Name of drug Mechanism Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert

of action

Omeprazole Omeprazole PO: 40 Shot-term treatment for Contraindicated CNS: - Give before meals
is converted mg tab erosive esophagitis and with H e a da che , Rationale: to avoid
Classification: to active OD symptomatic hypersensitivity dizziness, stomach upset
Benzimidazole an metabolites gastroesophageal reflux to omeprazole or asthenia, - Do not crush or chew
d a Gastric acid that disease (GERD) poorly its components vertigo,insomnia, tablets, swallow whole
pump inhibitor. irreversibly responsive to other apathy,anxiety, Rationale: chewed
bind and treatment. Omeprazole is paresthesias,drea tablets and opened
inhibit H+-K+- used for the long-term m abnormalities capsules decreased the
ATPase (an treatment of pathologic Dermatologic: effectiveness of drugs
enzyme on hypersecretory conditions Rash,inflammation - Evaluate for
the surface of and active duodenal , therapeutic response like
gastric cancer. It is a maintenance urticaria, relief of Gastrointestinal
parietal healing of erosive pruritus,alopecia, symptoms
cells). It esophagitis. Omeprazole dry skin Question if
inhibits can also be used in the GI: Gastrointestinal
transport of treatment of H. Diarrhea, discomfort, nausea, and
hydrogen pylori associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea occurs.
ions into the duodenal ulcer and active nausea, vomiting, Rationale: The patient is
gastric benign gastric ulcers. It is constipation, continually evaluated for
lumen. also used in the prevention drymouth, therapeutic response and
Omeprazole and treatment of NSAID- tongueatrophy the occurrence of drug
increases the induced ulcers. Respiratory: side effects for
gastric pH URI symptoms, evaluation of both the
and reduces cough, epistaxis effectiveness and toxicity
gastric acid of the drug
formation - when taking
omeprazole be careful
Date given: while driving or
September 17, operating machinery
2011 because Dizziness may
occur (avoid driving or
performing hazardous
tasks);headache (request
medications);
nausea,vomiting,
diarrhea (maintain
proper
nutrition);symptoms of
upper respiratory tract
infection,cough (do not
self-medicate; consult
with your health care
provider if
uncomfortable).
Rationale: Omeprazole
generally does not cause
any problems with your
ability to drive a car or
operate machinery.
However, as with many
other medicines, it could
be dangerous if you
were not fully alert
 Name of drug Mechanism Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert
of action

Paracetamol Inhibits PO: 500 Temporary relief of pain Paracetamol is Early signs of - Assess patient’s painor
prostaglandi mg q4 and discomfort from contraindicated toxicity: Anorexia, temperaturebeforetherapyand
Classification: n synthesis hours headache,fever,cold, flu, in nausea, regularlythereafter
antipyretics, in the CNS PRN for minor muscularaches, hypersensitivity, diaphoresis Rationale:Toindicatebaseline
nonopioid and blocks fever overexertion,menstrual analgesic (excessive dataandmonitordrug’s
analgesics the pain cramps,toothache, minor art nephropathy, sweating), effectiveness
impulse hritic pain. renal and hepatic generalized -Asses patient’s drug
through a impairment. weakness within historyand calculate total
peripheral the first 12-24 daily dosageaccordingly
action. It acts hours. Rationale:Topreventover
on the dosagethatcouldleadtotoxicity
hypothalami Late signs of andliverdamage.
c heat- toxicity: Vomiting, - Be alert for signs of
regulating right upper reactionsand druginteractions.
center, quadrant Rationale: To
producing tenderness, establish properprecautionar
peripheral elevated liver y measuresandmanagement
vasodilation. function tests for possibleadverseeffectsof
It results in within 48-72 drug.
antipyresis hours after -Assess patient’s and
and produces ingestion. family’sknowledgeofdrug
Date given: analgesic Antidote: therapy.
August 13,2011 effect. Acetylcysteine. Rationale:
To determinethe level
of understandingofthe
patient and herfamilyabout
thedrugtherapy
 Name of drug Mechanism of action Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert

Ascorbic acid Assists in collagen PO: 500 mg Vitamin C is Previous GI: -May give without
formation, tissue BID used for hypersensitivity; Nausea, vomiting, regard to food.
Classification: repair; involved in prevention and products heartburn, diarrhea. -Assess for clinical
Vitamin oxidation reduction treatment of containing Hematologic: improvement
reactions, other scurvy, alcohol, Acute hemolytic (improved sense of
metabolic reactions. acidification of aspartame, anemia (patients well-being and sleep
Vitamin C is involved urine, dietary saccharin, sugar, with deficiency patterns).
in metabolism; supplement, or tartrazine of G6PD); sickle -Observe for
carbohydrate prevention of (FDC yellow dye cellcrisis. reversal of
utilization; synthesis and reduction #5) should be CNS: deficiency symptoms
of lipids, proteins, in the severity avoided in Headache(high doses). (gingivitis, bleeding
carnitine. It also of colds. patients who Urogenital: gums, poor wound
preserves blood vessel have Arthritis, dysuria, healing, digestive
integrity. hypersensitivity crystalluria (high difficulties, joint
or intolerance to doses) pain).
these Patient Teachings
compounds. for Clients Taking
Vitamin C
-Abrupt vitamin C
withdrawal may
produce rebound
Date given: deficiency.
August 15, 2011 - Takelarge dosesof
vitamin C in divided
amounts
Rationale: the body
uses only what is
needed at a
particular time and
excretes the rest in
urine
 Name of drug Mechanism of action Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert

Tramadol Tramadol binds to µ- PO: 50mg Tramadol is should not be agitation, * For ambulatory
opiate receptors and q12 hours used to treat administered to hallucinations, patients: Be careful
Classification: inhibits reuptake of moderate to patients who have fever, fast heart in rising and
Analgesic. norepinephrine and moderately previously rate, overactive walking. Avoid
serotonin. It reduces sever pain demonstrated reflexes, nausea, driving and other
intensity of pain hypersensitivity to vomiting, diarrhea, potentially
stimuli incoming from tramadol, any loss of coordination, hazardous activities
sensory nerve other component fainting; that require mental
endings, altering pain of this product or seizure alertness until drug’s
perception and opioids. (convulsions); CNS effects are
emotional response to a red, blistering, known.
pain. peeling skin rash; or * Avoid giving
shallow breathing, tramadol to patients
weak... with acute
abdominal
conditions
Rationale: because it
may mask evidence
and disrupt
Date given: assessment of the
August 23, 2011 abdomen.
* Monitor patient for
drug dependence.
Rationale: Drug can
produce dependence
similar to that of
codeine or
dextropropoxyphene
and thus has
potential for abuse.
 Name of drug Mechanism of action Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert

Ketorolac Anti-inflammatory and 30g I.V q8 Short-term Contraindicated CNS: - Patients who have
analgesic activity; hours management with significant headache, asthma, aspirin-
Classification: inhibits prostaglandins of pain (up to renal impairment, dizziness, induced allergy, and
:Antipyretic NSAID and 5days) during somnolence, nasal polyps are at
leukotrienesynthesis labor and delivery, insomnia, fatigue, increased risk for
Ophthalmic: lactation, aspirin dizziness, developing
relief of allergy, recent tinnitus hypersensitivity
ocular itching GI bleed or ,ophthalmologic reactions. Assess for
due to seasonal perforation effects rhinitis, asthma, and
conjunctivitis urticaria.
and relief - Ketorolac therapy
of post- should always be
operative given initially by the
inflammation IM or IV route. Oral
after cataract therapy should be
surgery used only as a
continuation of
Date given: parenteral therapy.
August 12, 2011 - Advise patient to
consult if rash,
itching, visual
disturbances,
tinnitus, weight gain,
edema, black stools,
persistent headche,
or influenza-like
syndromes
(chills,fever,muscles
aches, pain) occur.
- Effectiveness of
therapy can be
demonstrated by
decrease in severity
of pain. Patients who
do not respond to
one NSAIDs may
respond to another.
 Name of drug Mechanism of action Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert

Cefuroxime Cefuroxime binds to IV: 750 mg Cefuroxime is *Contraindicated CV: phlebitis, -Question for history
bacterial membranes. every 8 used to treat in patients thrombophlebitis of hypersensitivity
Classification: It inhibits synthesis of hours post otitis media, hypersensitive to GI: to this drugs ,
second-generation bacterial cell wall. operative respiratory drug. pseudomembranous particularly
cephalosporin and tract, * Use cautiously in colitis, nausea, cephalosporins and
antibiotic genitourniary patients anorexia, vomiting, penicillins.
tract, hypersensitive to diarrhea Rationale: to avoid
gynecologic, penicillin because Hematologic: allergy
skin, and bone of possibility of transient -Give without
infections. It is cross-sensitivity neutropenia, regards to meals. If
also used in the with other beta- eosinophilia, GI upset occurs give
treatment of lactam antibiotics. hemolytic anemia, with food or milk.
speticemia, thrombocytopenia -Avoid crushing
bacterial Skin: maculopapular tablets due to bitter
meningitis, and erythematous taste.
gonorrhea, and rashes, urticaria, Rationale: chewed
other pain, induration, tablets decreased
gonococcal sterile abscesses, the effectiveness of
Date given: infections. temperature drugs
August 12, 2011 Cefuroxime can elevation, tissue - Intramuscular
also be used for sloughing at injections must be
ampicillin- intramuscular administered deep
resistant injection site IM rationale: to
influenza, Other: minimize
perioperative hypersensitivity discomfort.
prophylaxis, reactions, serum -Discomfort may
impetigo, acute sickness, occur with IM
bacterial anaphylaxis. injection.
maxillary -Doses should be
sinusitis, and evenly spaced.
early Lyme -Continue antibiotic
disease. therapy for full
length of treatment.
 Name of drug Mechanism of Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert
action

Ciprofloxacin PO: 500 mg 1 Ciprofloxacin is used Ciprofloxacin -severe dizziness, -Patients taking
Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA tab BID in the treatment of should be avoided fainting, fast or ciprofloxacin
enzyme in chronic bacterial by pregnant pounding usually develop
Classification: susceptible prostatitis. It is also women as well as heartbeats sensitivity of the
Fluoroquinolone microorganisms. It used in the treatment by lactating -sudden pain, skin to direct
and an Anti- interferes with of skin or skin mothers since it snapping or sunlight therefore
infective bacterial DNA structure, GI tract, could harm the popping sound, these patients need
replication. bone or joint, lower baby. This drug is bruising, to avoid direct
Ciprofloxacin is respiratory tract, and contraindicated swelling, exposure to the
also bactericidal. urinary tract in patients who tenderness, sun.
infections. have shown stiffness, or loss -The medication
Ciprofloxacin is also hypersensitivity of movement in should also be used
used in the treatment to ciprofloxacin any of your with strict
of chancroid. or to any other joints; precautions in
Ciprofloxacin is also quinolones. -diarrhea that is patients with
used in the treatment watery or bloody; history of seizures
Date given: of infectious diarrhea, -confusion, Rationale: it has
August 23, 2011 uncomplicated hallucinations, been reported that
gonorrhea, empiric depression, this drug causes
treatment of febrile unusual thoughts seizures.
neutropenia, and acute or behavior;
sinusitis. It can also be -seizure
used for conjunctival (convulsions);
keratitis, -pale or yellowed
keratoconjunctivitis, skin, dark colored
corneal ulcers, urine, fever,
blepharitis, weakness;
dacrocystitis, -easy bruising or
blepharoconjunctivitis, bleeding;
and acute
meibomianitis.
Routes and Dosage of
Ciprofloxacin
 Name of drug Mechanism of Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert
action

Methylcobal Methycobal is a PO: 500 mg 1 Methycobal The drug is -Headache - While taking the
mecobalamin tab TID Tablets are contraindicated -Heat sensation drug
Classification: drug, a co- administered for to patients who -Feeling warm Mecobalamin, it is
Nootropics & enzyme of treating has a known (general). not advised by the
Neurotonics/Neurotrophics Vitamin B that peripheral allergy to -Pain around the doctor to drink
transpires in the neuropathies. Mecobalamin. intramuscular any alcoholic
blood and the The drug is not injection site beverages because
cerebrospinal recommended -Pain at the of the effects it
fluid. It is utilized also with persons intramuscular produces on the
by the nerve whoa re taking injection site drug. Patients with
tissue more multiple -induration at pernicious anemia
broadly than medications. In the may have to take
other such cases, it may intramuscular the drug for the
homologues of be taken injection site -A rest of his/her life
vitamin B12. cautiously or hardened mass to -Avoid
unless if the drug forms within the irrevocable
is prescribed by muscle at the damage to the
your physician. intramuscular spinal cord. It is
Date given: injection site. necessary to check
Setember 14, 2011 your blood every
three to six
months to monitor
progress.
 Name of drug Mechanism of Dosage Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing alert
action

Etoricoxib The mechanism of PO: 120 mg 1 Contraindicated Central Nervous -Administer with foods
action of this drug cap OD for pain -This medication in patients with System- rationale: to prevent GI
Classification: is a COX-2 is a non-steroidal peptic ulcer, nervousness, upset.
Analgesic selective inhibitor. anti- severe heart depression, -Use cautiously in
/NSAID This drug inflammatory disease, stroke, drowsiness, patients with renal/liver
selectively inhibits drug (NSAID), and insomnia, vertigo dysfunction
isoform 2 of cyclo- prescribed for hypersensitivity. and ringing in the Rationale: to monitor for
oxyginase osteoarthritis, ear. hepatic
enzymes (COX-2). rheumatoid Heart- Chest pain, Failure and impair renal
This reduces the arthritis and high blood function
generation of gouty arthritis. pressure and -advice patient to avoid
prostaglandins fluid retention. alcohol intake
(PGs) from -relief of chronic Metabolic- Taste Rationale: GI upset or
Date given: arachidonic acid. musculoskeletal disturbances, Gastric ulcer may result.
August 23, 2011 Among the pain mouth ulcer, loss -Instruct the patient to
different functions -relief of acute of appetite and report occurrences of
exerted by PGs, pain weight loss. side effects.
their role in the Miscellaneous- Rationale: To
inflammation Kidney damage, establish properprecautionary
cascade should be fever, GI measuresandmanagement
highlighted. This disorders, muscle for possiblesideeffectsof drug.
drug non-steroidal pain and -Alert the client that
anti-inflammatory influenza-like many herbal products
drugs (NSAIDs). syndrome. may interact with NSAIDs
COX is involved in Rationale: because of the
producing interact the effectiveness
prostaglandins, in of the drug may decrease.
response to
certain diseases
and injury.