiotics
*mycin
*mine/ Diuretics

1
*zide
*olol Beta blockers
*pril ACE inhibitors
*sone Steroids

2
 FREQUENTLY ASKED MEDICATIONS
Drugs Trade / Classification Desired Effects Best Time to be Other Considerations
(generics) Taken
1 Aminophylline Bronchodilator To case breathing AM / empty  No smoking
(theophylline) stomach  No caffeine
 Check heart rate
2 Amphogel Antacid phosphate Between meals  Give with glass of water
(aluminum level and HS  Report melena
hydroxide)
3 Antabuse Antialcoholic Avoidance of After 12 hrs.  No alcohol in any means
(disulfiram) agent alcohol stoppage from
alcohol
4 Aspirin (ASA) Anti-  temperature Full stomach  Check for bleeding
inflammatory  pain and tendencies
Anti-pyretic inflammation  Syrup of inpecae in case
Analgesic of overdose
5 Atropine SO4 Anticholinergic  heart rate and 30 PC  Observe facial flushing
and Vagolytic decrease  Avoid hot environment
secretion s
6 Bacterium Antibiotic (-) infection PC  Reddish urine
(cotrimoxazole)  Rashes
 Assess for signs of
nephrotoxicity
7 Benadryl Antihistamine (-) allergy Best taken with  Avoid alcohol
(diphenhydramine Anti – EPS (-) movement food
hcl) syndrome
8 Celestone Steroids respiratory Best taken with  Monitor weight
(betamethazone) distress in food
newborn
9 Cytoxan Antineoplastic size of tumor AM  Increase fluids
(cyclophosphamide)  Monitor CBC
1 Diabinase Antidiabetic Normal glucose AM  Monitor for

3
0 (chlorpropaminde) agent range hypoglycemia
1 Diamox Antiglaucoma  urine output AM with meals  Photosensitivity
1 (acetazolamide) antidiuretics  vertigo
1 Digoxin (lanoxin) Cardiac Normal heart AM  Assess pulse rate
2 glycoside rate  Monitor serum K
1 Dilantin Anti-convulsant (-) seizure Best taken with  Taper dosage
3 (phenytoin) food
1 Diuril Diuretics  urine output Best taken with  Report weakness in the
4 (chlorothiazide) food extremities
 Increase K in the diet
1 Epinephrine Bronchodilator  heart rate AM  Don’t operate
5 machineries and drive
automobile
 Assess for increase pulse
1 Flagyl Antihelmintic (-) helminth Best taken with  Avoid alcohol
6 (metronidazole) food  Not to give with
antabuse
 Tetratogenic
1 Haldol (haloperidol) Antipsychotic  (+) symptoms AC  Assess BP
7 of psychosis  Photosensitivity
1 Kayexalate Promote  serum K  May cause constipation
8 excretions of K  Monitor serum
potassium
1 Lasix (furosemide) Diuretic  urine output AM  Increase intake of food
9 rich in K
2 Lithane (LiCO3) Antimanic  hyperactivity PC  Monitor lithium toxicity
0  Decrease activity
2 Lovenox (mevacor) Antithrombotic (-) thrombosis  Soft bristle toothbrush
1  No razor
 Keep protamine SO4
2 Magnesium SO4 Anticonvulsant (-) convulsion  Assess DTR and PR
2  Antidote is Calcium

4
 gluconate
2 Mastinon Cholinesterase  muscle PC  Monitor for muscle
3 (pyridostigmine) inhibitor strength weakness
 Antidote is atropine SO4
2 Mathergine Oxytocic for Firmly contracted  Monitor BP
4 (methylergonovine post partum uterus  Report dyspnea
maleate) atony
2 Monoamine Antidepressant Improved PC  No tyramine rich food
5 oxidase inhibitor sleeping pattern  Assess for hypertensive
crisis
 Monitor BP
2 Nitroglycerin Antiangina (-) chest pain Best taken before  Taken SL; don’t chew
6 any strenuous  Keep tablets in dark
activity container
2 Pancrease Pancreatic (-) fat in the stool Between meal and  Preparation is enteric
7 (pancreatin) enzyme snacks coated, don’t show
 Observe for diarrhea
2 Phenergan Antihistamine (-) allergy Empty stomach  Antidote is epinephrine
8 (promethazine
hyrochloride)
2 Reserpine Antihypertensiv  BP Best taken with  No sudden change of
9 (serpasil) e meals position
 Monitor BP and PR
3 Ritalin Stimulant  hyperactivity AM / PC  Monitor growth and
0 (methylphenidate) development
3 Robaxin Skeletal muscle (-) muscle spasm AM  No alcohol
1 (methocarbamol) relaxant  Antidote : Epinephrine
3 Synthroid Thyroid Normal T4 level AM  Monitor BP and PR
2 (levothyroxine hormone
sodium) supplement
3 Tagamet Antiacidity (-) heartburn Best taken with  Avoid smoking
3 (cimetidine) food

5
3 Thorazine Antipsychotic (-) positive signs PC  Photosensitivity
4 (chlorpromazine hcl) of psychosis  Monitor BP
3 Valium (diazepam) Antianxiety (-) anxiety AC  No alcohol, caffeine
5
3 Xylocaine Antiarrythmic Normal heart  Monitor for toxicity –
6 (lidocaine) rate convulsion
 S / E : tinnitus
3 Zyloprim Antigout  uric acid Best taken with  Increase fluid intake,
7 (allopurinol) food restrict vit. C

6
 Common Tubes

Table or Purpose Examples of Key points

Apparatus Use
Miller-Abbott tube Longer than Levin 1. Small-bowel 1. Care similar to
tube; has mercury obstructions that Levin NG
of air in bags so 2. Intussusceptio tube irrigated.
tube can be used n 2. connected to
to decompress 3. Volvulus suction, not
the lower sterile
intestinal tract technique
3. orders will be
written on how
to advance the
tube gently
pushing tube a
few inches
each hour,
patient
position may
affect
advancement
of tube
4. X-rays
determine the
desired
location of
tube
Cantor Tube To drain bile from Cholecystectomy 1. Bile drainage is
the common bile when a common influenced by
duct until edema duct exploration position of the
has subscribed (CDE) or drainage bag.
choledochostomy 2. Clamp tubes as
was also done ordered to see
if bile will flow
into
duodenum,
normally.
T-tube A type of closed- 1. Mastectomy 1. May compress
wound drainage 2. Total hip unit, and have
connected to procedure portable
suction-used to 3. Total knee vacuum or
drain, a large procedure connect to wall
amount of suction.
serosa`nguineous 2. Small drainage
drainage from tube may get

7
 under an incision clogged
physician may
irrigate these
at times
Hemovac A method of 1. Neurosurgery Empty reservoir
closed wound 2. Neck surgery when full, to
suction drainage 3. Mastectomy prevent loss of
indicate when 4. Total knee and wound drainage
tissue hip and back
displacement and replacement contamination
tissue trauma 5. Abdominal
may occur with surgery
rigid drain tubes 6. Urological
(e.g Hemovac) procedure
Jackson-Pratt See Hemovac See Hemovac See Hemovac
Three-way Foley To provide 1. Transurethral Watch for
avenues for resection (TUR) blocking by clots
constant irrigation 2. Bladder causes bladder
and constant infection spasms
drainage of Irrigant solution
urinary bladder often has
antibiotic added
to normal salin or
sterile water
Sterile water
rather than
normal saline may
be used for lysis
of clots
Suprapubic To drain bladder Suprapubic May have orders
catheter via an opening prostatectomy to irrigate prn or
through the continuously
abdominal wall
above the pubic
bone
Ureteral catheter To drain urine 1. Cystoscopy for Never clamp the
feom the pelvis of diagnostic tube-pelvis of
one kidney, or for workups kidney only holds
splinting ureter 2. Ureteral 4-8 mL
surgery Use only 5 mL
3. Pyelotomy sterile normal
saline if ordered
to irrigate

8
 Common Diagnostics Procedures

Noninvasive Diagnostic Procedures

Characteristics:
1. it provides an indirect assessment of organ size, shape, and / or function
2. it is safe
3. it is easily reproducible
4. it requires less complex equipment for recording
5. it does not require the written consent of patient or guardian

General Nursing Tasks:

1. Decrease patients anxieties and offer support by
a. Explain purpose and procedure of test
b. Acknowledge questions regarding safety of the procedure
c. Remain with the patient while the procedure is going on
2. Use procedure in the collection of specimens that avoids contamination

A. Graphic studies of Heart and brain

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) – graphic record of electrical activity generated
by the heart during depolarization and repolarazation.
- diagnose abnormal cardiac rhythms and coronary heart disease

2. Echocardiography (ultrasound cadiography) – graphic record of motions

produced by cardiac structure as high-frequency sound vibrations are
echoed though chest wall into the heart.
- used to demonstrate valvular or other structural deformities,
detect pericardial effudion, diagnose tumors and cardiomegaly,
evaluate prosthetic valve function.

3. Electroencephalogram (ECG) – graphic record of the electrical potentials

generated by the physiological activity of the brain
- used to detect surface lesions or tumors of the brain and presence
of epilepsy.

4. Echoencephalogram – beam of ultrasound is passed though the head,

and returning echoes are graphically recorded.
- used to detect subdural hematomas, intracerebral hemorrhage, or
tumors.

B. Roentgenological studies (X-ray)

1. Chest – used to determine size, contour of the heart; size, location, and
nature of pulmonary lesions: pleural thickening and effusions:
pulmonary vasculature: disorder of thoracic ones and soft tissues.

9
 - used lead shield to protect pregnant woman

2. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) – used to determine size, shape, and
position of kidney, ureter and bladder
- No special consideration
3. Breast (Mammography) – examination of the breast with or without the
injection of the radiopaque substance into the duct of mammary gland.
- used to determined the presence of tumor or cyst (best done a
week after menstruation)
- no deodorant, perfume, powder, or ointment in underarm area on
the day of X-ray (contains Calcium oxalate)
- May be uncomfortable due to the pressure on the breast. (uses
two x-ray plates)

C. Roentgenological studies (FLUOROSCOPY) – requires the ingestion or

injection of a contrast medium to visualize the target organ.

Additional Nursing Task:

a. Administration of enemies or cathartics before the procedure and
laxative after.
b. Keeping the patient NPO 6-12 hours before examination
c. Ascertain patient’s allergy and allergic reactions
d. Observing for allergic reactions to contrast medium
e. Providing fluid and food after procedure to prevent dehydration
f. Observe stool for color and consistency until barium passes

1. Upper GI (Barium swallow) – ingestion of barium sulfate or

meglumine diatrizoate (Gastrografin [white and chalky substance],
followed by fluoroscopic and x-ray examination)
- used to determine patency and caliber of the esophagus and to
detect esophageal varices, mobility of gastric wall, presence of
ulcer, filling defects due to tumor, patency of pyloric valve and
presence of structural abnormalities
2. Lower GI (Barium Enema) – rectal instillation of barium sulfate
followed by glouroscopic and x-ray examination
- used to determine contour and mobility of colon and presence of
any space-occupying tumors. Perform before upper GI

Patients preparations:
- no food after evening meal the evening before the test
- stool softener laxatives and enema suppositories to cleanse the
bowel before the test
- NPO after midnight before the test

After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest

10
 - laxatives for at least two days or until stools are normal in color
and consistency

3. Cholecystogram – ingestion of organic iodine contrast medium

(Telepaque) followed in 12 hour by x-ray visualization
- gallbladder disease is indicated with poor or no visualization of
the bladder
- accurate only if GI and liver function is intact
- perform before barium swallow and barium enema

Patients preparations:
- administer large amount of water with contrast capsule
- low-fat meal before evening before x-ray
- oral laxative of stool softener after meal
- no food allowed after contrast capsule

After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest
- observe for any untoward reactions

4. Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) – injection of a radiopaque contrast

medium in the vein of the client to visualize ureter, bladder and kidney

Patients preparations:
- Laxative in the evening before the examination
- NPO for 12 hours
- Cleaning enema morning of the procedure

After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest;
- observe for any untoward reactions

D. Computed Tomography (CT) – an x-ray beam sweeps around the body,

allowing measuring of various tissue densities. Provides clear radiographic
deficition of structures that are not visible by other techniques.
- initial scan may be followed by “contrast enhancement” using an
injection of contrast agent iodine via vein, followed by a repeat
scan.

Patients preparations:
- instructions for eating before test vary
- clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure are permitted

11
E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – noninvasive technique that
produces cross sectional images by exposure to magnetic energy sources.
It uses no contrast medium; takes 30-0 minutes to complete. Patient may
still for periods of 5-20 minutes at a time.

Patients preparations:
- patient can take food and medications except for low abdominal
and pelvic studies (food and fluid withheld) 4-6 hr to decrease
peristalsis)
- Restrictions
a. those who have metal implants
b. those with permanent pacemakers
c. those who are pregnant

F. Ultrasound (sonogram) – uses sound waves to diagnose disorders of the

thyroid, kidney, liver, uterus, gallbladder, fetus and intracranial structures
of the neonate.

Patients preparations:
- advise client not to chew gum or smoke before the procedure
- no x-ray
- for gallbladder studies; NPO for 8 hours
- for lower abdomen and uterus ; 32 ounces of water PO 30 minutes
before the procedure

G. Pulmonary function studies

 Ventilatory studies – use of incentive spirometer to determine how well
the lung is ventilating.

1. Vital capacity (VC) – largest amount of air that can be expelled

after maximal inspiration

Normal = 4000 – 5000 mL.

Decrease = indicate lung disease
Increase or decrease = indicate chronic obstructive lung
disease

2. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) – percentage of vital capacity

that can be forcibly expired in 1, 2, or 3 seconds.

Normal = 80 – 83% in 1 sec

90 – 94% in 2 sec
95 – 97% in 3 sec

decrease = indicate expiratory airway obstruction

H. Sputum Studies

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 1. Gross sputum evaluations – collection of sputum samples to ascertain
quantity, consistency, color and odor
2. Sputum smear – sputum is smeared thinly on a slide so that it can be
studied microscopically.
- used to determine cytological changes or presence of pathogenic
microorganism
3. Sputum culture – sputum samples are implanted or inoculated into
special media.
- used to diagnosed pulmonary infection

I. Examination of the gastric contents

1. Gastric analysis – aspiration of the contents of the fasting stomach

analysis of free and total acid

Gastric acidity increase : duodenal ulcer

Gastric acidity decrease : pernicious anemia an cancer of the
stomach

J. Doppler ultrasound – measures blood flow in the major veins and

arteries. The transducer of the test instrument is placed on the
skin, sending ultra-high-frequency sound.
- sound varies with respiration and valsalva maneuver
- no discomfort to the patient.

K. Glucose Testing – to detect disorder of glucose metabolism, such

as diabetes.

1. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) – blood sample is drawn after a 12 fast

(usually midnight). Water is allowed.

Normal blood glucose ; 60 – 120 mg/dL

Diabetic patient = 126 mg/dL

2. 2 hr postprandial (PPBS) – blood is taken after meal

Patients preparations:
- offer a high-carbohydrate diet for 2-4 days before testing
- patient fast overnight
- eats a high-carbohydrate breakfast
- blood sample is drawn 2 hr interval
- no cigarette smoking and caffeine for these may increase glucose
level

Common Diagnostics Procedures

13
 Invasive Diagnostics Procedures

Characteristics:
1. it directly records the size, shape and function of an organ;
2. it requires the written consent of the patient or guardian;
3. it may result in morbidity and occasionally death.

General Nursing Task:

1. Before procedure:
a. have patient sing permit to procedure
b. ascertain and repot any patient history of allergy or allergic
reaction
c. explain procedure briefly and accurately
d. explain that contrast medium might cause flushing or warm
feeling
e. keep patient NPO 6-12 hour before procedure if anesthesia is to be
used
f. allow patient to verbalize concerns
g. administer preprocedure sedatives, as ordered
h. if procedure done at bed side:
- remain with patient and offer reassurance
- assist with optimal positioning of patient
- observe for indication of complications – shock, pain and dyspnea

2. After procedure:
a. observe and record vital signs
b. check injection or biopsy sites for bleeding, infection, tenderness,
or thrombosis
 report untoward reaction to the physician
 apply warm compress to ease discomfort, as ordered
c. if tropical anesthesia is used during procedure, do not give food or
fluid until gag reflex returns
d. encourage relaxation by allowing patient to discuss experience
and verbalize feelings.

A. Procedures to evaluate the cardiovascular system

1. Angiography – intravenous injection of radiopaque solution or
contrast for the purpose of studying its circulation through the
patient’s heart, lungs and great vessels.
- Used to check the competency of the heart valves, diagnose
congenital septal defects, study heart function and structure
before cardiac surgery, detect occlusions of coronary arteries.
2. Cardiac catheterization – insertion of a radiopaque catheter into a
vein to study the heart great vessels.
- Used to confirm diagnosis of heart disease and determine extent
of disease, measure pressures in the heart chamber and great

14
 vessels, obtain estimate of cardiac output, and obtain blood
samples to measure oxygen content.
a. Right heart catheterization – catheter is inserted through a
cut-down in the antecubital vein into the superior vena
cava, through the right atrium and ventricle and into the
pulmonary activity.
b. Left-heart catheterization- catheter maybe passed
retrograde to the left ventricle through the brachial and
femoral artery, it can be passed through the left atrium
after right-heart catherization by means of a special needle
that punctures the septa; or it may be passed directly into
the left ventricle by means of a posterior puncture.

Specific nursing considerations:

1. Preprocedure patient teaching:

a. Fatigue is a common complaint due to lying still for 3 hr
b. Feeling of fluttery sensation while the catheter is passed
back into the left ventricle
c. Flushed, warm feeling may occur when contrast medium is
injected.

2. Postprocedure observations:
a. monitor ECG pattern for arrhythmias
b. check extremities for color and temperature, peripheral
pulses for quality.

3. Angiography (Arteriography) – injection of a contrast medium in to

the arteries to
study the vascular tree.
- Used to determine obstructions or narrowing of peripheral arteries.

B. Procedure to evaluate the respiratory system

1. Lung scan – injection of radioactive isotope into the body, followed by

lung scintiscan, which produces a graphic record of gamma rays emitted
by the isotopes in the tissues.
- used to determine lung perfusion when pulmonary emboli and
infarctions are suspected.

2. Pulmonary angioghraphy – x – ray visualization of the pulmonary

vasculature after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.
- used to evaluate pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary
embolism, lung tumor and aneurysms, and changes in the
pulmonary vasculature due to such conditions as emphysema.

15
 3. Bronchoscopy – introduction of a fiberoptic scope into the trachea and
bronchi
- used to inspect tracheobronchial tree for pathological changes,
remove foreign bodies or mucous plugs causing airway
obstruction, and apply chemotherapeutic agents.
a. Prebronchoscopy interventions:
 oral hygiene
 postural drainage as indicated
b. Postbronchoscopy interventions:
 Instruct patient not to swallow oral secretions
 Save expectorated sputum for laboratory analysis
 NPO till gag reflex returns
 Observe for subcutaneous emphysema and
dyspnea
 Apply ice collar to reduce throat discomfort

4. Thoracentesis – needle puncture through the chest wall and into the
pleura
- used to remove fluid and occasionally air from the pleural space
- nursing considerations
a. position : high fowler’s position or sitting upon edge of the
bed, with feet supported on the chair.
b. If the patient is unable to sit up – turn unto unaffected side

C. Procedures to evaluate the renal system

1. Renal angiogram – small catheter is inserted into the femoral artery
and passed into the aorta or renal artery, radiopaque fluid is in stilled,
and serial films are taken.
- Used to diagnose renal hypertension and pheochromocytoma and
differentiate renal cyst from tumors.

Postangiogram nursing actions:

1. Check pedal pulse for signs of decreased circulation.

2. Cystoscopy – Visualization of bladder, urethra, and prostatic urethra by

insertion of a
tubular, lighted, telescopic lens (cystoscope) through the urinary
meatus.
- Used to directly inspect the bladder; collect urine from the renal
pelvis; obtain biopsy specimens from bladder and urethra; remove
calculi; and treat lesions in the bladder, urethra, and prostate.

Nursing actions following procedure:

 Observe for urinary retention
 Warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort

16
3. Renal biopsy – needle aspiration of tissue from the kidney for the purpose
of
microscopic examination.

Procedures to evaluate the digestive system:

1. Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy – visualization of the
esophagus, the stomach, and sometimes the duodenum by means
of a lighted tube inserted through the mouth.

2. Proctoscopy – visualization of rectum and colon by means of a

lighted tube inserted through the anus.

3. Peritoneoscopy – direct visualization of the liver and peritoneum

by means of a peritoneoscope inserted through an abdominal stab
wound.

4. Liver biospsy – needle aspiration of tissue for the purpose of

microscopic examination; used to determine tissue changes,
facilitate diagnosis, and provide information regarding a disease
course.

Nursing action:
1. Place patient on right side and position pillow for pressure, to
prevent bleeding.

5. Paracentesis – needle aspiration of fluid from the peritoneal

cavity used to relieve excess fluid accumulation or for diagnostic
studies.
a. Specific nursing actions before paracentesis:
a. Have patient void - to prevent possible injury to
bladder during procedure
b. Position – sitting up on side of bed, with feet
supported by chair.
c. Check vital signs and peripheral circulation
frequently throughout procedure
d. Observe for signs of hypovolemic shock – may
occur due to fluid shift from vascular
compartment following removal of protein – rich
ascitic fluid.

b. Specific nursing actions following paracentesis:

a. Apply pressure to injection site and cover with
sterile dressing.
b. Measure and record amount and color of ascitic
fluid; send specimens to lab for diagnostic
studies.

D. Procedures to evaluate the reproductive system in women

17
 1. Culdoscopy – surgical procedure in which a culdoscope is
inserted into the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac
- Used to visualize uterus, fallopian tube, and peritoneal
contents.

2. Breast biopsy – needle aspiration or incisional removal of

breast tissue for microscopic examination.
- used to differentiate among benign tumors, cysts, and
malignant tumor in the breast.

3. Uterotubal insufflation (Rubin’s Test) – injection of carbon

dioxide into the cervical canal.
- Used to determin fallopian tube patency

E. Procedure to evaluate the neuroendocrine system

1. Cerebral angiography – fluoroscopic visualization of the

brain vasculature after injection of a contrast medium into
the carotid or vertebral arteries
- used to localize lesions (tumors, abscesses, and occlusions) that
are large enough to distort cerebrovascular blood flow.
2. Myelogram – through a lumbar-puncture needle, a contrast
medium is injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal
column to visualize the spinal cord.
- Used to detect herniated or ruptured intervertebral disks, tumors
and cysts that compress or distort spinal cord.

Nursing consideration:
 Elevate head of bed = with water soluble contrast
 Flat position – with oil contrast
 V/s every 4 hr for 24 hr.

3. Lumbar puncture – puncture of the lumbar subarachnoid space

of the spinal cordwith a needle to withdraw samples of
cerebrospinal fluid.
- Used to evaluate CSF for infections and determine presence of
hemorrhage.

Note: not done if increased ICP is suspected

Position: Before : fetal position / knee chest position

After : flat or supine

Test Indication

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Antigen skin Test to rule-out cancer of the lungs
Benedict’s test For glucose monitoring
Bentonite Flacculation Test Test for filariasis
Beutler’s test Test for galactosemia
Blanching test Determines the impairment in circulation
Bronsulpthalein test Liver angiography
Caloric test Test done by placing water in the ear canal causes
nystagmus. A test for inner ear
CD4 determination Checking the immune status to AIDS patient
Cerebral perfusion test Test used to check the cerebral function
Coomb’s test Determines the production of the antibodies.
RhoGAM is given (1st 72 hours)
CPK BB Test for brain muscles
CPK MB Test for cardiac muscles: for MI
CPK MM Test for muscle injury
Dark field illumination test Determination for the presence of syphilis
and kalm test
Dick test Detect scarlet fever
Dull’s eye test Determines the presence of blindness. Done in 1st
ten days (+) normal (-) abnormal
ELISA test Determines presence of HIV
Gram staining and Culture Determination for the presence of gonorrhea
of cervical and urethral
smear
Gross hearing test Test used by whispering words or spoken voice
test
Guthrie test Test for PKU
Heat and Acetic acid test For protein or albumin detection
Immunochromatographic A rapid assessment method done for filariasis.
test The antigen test that can be done at daytime
Jones Criteria One way of diagnosing Rheumatic heart fever
Lepronin test A screening test for leprosy
Liver enzyme test For SGOT and SGPT
Liver profile test Determines Hepa-b surface antigen
Lumbar puncture Determines for the presence of meningitis and
encephalitis. Position the patient in side lying
position
Malaria smear Test to confirm malaria; specimen is taken at the
height or peak of fever
Mantoux test Determination for TB exposure
Meniere’s test Test for vestibular function
Methylene blue test For ketone detection
Moloney test Hypersensitivity test for Diphtheria
Oxytocin challege test Determines if the fetus can tolerate uterine
contraction; (+) CS is necessary
Pandy’s test Determines the presence of protein in the CSF

19
Phenosulpthalein test Kidney angiogram
Queckkenstedt’s test Test that involve the compression of jugular veins
Rectal swab Done in patient with cholera, pinworm detection
Rinne Test Shifted between mastoid bone and two inches
from the ear canal opening
Romberg’s test Assess gait and station such as ataxia
Schick test Susceptibility test for diphtheria (+) no immunity
(-) with immunity
Schiller’s test Staining the cervix with an iodine solution.
Healthy tissues will turn brown, while cancerous
tissue resist the stain
Schilling test Used to patient with severe chilling sensation; for
confirmation of pernicious anemia
Schwabach test Differentiate between conductive and
sensorineural deafness, mastoid of patient and
examiner
Shake test Determines the amount of surfactant in the lungs.
Skin test Purpose it to produce antigen reaction
Slit skin smear A confirmatory test for leprosy
Specific gravity test For diabetes mellitus and insipidus as well as for
dehydration
Sperm count test For male infertility (low sperm count-oversex)
Sputum exam For defection and sensitivity of causative
microorganism, for pneumonia and TB
Sulkowitch test Urine test detection for calcium deficiency and
calcium in the urine
Sweat chloride test Used to diagnosed cystic fibrosis
Tensilon (Endophonium) For rapid detection of myasthenia gravis
test
Tonometer Test used to measure ocular tension and helping
in detecting early glaucoma N=12-20 mmHg
Torniquet test Done to determine presence of petechiae in
Dengue Hemorrhagic fever
TZANK test Determination for the presence of herpes simplex
Weber test Evaluation of bone conduction. Tuning fork is
placed on patient’s forehead or teeth
Wedal’s Test For typhoid fever determination
Western blot test A confirmatory for AIDS

Arterial Blood Gases

Type Causes Manifestatio Management
ns
Respirator . COPD . Weakness . Assess VS
y Acidosis . Respiratory . Tachycardia . Monitor
pH<7.35; . Overdose . Decreased . ABG
PaCO2>45 . Atelectasis LOC . CPT

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 . Pulmonary . Headache . TCDB
edema
. Aspiration
Respirator . . . Slow
y Hyperventilation Lightheadedn breathing
Alkalosis . Anxiety ess . Paper bag
pH>7.45; . Pain . Ringing of
PaCO2<35 . Ventilators the
ears
. Tingling
Metabolic . DKA . Headache . Administer sodium
Acidosis . Diarrhea . N/V bicarbonate
pH<7.35; . ASA poisoning . Kussmaul . Monitor I/O
HCO3,22 . Renal failure respiration . Use seizure
. precautions
Dysrhythmias
Metabolic . Vomiting . Tingling . Monitor VS
Alkalosis . NGT . Dizziness . I/O
PH>7.45; . Diuretics and . Bradypnea . ABG
HCO3>26 Antacids

Remember : Respiratory Opposite; Metabolic Equal

Facts : pH = 7.35 – 7.45 PCO2 = 34 – 45 HCO3=22-26

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