The Human and Plant

Reproductive System
Threesha Gee Maree A. Bahingawan, LPT
 Learning Objectives
 differentiatesexual and asexual;
 label the external and internal reproductive parts
of plants and humans;
 explain the role of each reproductive plant and
human;
 describe and compare the different modes of
asexual and sexual reproduction in
plants/humans; and
 point out some differences in flowers.
 Modes of Reproduction
Asexual
 Involves single parent
 No gamete formation or fertilization

 Takes place in small period of

time/rapid multiplication
 Limited variation
Asexual Reproduction
1. Fission (Ex. Bacteria)
2. Fragmentation (Ex. Planaria)
3. Regeneration (Ex. Lizard and
Planaria)
4. Budding (Ex. Bacteria)
5. Vegetative Propagation (Ex.
Rose)
 Modes of Reproduction
Sexual
 Involves two parents
 Fertilization occurs

 Gamete formation (Egg and sperm

cells) (Pollen grains and ovum)
Review
 Mitosis is the type of cell division that
occurs in non-reproductive cells.
 Produces exact copies of the parent cell
 Meiosis is cell division that occurs in
reproductive cells; gametes.
 Produces egg and sperm cells with half
the genetic material of the parent cells.
 SPERMATOGENESIS
Spermatogonia/Spermatogonium
Spermatocyte/s
Stage 1: Formation of
Spermatocytes through mitosis
Stage 2: Meiosis
Stage 3: Spermiogenesis
 OOGENESIS
OOGONIA/OOGOnium
OOCYTE/S
Organs of the Male Reproductive
System
 Penis
 Urethra
 Vas Deferens
 Scrotum
 Testes
 Bladder*
*Not a part of the reproductive system
 External Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Penis: the external
reproductive organ, urethra
passes through the penis
and allows urine and semen
to exit the body.
 Scrotum: a sac or pouch
which holds the testes.
 Maintain the proper
temperature of the testes.
 37oC is maintained.
 Internal Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Bladder*: holds urine
prior to urination. Urine
leaves the bladder via
the urethra.
 Urethra: a tube which
allows urine and semen
to exit the body.
Connects to the bladder
Internal Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Vas deferens: a tube
which connects the
testes to the urethra and
allows semen to exit the
body.
 Testes: two glands
which produce sperm
and hormones
(testosterone)
 Organs of the Female
Reproductive System
 Vagina
 Cervix

 Uterus

 Fallopian Tubes

 Ovary
 Organs of the Female
Reproductive System
 Vagina: also called
the birth canal, a tube
leading from the
uterus to the outside of
the body.
 Cervix: the lower
portion of the uterus;
where the vagina and
uterus meet.
Organs of the Female
Reproductive System
 Uterus: a hollow, fist-
sized organ located
between the bladder and
rectum.
 Fallopian Tubes: also
called oviducts; are two
tubes connecting the
uterus with the ovaries.
 Organs of the Female
Reproductive System
 Ovaries: small organs on the ends of the
Fallopian tubes responsible for the
production and release of eggs.
 Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever
produce.
 Ovaries alternate the release of eggs each
month.
 Like testes, the ovaries produce hormones-
estrogen.
 This release of the ova is called ovulation.
 Plants
Vascular (Seed)
 Flowering plants
Non-vascular (Seedless)
Non-flowering plants
 Male Reproductive Parts
 Stamens – the male
reproductive pare of a
flower.

 Pollen – is a powder
that contains male
reproductive cells that
is produced by stamen.
STAMEN
 The stamen
consists of two
parts: Anther and
Filament
 Meiosis occurs

 Supports the anther

 Female Reproductive Parts
 Pistil – contains the
female reproductive
parts of a flower.

 Ovary – part of the

flower in which seeds
develop, located at
the bottom of the pistil
in a hollow structure.
PISTIL
 The pistil consists of
the stigma, style and
ovary.
 Receives the pollen
from the anther
 The pollen grows a
tube down through the
style.
 Meiosis occurs in the
ovary to produce
haploid ovules.
 Accessory Structures
 Petals: colourful  Sepals: surround
structures that attract and protect the
pollinators. flower bud.
Pollination Vectors
Wind Pollination: Dull, scentless
flowers with reduced petals
Bees/Butterfly Pollination: Bright
color, nectaries, scent.
They sip nectar, get pollen on coats,
transfer pollen from flower to flower
Bird Pollination: Nectaries, bright
colors, tube-like flowers
Moth Pollination: White petals,
open at night
Fly Pollination:Rank odor, flesh
colored petals
Pollen Grain Anther Sac

Pollen grains contain two haploid cells produced

through meiosis.
1- The Tube cell – will grow the pollen tube.
2- The Generative cell – will go through mitosis
to create two sperm cells.
Ovary
Each ovule within an ovary
has a micropyle
Megaspore
Fertilization
 After pollen lands on the stigma, a
pollen tube grows down through the
style to ovary
 Double fertilization occurs:
one sperm fertilizes the egg
 one sperm the two polar nuclei together
Seed and Fruit Development
 After fertilization,
the petals and
sepals fall off
flower
 Ovary “ripens” into
a fruit
 The ovule
develops into a
seed
Seed Dispersal Mechanisms-
Allow plants to colonize new areas and
avoid shade of parent plant

Wind Dispersal - Flight

mechanisms, like parachutes,
wings, etc.
Ex. Dandelion, maples, birch
Animal Dispersal - Fleshy fruits
which animals eat, drop
undigested seeds in feces or
burrs which stick to animals’
coats
Gravity Dispersal -
Heavy nuts fall to
ground and roll
ex. acorns
Water Dispersal -
Plants
near water create
floating
fruits
ex. coconuts