MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

Part 1: Strategic Aspect of M,R&R

Eliza Rosmaya P, Ph.D

PROGRAM MAGISTER TEKNIK SIPIL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
6 SEPTEMBER2019
Terms for Defining Maintenance
Maintenance is the act of keeping property or equipment
in good condition by making repairs, correcting problems,
etc (the online Merriam-Webster Learner’s dictionary)
Maintenance is defined as the action of keeping in
effective condition, in working order, in repair (Hudson
1997)
Maintenance is that set of activities required to keep a
component, system, infrastructure asset, or facility
functioning as it was originally designed and constructed
to function. (Hudson 2013)
Nearly all sources recognize the need for
some regular maintenance activities.
Changing the oil in Preventive maintenance
the car on regular
basis If done regularly, Routine Maintenance

Field crew travels over every However, not all routine maintenance is
bridge within its service area to preventive in nature.
fill potholes, clean wild grass, Corrective maintenance is done to remedy an
and patch approach slabs obvious flaw and is an after-the-fact activity

If it was done by in-house, If it was done by contract,

If it a small scale of work, If it larger scale of work, A growing trend to privatization is blurring
If it is to retain the original VS If it is to change in function the dividing line between maintenance and
state, of a facility rehabilitation.
it was termed it was termed
“Maintenance” “Rehabilitation”
The
relationships
between
subsets of
maintenance…
Preventive maintenance
(proactive maintenance or
preservation)
Corrective maintenance
(reactive maintenance)
Routine maintenance
Hard-time replacement (HTR)
On-condition maintenance
Critical maintenance
It is performed to retard or prevent deterioration or failure of a component or system.
It is performed to repair damage and/or to restore infrastructure facilities to satisfactory operation,
or function, after failure.
It is any maintenance done on a regular basis or schedule. It is generally preventive in nature, but
may be corrective.
It is replacement after a certain length of time, regardless of whether the component has failed or
not. It is therefore a type of routine maintenance, but may also be corrective or preventive.
It is maintenance done in response to condition-monitoring actions indicating impending
deterioration or failure. By definition it is a type of preventive maintenance.
It is defined by some as the maintenance that must be done immediately to prevent imminent
collapse or functional failure.
 Preservation is defined as the act or process of
applying measures necessary to sustain the existing
The US’s form, integrity, and materials of a historic
properties.
Maintenance Key ideas relating to preservation standards
standards for include the following:
❑Use the property as it was used historically, or
Historic find a new use that maximizes retention of
Properties: distinction features.
❑Preserve the historic character (continuum of
Preservation property’s history)
❑Stabilize, consolidate, and conserve existing
historic materials.
❑Replace minimum amount of fabric necessary
and in kind (match materials)
 Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of
making possible a compatible use for a property
through repair, alterations and additions, while
The US’s preserving those portions or features that convey
its historical, cultural, or architectural values.
Maintenance Key ideas relating to rehabilitation standards
standards for include the following:

Historic ❑Use the property as it was used historically, or

find a new use that maximizes retention of
Properties: distinction features.
❑Preserve the historic character (continuum of
Rehabilitation property’s history)
❑Repair deteriorated feature. Replace a severely
deteriorated feature with matching feature.
❑New additions and alterations should not
destroy historic materials or character.
 Restoration is defined as the act or process of
accurately depicting the form, features, and character of
a property as it appeared at a particular period of time.
The US’s This is accomplished by removing features from other
periods in its history and reconstructing missing features
Maintenance from the restoration period.
Key ideas relating to restoration standards include the
standards for following:

Historic ❑ Use the property as it was used historically, or find a

new use that reflects the property’s restoration
Properties: period.
❑ Stabilize, consolidate, and conserve features from the
Restoration restoration period.
❑ Replace a severely deteriorated feature with a
matching feature (substitute materials may be used)
❑ Replace missing features from the restoration period
based on documentation and physical evidence.
❑ Do not execute a design that was never build
 Reconstruction is defined as the act or process of depicting,
by means of new construction, the form, features, and
detailing of a non surviving site, landscape, building structure,
or object, for the purpose of replicating its appearance at a
specific period of time and in its historic location.
The US’s Key ideas relating to restoration standards include the
Maintenance following:
❑ Do not reconstruct vanished portions of a property unless
standards for the reconstruction is essential to public understanding

Historic ❑ Reconstruct based on documentary and physical evidence

❑ Precede reconstruction with a thorough archeological
Properties: investigation
Reconstruction ❑ Preserve any remaining historic feature
❑ Recreate the appearance of the property (substitute
material may be used)
❑ Identify the reconstructed property as a contemporary
recreation
❑ Do not execute a design that was never build
Maintainability
Urban freeways and bridges often carry more than 200,000
vehicles per day; as a result it is very difficult to close such a facility,
even for a short time at night.
Blanchard 95
Maintainability defineinmaintainability
is defined different ways. in a more objective
• The ease with which a facilityway or system
as: can be maintained.
• The reciprocal of the mean net time required to perform maintenance.
• TheAcapacity
characteristic of maintenance
to carry out design and with installation which is
ease and minimum
expenditure while maintaining the safety of the crew and a desired
expressed as theinprobability
level of accuracy that an item will be retained in
the repair work.
• restored
or to a specified
A design element condition
that considers the easewithin a given inperiod
of maintenance the of
future.
time,
• Beingwhen
able tomaintenance is performed
get to the area for in accordance with
servicing or repair.
prescribed procedures and resources.
Issue related to maintainability
If maintainability is to be an inherent characteristic of design, it must
involve the designer’s vision of the end product.
◦ However it is obvious that the as-built end product is not completely in the hands of
the designer.
◦ Therefore, true maintainability characteristics may be different from those perceived
in the design.
A fundamental question is whether maintainability is related to the
frequency of maintenance actions performed during a system’s life cycle.
◦ In one sense, we might say maintainability should be simply expressed in terms of
the mean time to repair (Smith 93)
◦ However, this does not capture the probability aspect over a given period of time as
defined by Blanchard et. Al (95)
Maintainability Analysis
Maintainability measures:
1. Qualitative maintainability
Incorporated in a system-design process
2. Quantitative maintainability
Allowable resources or time required to perform a given type of task, ex.
Mean time to repair (MTTR), mean time between failures.

Maintainability analysis precisely defines a system’s maintainability

requirements and provides the designers and the organizations
responsible for the system’s design and development with timely
information as to how effectively the established repair-time goals are
being met.
Concept of Availability
Availability is the probability of a system or component
being service when required.
Availability = MTBF/ (MTBF+MTTR)
Note:
MTBF = mean time between failures = the mean of total active time
for the component during a given period
MTTR = mean time to repair = mean of times required to repair an
item or system during a given period.
Relationship between availability,
reliability and maintainability
Reliability and maintainability contribute in varying
proportions to provide certain levels of availability.
It is evident that if a certain degree of system availability
cannot be economically achieved through emphasis in
reliability, then it can be achieved only by incorporating
better maintainability in the design.
Maintainability is the most significant factor in the eventual
solution of the optimum readiness of system.
Trade-Offs among Design Objectives in
Relation to Maintenance Engineering
Design Data
Reliability &
Trade-off techniques are analytical Market
Analysis Data
Maintenance
Data
process whereby a complex design
problem, involving the selection of one
of several possible design variants, is
Managemen
broken down into a number of smaller t Planning
Logistic
Support Data
Data LIFE
problems. CYCLE
COSTING
Each problem is studied in the light of
all the system parameters, such as: Production
Reliability, Availability, Safety, Accounting
Data
or
Construction
Production, and Schedule. Data

Value Consumer
Analysis & Utilization
Related Data Data
Priority order for design objectives while
carrying out trade-off studies (Anderson 90)

1st order System effectiveness

2nd order Operational availability
3rd order Reliability, maintainability, support
4th order Parameters for reliability, maintainability, support
Reliability-Centered Maintenance:
as a part of some contemporary infrastructure design practices
Reliability is usually defined as “the probability that a The primary
component or system will satisfactorily perform its objective of RCM is
specified function for the specified or required period of
time under given or predicted operating conditions.” to prioritize
◦ Satisfactory performance over time is a probabilistic situation related to
maintenance
variations in material properties, physical environment and load. activities according
◦ Data regarding failure rate versus time are usually the basis of reliability to both risk and
predictions for infrastructure components.
consequence of
◦ A system may experience different failure rates, depending upon where it
is in its life cycle. failure.
◦ It is important to know the details of the failure mechanism and their
causes, so that proper design, maintenance, or operation actions can be
taken to achieve the specified reliability.
Six patterns or types of failures (Moubray 92):
ME items
Structural components, and
therefore most public infrastructure,
generally experience low or
insignificant failure rates until near
the end of their “structural life” at
which time failure rates begin to
climb by pattern B).
Age is therefore observed as the
major determinant of the failure
probability of an infrastructure
system.
Maintenance Management System
(MMS)
In the broad, generic sense, Maintenance Management means
ensuring that proper maintenance is applied at the proper time and
location in the life cycle of the infrastructure
A MMS involves not only with the physical maintenance program,
but also recording cost, volume of work, labor hours, and related
topics associated with the day-to-day operations of a highway
network.
Linkage of Operations and Maintenance
(Grigg 88)
Adjust
Operations

Condition &
Operations Performance
Check?
Preventive Maintenance
& Minor Repairs

Facility Repair
Maintenance Facilities
Source: Uddin, 2013
Current Practice of Maintenance
❑Do crisis maintenance only
❑Maintain the worst facilities first
❑Perform opportunistic maintenance when related work is scheduled
❑Use prespecified maintenance cycles
❑Repair those components with the highest risk of failure
❑Use preventive maintenance
❑Reduce the demand for wear and tear on the facility
❑Compare the economic advantages of maintenances strategies
Thank you