A PROJECT REPORT

ON

“NGO OPERATION”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2018-2020

SUBMITTED BY:

RISHAB GARG

PRN. No. 1828100561

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Academic Study Center – BVIMR, New Delhi An
ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Institute
NAAC Accredited Grade “A” University
STUDENT DECLARATION

This is to certify that I have completed this project titled “NGO OPERATION.” under the
guidance of Mr. Yashwant Kumar in the partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Masters Of Business Administration at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University School Of
Distance Education, Delhi. This is an original piece of work and I have not submitted it earlier
elsewhere.

RISHAB GARG
PRN NO. 1828100561
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN T

First of all, I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Amarjit R.Deshmukh

(Director, BVUSDE) for giving me such a wonderful opportunity to widen the horizons of my
knowledge.
At the very outset I wish to thank Mr. Yashwant Kumar, for giving me the opportunity to
participate in this interesting research project, which helped me to gain insights into the
infrastructural research on “NGO OPERATION.”

He has supported me with his guidance, insights, and encouragement.

I am grateful to him to have spared his time and showing the patience to answer my queries. The
Kindness shown by him in spite of being so busy with his work is highly appreciated.
I would also like to thank all my fellow colleagues who supported me all the time. ThisEnsured
the prompt of this project.

(Rishab Garg)

PRN No. - 1828100561

MBA(GEN) 2ND Semester

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The main motivation of undertaking this project was to provide the detailed and comprehensive
study about the NGOs as a program. This study provides the opportunity to know the
perspective of the students about the NGOs as a program.

The report has been organized into four parts. Part I deals with the detailed overview about the
Ngo’s which are in operational in India. Part II provides is brief introduction about the
organization- GOONJ & SAVE THE CHILDREN. The Part III includes problem faced by the
NGOs in development work and sources of funds for NGOs. I owe my sincere thanks to
everyone who helped me in doing this project.

It was a fun and also a learning experience for me. I hope the knowledge and experience gained
while undertaking this project will help me in my future endeavors in one way or the other way.
NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of their
members.

Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the observance
of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate
agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals cover a broad
range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools
and athletic organizations.

NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs
and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty
alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they need to find food
and clean drinking water.
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NUMBER PAGE NUMBER

1.1 21
1.2 22
1.3 23
1.4 24
1.5 25
 LIST OF GRAPHS

GRAPH NUMBER PAGE NUMBER

1 21
2 22
3 23
4 24
5 25
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PARTICULARS PAGE NUMBER

Chapter-1 1-18
INTRODUCTION

Chapter-2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
19-20
Chapter-3

FINDING & ANALYSIS 21-25

Chapter-4

CONCLUSION 26-27
Chapter-5

RECOMMENDATIONS 28-29
Chapter-6

LIMITITATIONS OF THE STUDY 30-31

 BIBILIOGRAPHY 32

 ANNEXURE
33- 35
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
NGO (Non- Governmental Organization)

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a government and

was not founded by states. NGOs are therefore typically independent of governments. Although
the definition can technically include for-profit corporations, the term is generally restricted to
social, cultural, legal, and environmental advocacy groups having goals that are primarily
noncommercial. NGOs are usually non-profit organizations that gain at least a portion of their
funding from private sources. Current usage of the term is generally associated with the United
Nations and authentic NGOs are those that are so designated by the UN. Because the label
"NGO" is considered too broad by some, as it might cover anything that is non-governmental,
many NGOs now prefer the term private voluntary organization (PVO).A 1995 UN report on
global governance estimated that there are nearly 29,000 international NGOs. National numbers
are even higher: The United States has an estimated 2 million NGOs, most of them formed in
the past 30 years. Russia has 65,000 NGOs. Dozens are created daily. In Kenya alone, some 240
NGOs come into existence every year. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement is the world's largest group of humanitarian NGO's. Though voluntary associations
of citizens have existed throughout history, NGOs along the lines seen today, especially on the
international level, have developed in the past two centuries. One of the first such organizations,
the International Committee of the Red Cross, was founded in 1863.

Types of NGO’s

There are numerous possibilities to classify NGOs. The following is the typology the World
Bank uses


Operational NGO’s

Their primary purpose is the design and implementation of development-related projects. One
categorization that is frequently used is the division into relief-oriented or development-oriented
organizations; they can also be classified according to whether they stress service delivery or
participation; or whether they are religious and secular; and whether they are more public or
private-oriented. Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international.

Advocacy NGO’s

Their primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause. As opposed to operational

project management, these organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and
knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.

Important Features of NGO’s


Purposes

NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of their
members. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the
observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a
corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals
cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to
private schools and athletic organizations.

 
Methods

NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs
and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty
alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they need to find food
and clean drinking water.
  
Networking

The International Freedom of Expression exchanges (IFEX), founded in 1992, is global

network of more than 60 non-governmental organizations that promote and defend the right to
freedom of expression

.

Consulting

Many international NGOs have a consultative status with United Nations agencies relevant to
their area of work. As an example, the Third World Network has consultative status with the UN
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC). In 1946, only 41 NGOs had consultative status with the ECOSOC, but this number
had risen to 2,350 in 2003.

 
Management of non-governmental organizations

Two management trends are particularly relevant to NGOs: diversity management and
participatory management. Diversity management deals with different cultures in an
organization. Intercultural problems are prevalent in Northern NGOs that are engaged in
developmental activities in the South. Personnel coming from a rich country are faced with a
completely different approach of doing things in the target country. A participatory
management style is said to be typical of NGOs. It is intricately tied to the concept of a learning
organization: all people within the organization are perceived as sources for knowledge and
skills. To develop the organization, individuals have to be able to contribute in the decision
making process and they need to learn.


  
Relations

The relationship among businesses, governments, and NGOs can be quite complex and
sometimes antagonistic. Some advocacy NGOs view opposition to the interests of Western
governments and large corporations as central to their purpose. But NGOs, governments, and
companies sometimes form cooperative, conciliatory partnerships as well.

 
Staffing

Not all people working for non-governmental organizations are volunteers. Paid
staff members typically receive lower pay than in the commercial private sector. Employees are
highly committed to the aims and principles of the organization. The reasons why people
volunteer are usually not purely altruistic, but self-serving: They expect to gain skills,
experience and contacts.
 
Funding

Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the millions of dollars. For instance, the budget of the
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over $540million dollars in 1999.
Human Rights Watch spent and received US$21, 7 million in2003. Funding such large budgets
demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most NGOs. Major sources of NGO
funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international
institutions or national governments, and private donations. Several EU-grants provide funds
accessible to NGOs. Even though the term 'non-governmental organization' implies
independence of governments, some NGOs depend heavily on governments for their funding.

 
Legal status

The legal form of NGOs is diverse and depends upon homegrown variations in each
country’s laws and practices. However, four main family groups of NGOs can be found
worldwide:
Unincorporated and voluntary association
 Trusts, charities and foundations

Companies not just for profit

Entities formed or registered under special NGO or non-profit laws.NGOs are not
subjects of law, as states are. An exception is the International Committee of the Red
Cross, which is subject to certain specific matters, mainly relating to the Geneva
Convention.

Profile of the Organizations:

About GOONJ:

GOONJ.. is providing clothes & other basic amenities to millions in the far-flung villages by
turning urban wastage into a resource for rural India.

Company Overview

“ Making clothing a matter of concern..”

A unique resource mobilization initiative providing clothes and other basic amenities to
millions in the far-flung villages by turning one’s wastage into a resource for another.
Initiated in 1998 with just 67 clothes, they now send out 80 to 100 tonnes of material every
month , in 21 states of India. A force of over 300 volunteers, GOONJ is implementing its
various initiatives through over 150 grassroot organisations, panchayats, Ashoka fellows &
social activists in parts of 20 states of the country. GOONJ has recently been awarded the
'Indian NGO of the year' award for its governance and practices.

Knowing GOONJ..

The first to- Highlight clothing as a basic but unaddressed need which deserves a place
on the development agenda.

The first to- Reposition discard of urban households as a development resource for

villages, moving away from its age old stance as a charitable object.

One of the few- organizations in the world, constructively reviving and strengthening
rural volunteerism, to solve its own problems, digging deep into the age old wisdom and
knowledge base of the villages.

Goonj’s sanitary pad – is probably the world’s cheapest pad, since it’s made from
shreds of un-wearable cotton cloth collected from cities, washed, dried in sunlight and

then made into a pad that most village women are familiar with.

GOONJ has the rare distinction- of an equally vast reach among the masses in the
villages as well as the cities across India.

Impact & Innovation

Annually reach out over 1000 tones of material; from clothes, school material to old
doors, windows and computers.
 Over 900 development activities taken up under Cloth for work (CFW), in the last
2 years. From repairing roads to recharging water ponds, building bamboo bridges to
digging well; people only received clothes & other material as reward.

Large scale relief & rehabilitation work with many innovative rural income generation
initiatives like Sujni making, Vaapsi, Village Hats (village markets), tailoring cum women’s
adult education centers, school bag making units implemented in major disasters hits villages,
with direct impact on stopping migration to cities.

After Bihar floods in 2008, reached about 1500 tones of material in two years to over
200 remote villages.

Over 2 million sanitary pads produced out of waste cloth & reached to villages/slums
across India as a viable solution & powerful tool to open up taboo subject of menses!!

Over 2,00,000 Kgs of throw away waste cloth converted into traditional mattress/quilt
(Sujni) as large scale income generation activity in villages.

Systemic changes

Instead of disaster based sporadic collections, Goonj has built a culture of regular
giving.

Goonj’s sanitary pad work is highlighting important linkages e.g. between RCH,

cervical cancer and many other related women issues with menses, opening up aspects of
life usually thought too private or dangerous to make public.

The Cloth for Work is enabling communities to confront their realities , encouraging
them into action.
 Addressing ignored needs; GOONJ’s material is addressing gap areas in the work of
other development agencies.

Freeing up of meager resources; When GOONJ reaches cloth through its programmes,
larger value addition is basic economic development afforded to the individual because
the money he would have otherwise spent on buying clothes is now freed up to fulfill
more critical needs of food or health etc.

Cost effective

Annual budget; approx INR 3.5 crore (about half a million USD)

It includes-

Idea advocacy

Communication, collection, all logistics, rigorous processing, need based dispatches to

remote parts of the country

Values add in tones of waste material.Preventing material from becoming an

environmental disaster in landfills.

Capacity building of hundreds of organizations and million of people.

Opening up many hidden/ignored/taboo subjects.

Building up a movement with large scale civic participation in urban and rural India.

Village level employment especially for women.

A fulfilling full-time job to 150 people & a large scale infrastructure works in the
 villages, saving millions of rupees by using this material as a reward!!

No expenses on advertising

Involves stakeholders and get subsidized cost on transportation, printing.

No expenditure on setting up the infrastructure. Right from table, chairs, computers,

office stationary comes from individuals & institution

Their ethos, beliefs, values

To grow as an idea, not just as an organization.

They are not in the business of collecting and distributing of old clothes. They use
material as a tool to bring ignored issues to light, to talk about basic needs, to bring
communities together, to make them aware of their own power, to increase people’s
participation, to change mindsets and change the present rural infrastructure..
They don’t fix up targets, they value potential.
They don’t promote charity; they are converting the age old charitable act of giving
clothes into a development resource.
They are not focused on donor’s pride; they work is focused on the receiver’s dignity.
When people say we want to donate clothes- they strongly feel that after using as per
their need they don’t donate, they actually discard!
They don’t want to keep their ideas to themselves, they want replication in different
regions, different economies. They are developing a replication kit with a title –
“We are giving you a copy right to copy our idea.”
They strongly believe in the wisdom of people they are working for, to find solutions
to their own problems; it’s our core strength..
They don’t spend money on their own infrastructure, furniture etc. They practice
what they promote i.e. use of old material. No spending on advertising &

They don’t try to do everything on their own and use the strength of various
partners/people as stake holders!
There focus

In the race of development they all are too focused on machines i.e. the big, known issues
and are ignoring the needles the most important small parts i.e. issues. They talk about holistic
development of human kind without thinking about the basic need of clothing.

At GOONJ there focus is these needles.- With a large scale civic participation it is not only
becoming a big people’s movement for progress but is also creating a parallel economy
where every work doesn’t have to wait for money; huge quantities of old re - usable
material becomes a valuable resource.
Recognitions to GOONJ:

 2012: Global Development Awards and Medals Competition (AMC) for ‘Most
 Innovative Development Project’
  2012: Edelgive Award for health & well being
 2010: Forbes listed Mr. Anshu Gupta, Founder Director, GOONJ as one of India’s
 most powerful entrepreneurs.
  2010: Innovation for India Award by marico.
  2010: Jamnalal Bajaj CFBP Award.
  2009: Lien i3 Challenge Award for ‘Cloth for Work’.
  2009: Ashoka’s Changemakers Innovation Award for ‘Not just piece of cloth’.
  2009: CNN IBN’s ‘Real Heroes Award’ to founder GOONJ..
  2008: ‘India NGO of the Year’ Award.
  2007: World Bank’s Global DM Award for NJPC.
  2007: Recognized as one of ‘The Good Practices’ in Dubai International Awards
  2006: Changemakers Innovation Awards, for ‘Rahat’.
  2004: Ashoka Fellowship to Mr. Anshu Gupta.
 2004: Changemakers Innovation Awards for ‘School to School’.

Their initiative…..

Cloth For Work (CFW)

The idea; When they talk of basic needs, they say food, cloth & shelter, but in the list of
development subjects which has more than 100 -150 issues; from domestic violence to global
warming, clothing is not listed as a subject. We think of clothes during disasters only. Why a
basic need of entire human kind is treated as disaster relief material? Why do we treat Cloth
as mere charitable object- to donate!!
GOONJ is using under utilised cloth & other old material as a powerful & proven tool for
social change, huge resource for rural/slum development & a valuable asset for income
generation.

Worldwide when we think of resources for any kind of development work, we think of
money. Goonj works on turning old material as a resource for hundreds of rural development
activities. Communities have built huge bamboo bridges, dug up wells, have done bunding of
acres of land, developed small irrigation canals, have built drainage systems, built village
schools and have taken up massive exercises of repairing roads, developing water harvesting
systems to cleaning up water bodies. All these works are done not by paying wages to
people but by making them understand their own community power, using old material as a
reward. GOONJ is using material from the cities as an entry point into people’s lives. This is
a work where not only the old underutilized material fills up the gaps of resources in
development works but is also dignifying the act of Giving, now thousands of people don’t
get material as charity or donation but earn as reward in lieu of their work. Here are the
glimpses of development works;

How do they facilitate this; Together with our grassroots partner groups working among village
communities they facilitate discussions and debate around the local issues and possible
developmental activities. These are small but important day to day problems, faced by the
villagers, whether it’s a dirty patch surrounding the local school compound, or a broken road, or
clogged drainage system or repairing kilometres of road or working across
water bodies, or making a bamboo bridge etc., which are taken up by people with full
enthusiasm and it creates a significant impact in their daily lives. The recepients play an
active role in the thought process, its detailing, what, how,where and when, thus taking the
ownership of the work done by them.

Material is used as a tool here and not just as a commodity only; thus, nurturing village people’s
thought process, knowledge and empowering them to evolve innovative solutions around the
local issues. On a macro level, GOONJ’s work is also setting a precedent in terms of preventing
massive material wastage from becoming an environment disaster.
Not just a piece of Cloth (NJPC)

The Problem;

Women are the most marginalized in the 72% of India’s population living in rural areas.
Given the poor economic status of a vast mass, a sanitary pad for the essential biological
process of menses is the last thing on the mind of most. They end up using all kinds of rags
leading to widespread unhealthy practices during menses. The shame & silence associated
with the issue makes it the most taboo subject even among women, as a vast majority face
great hardships & indignity, besides health risks due to this problem.

MY Pad cloth sanitary Pads, a viable solution by GOONJ; Since 2004-05, GOONJ.. is working
on the issue of menstrual hygiene by initiating discussions at various national & international
forums & providing a viable solution with cloth sanitary pads. GOONJ’s ‘Not
Just a Piece of Cloth’ (NJPC)initiative starts with providing a physical product but stresses
more on long term change in practices, behavior change, education & replication.
Developed with indigenous processes, out of old cloth collected from urban masses the clean
cloth pad is provided at a cost of just ….. each while they also teach the user women to make it
on their own.

What makes the idea of clean cloth napkins successful is its simplicity and familiarity to the
beneficiaries. Instead of trying to introduce a new product or a new design, it’s an improvisation
and mass scale replication of the existing usage patterns/practices. We are simply removing the
risk elements of the existing practice, improving upon and doing a lot of value addition in terms
of cleanliness and awareness. Given their strength of a nationwide network and their
experience and expertise in mass scale management of old cloth, replication is possible on a
wide scale making it cheaper, more acceptable and faster for the beneficiaries. The
environmental dimension also plays a critical role in their thought process. Some of the products
now in the market are not biodegradable Thankfully given the price they don’t have a very big
reach, especially among rural women. GOONJ is trying to address this vast majority to offer
them a more appropriate option, preventing the bigger environmental problem of disposal in the
process.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

 To understand the efficiency and effectiveness of NGO in India.

 To know the public opinion with regard to NGO .

 To know the satisfaction of public with regard to NGO as a societal concerns .

 To identify the factors which affects improvement and development in the society .

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

 The study will help the society to know their efficiency and effectiveness towards NGO

as a societal concern.

 NGO study can find out the impact of societal concerns within the society .

 The study will help the society to work towards the depletion of NGO from the society.

 The study covers the public of India .

LIMITATIONS OF PROJECT

1. NGOs provide a tiny amount of aid compared to Governments and the World Bank –
ODA from Britain is around £10 billion a year, total donations to development charities
measured in the hundreds of millions. This relative lack of funding means NGOs can
only do a limited amount compared to bigger, official aid agencies. NGOs cannot help to
bring about Industrialistion or serious economic growth, only help small local
communities with social development.

2. NGOs spend much of their money on glossy advertising campaigns and administration
costs rather than helping people in the developing world – a good 25% of money raised is
spent on such costs.

3. A lot of aid campaigns portray images of Africans as starving and helpless in order to
generate sympathy and thus donations. This perpetuates the idea of Africa as a helpless
continent incapable of helping itself, whereas the opposite is actually true – Africa is full
of incredibly creative entrepreneurs.

4. NGO Aid can often be misguided, doing more harm than good such as with the ‘buy a
goat campaign’ or the ‘sponsor a child campaign’.
LITERATURE REVIEW

In India and abroad, several studies have been made on voluntary organizations working in urban
as well as rural areas. Much of the literature on voluntary organizations in Indian settings has
come from traditional social work. Many of the Anthropologists, Sociologists and Political
Scientists are engaged in the study of the voluntary organizations. Unfortunately, communication
among the disciplines about their findings has been far from adequate. Michael Banton’s essay
(1957) on the Anthropological Aspects of Voluntary Associations notes that “Voluntary
Associations become more common and significant as societies advance in technology,
complexity and scale”. According to Banton, the associations function as a means of “organizing
people in order to achieve new ends, such as the raising of capital, the regulation of prices and
the provision of extra labour (Stefanovic et al., 2010). David sills, a sociologist , emphasizes the
latent functions as opposed to the manifest functions of voluntary associations and distinguishes
between the functions of associations for individuals and those for society. David smith has also
reviewed the 112 K. L. Latha / SJM 6 (1) (2011) 109 - 121 contributions of formal voluntary
organizations for society, attempting to fit his analysis into a Parson Ian framework. He asserts
that the organizations perform a role in each to Talcott Parsons four structural – functional
categories of analysis, thus contributing to societal goal attainment, integration, pattern
maintenance and adaptation. The civic culture study which is based on over 5,000 interviews
conducted in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Mexico carried out by political
scientists, Gabrial Almond and Sidney Verba (1963) suggest that differences in the political
culture and socialization experiences of the citizens account for differences in the amount, kind
and effects of voluntary participation in nations which are equally urban in character. For
example, fewer Germans than Americans belong to organizations and of those who belong to a
significantly smaller percentage of the Germans are active participating members (46 percent of
the Americans compared with 16 percent of the Germans are active).
 CHAPTER- 2

Research Methodology
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1. To study the new strategies for the development of the society.
2. To study the advertising effectiveness towards the people who needs concern from food,
shelter and clothes.
3. To analyze the awareness of society regarding the kids or the people who don’t have any
home or anyone who can care about them.
4. To help each and every individual by giving them better environment to live .

Research design
The Research available is descriptive so as to describe how NGO works for the society and help

those kids and adults who don’t have any home .

Sources of Data collection

To do a research always we use sources of data collection. But according to the project I have
used both Primary and Secondary data.

Data source Primary (field survey)

Secondary(Internet,Catalogues,Broachers.)

Area of research India

Research Approach Survey Method

Research Instrument Questionnaire

Sample Unit All existing and potential customers

Random sampling
Sampling Method

60 units
Sample Size

Charts & percentage

Data Analysis:
 CHAPTER – 3

FINDING & ANALYSIS

Q 1 . Major objectives of NGO’s ?

PARTICULAR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

ADVOCACY 10 10
PROTECTION OF RIGHT 15 15
LAW OF REFORMATION 20 20
COUNSELLING 15 15

TOTAL 60 60

The same information is presented in the form of diagrammatically as follows:

20
18
16
14
12
10
PERCENTAGE
8
6
4
2
0
ADVOCACY PROTECTION OF LAW OF COUNSELLING
RIGHT REFORMATION

The information presented in table 1.1 reveals that:

10% public says major objective of ngo is advocacy , 15% public says major objective of

ngo is protection of right , 20% public says major objective of ngo is legal formation, 15%

public says major objective of ngo is counseling .

Q2 .How does a NGO work for human rights?

PARTICULAR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

DIRECT METHOD 35 35

INDIRECT METHOD 25 25

TOTAL 60 60

The same information is presented in the form of diagrammatically as follows:

35

30

25

20
PERCENTAGE
15

10

0
DIRECT INDIRECT
METHOD METHOD

The information presented in table 1.2 reveals that:

35% public says NGO work for human rights through direct method and rest 25% says
NGO work for human rights through indirect method.
Q3. What is geographical scope of NGO ?

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
URBAN 40 40
RURAL 10 10
BOTH 10 10

TOTAL 60 60

The same information is presented in the form of diagrammatically as follows:

40

35

30

25

20 PERCENTAGE

15

10

0
URBAN RURAL BOTH

The information presented in table 1.3 reveals that:

40% public says geographical scope of NGO are more in urban areas,10% public says
geographical scope of NGO are more in rural areas and rest 10% public says geographical
scope of NGO are more in both the areas.
Q4 . Nature of NGO premise ?

PARTICULAR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

PURCHASED 35 35
DENOTED 10 10
RENTED 5 5
IN HOME 10 10

TOTAL 60 60

The same information is presented in the form of diagrammatically as follows:

35
30
25
20
15
10 PERCENTAGE
5
0 PERCENTAGE

The information presented in table 1.4 reveals that:

35% of public says NGO premise are purchased, 10% of of public says NGO premise are
denoted, 5% of public says NGO premise are rented, 10% of public says NGO premise are
in home.
Q5 . Kinds of publish material NGO have?

PARTICULAR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

REGULAR PUBLICATION 35 35
SPECIAL PUBLICATION 25 25
TOTAL 60 60

The same information is presented in the form of diagrammatically as follows:

35

30

25

20
PERCENTAGE
15

10

0
REGULAR SPECIAL
PUBLICATION PUBLICATION

The information presented in table 1.5 reveals that:

35% of the public says that NGO use regular publication and rest 25% of the public says that
NGO use special publication .
CHAPTER – 4

CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSION

A n N G O i s a n o n - go v e r n m e n t a l o r ga n i z a t i on t h a t i s d r i v e n a n d t a s k - o r i e nt e d
b y individuals with one common interest. Most of the NGOs are usually structured around
specific issues like health, human rights or environment. An NGO provides expertise and
analysis and thus assists in monitoring international agreements. NGOs are very important
since they offer an organization for local communication, action and also distributing
resources when there are no existing local organizations.

In fact, an NGO provides a mechanism that could possibly work where the government
has failed. As a result, it supports grass roots initiatives as well as recognizing and
responding to the realities of the local people. Next, cheaper to implement. Since NGOs
are actual non-profit organizations, various projects can be achieved without having to
use the government’s money. This is because there are many private donors who support the
NGOs and this means that there will never be a lack of resources. Additionally, NGOs
provide a good alternative to creating mass access structures.

These mass access structures are extremely cumbersome, unreliable and costly. Another major
advantage of NGOs is that they have the capability of communicating at all levels.
This means that they can easily interact with the local people and relay their messages to top
levels of the government.

They are also capable of recruiting highly motivated staff and experts with lesser
restrictions than employees working for the government. NGOs are flexible in becoming
accustomed to local conditions and responding to the local needs. For that reason, they
can experiment freely with new approaches and take risks if necessary. They can develop
integrated projects to help the local people. The major shortcoming of NGOs is the
overdependence on private financial resources, especially when the donors fail to make their
donations.
 CHAPTER – 5

RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS

 First , recommendation is that the people should be aware about their society and help
those institutes which are working for the welfare of those people who don’t have any
home , food and clothing etc.

 Second , recommendations is that people should try to help those institutes which are
working for the welfare of the society.

 Third , recommendations is Freeing Up Space for those who don’t have any home or
shelter to live .

 Fourth , recommendation is Development of the society gives them a better

environment to live.

 Fifth , recommendation is try to help each and every individual whether its poor or
anybody else equal importance should be given all those who are suffering from any
problems or issues.

 Sixth , recommendation is government should check whether the society needs are
fulfilling or not or also organizations should help these institutes so that they can make a
better environment to live within the society.
 CHAPTER - 6

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Not single work is exception to the limitations every work has got its own limitations, so due to

time constraint, my study confines only to India and it is not possible to make extensive study. It

is assumed that the sample selected represents entire population.

a. Because of time constraint, my study confines only to India and it is not possible to
make extensive study.

b. By busy schedule of the individuals it is difficult to extract more information from

them.

c. Unwillingness of Public has left us to make random conclusions.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

REFERENCE BOOKS:-

1. UNDERSTANDING INDIAN SOCIETY B.S. BAVISKAR

2 India's Current Social Problems H.S. VERMA

WEBSITES:-

https://www.dioceseny.org/mission-and-outreach/social-concerns/
ANNEXURE
 Questionnaire

Dear Sir/Madam,

Please provide the below mentioned information:

Name: _______________________________________________________

Address: _______________________________________________________

Gender: Male [ ] Female [ ]

Q1.)Major objective of NGO’s ?

Answer 1.)
 Advocacy
 Protection Of Right
 Law Of Reformation
 Counselling

Q 2 .) How does NGO works for human rights?

Answer 2.)
 Direct Method
 Indirect Method

Q 3 .) What is geographical scope of NGO ?

Answer 3.)

 Urban
 Rural
 Both
Q 4 .) Nature of NGO premise?
Answer 4.)
 Purchased
 Denoted
 Rented
 In Home

Q 5 .) Kinds of publish material NGO have ?

Answer 5.)
 Regular Publications
 Special Publications