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Chap01 PDF
Chap01 PDF
Chap01 PDF
Re
dw
oo
ds
a re
t he
tal
le s
t tr
ee
s in
t he
wo
rld.
Structure
of Living
Things
PAGE 24
Lesson 2
From Cells
to Organisms
PAGE 36
Lesson 3
Diversity
of Organisms
PAGE 46
5 LS 2. Plants and animals have structures
for respiration, digestion, waste disposal,
and transport of materials.
ELA R 5.2.3.
Discern main
ideas and
concepts presented in
texts, identifying and
assessing evidence that
supports those ideas.
ELA W 5.2.4. Write
persuasive letters
or compositions: b.
Support a position
with relevant
evidence.
22
Cells
Building block lesson for 5 LS 2.a. Students know many multicellular organisms have
specialized structures to support the transport of materials.
Draw Conclusions
Compare How were the plant leaf slide
and animal blood slide alike? How were
they different? Step
Explore More
Examine the drawings you made and think about
the living things they came from. Do you think that a
leaf from another plant would look the same? Make a Step
prediction and plan an experiment to test it.
-Glossary
@ www.macmillanmh.com
▶ Reading Skill
Summarize
Ac[[O`g
26
EXPLAIN
Quick Check
Summarize Describe the
relationship between a cell and a
living thing.
▲ animal cells
Critical Thinking What is the
difference between a living thing
and a nonliving thing?
27
EXPLAIN
Animal Cell
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
vacuole
cell membrane
28
EXPLAIN
29
EXPLAIN
Plant Cell
nucleus
vacuole
mitochondrion
cytoplasm
chloroplast
cell wall
cell membrane
Reading Diagrams
30
EXPLAIN
31
EXPLAIN
1670s—Dutch
scientist Anton van
Leeuwenhoek improves 1860s–1890s—
lens technology to Scientists develop
magnify between 75 new ways of
and 200 times. staining cells so
they are easier to
see and study under
a microscope.
1665—English scientist
Robert Hooke studies slices
of cork, calling the tiny
boxes that he sees “cells”
after a Latin word that
means “little rooms.”
1982—Scientists build
the scanning tunneling
microscope that allows you
to see individual blood cells.
Reading Diagrams
experiment
Learn It
experiment
experiment
experiment
Try It
▶
5 IE 6.f. Select appropriate tools (e.g., thermometers, meter sticks, balances, and
graduated cylinders) and make quantitative observations. • 5 IE 6.c. Plan and conduct
a simple investigation based on a student-developed question and write instructions
others can follow to carry out the procedure.
Apply It
From Cells
to Organisms
Procedure
Peel the skin of an onion.
Make a wet-mount slide by placing a small
• gloves
piece of the onion skin in the center of the
slide, then put a drop of water on the onion • goggles
skin. Carefully put a cover slip on top. • onion
Observe View the onion skin under low • slides
power. What do the cells looks like? Draw what
• water
you see.
• microscope
Observe Use the hand lens to observe
another piece of onion skin. Draw what • hand lens
you see.
Step
Take the remaining onion and remove all of
its parts. Make a diagram of the structure of
the onion.
Draw Conclusions
Compare Are the various onion cells you
observed in the onion layer similar or different?
Infer How do these cells work together?
Explore More
Step
Research the levels of organization of the onion
plant. Answer these questions with a labeled
diagram. What is an onion? Is it part of the root
or the stem?
▶ Reading Skill
Compare and Contrast ▼ Diatoms are unicellular living things
found in fresh water and salt water.
2WTTS`S\b /ZWYS 2WTTS`S\b
38
EXPLAIN
Nutrition The ability to take in food or raw materials to support other life processes
Reading Charts
What is respiration?
Quick Check
Clue: Look at the rows in the
Compare and Contrast What activities chart. Find the row that gives
are common to all living things? information about respiration.
39
EXPLAIN
Reading Diagrams
Quick Check
Compare and Contrast How do
organs compare to organ systems?
Critical Thinking Do you think
cells from different organs, like the
heart and lungs, can be switched?
Explain.
41
EXPLAIN
skeletal
system
root
system
What are some plant and and brain are part of systems that
control the salamander’s movements
animal organ systems? and responses. The salamander has an
Multicellular organisms, like a organ system for respiration. Its skin
dandelion plant or a salamander, have and lungs are organs in this system.
several organ systems. Plants and The skin is also part of the organ
animals use different organ systems to system that protects the salamander.
carry out their life processes. The salamander’s heart is part of the
organ system that transports its blood
The roots of a dandelion, and other
and other materials.
plants, are the main organ in the root
system. Stems and leaves are organs of
the shoot system. Plants also have other Quick Check
systems for transporting materials and Compare and Contrast Which
for reproduction. organ systems of plants and animals
The salamander, like other animals, carry out similar functions?
has an organ system that breaks down Critical Thinking Can an organ be
food for energy. The stomach is part part of two organ systems?
of this system. The bones, muscles,
42
EXPLAIN
Step
Experiment
Observe
Experiment
Step
Compare
Inquiry Guided
Remember to follow
the steps of the
scientific process.
Ask a Question
Inquiry Open
Form a Hypothesis
Draw Conclusions
Diversity of
Organisms
Explore More
What traits could you use to identify other
organisms, such as birds? Research another Step
group of organisms and create a classification key Classification Key for Plants
for them. Your key should begin with general traits
1. Stem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Go to 2
and end with traits that are more specific. No stem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moss
47
EXPLORE
;OW\7RSO 2SbOWZa
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Quick Check
Main Idea How do
classification systems
organize organisms?
Species
Critical Thinking Do
you think cats belong
in a group with horses?
Explain.
49
EXPLAIN
▲ monarch butterfly
on daisy flower Reading Photos
50
EXPLAIN
include frogs, salamanders, and toads. internal or an external shell. Snails and
Reptiles are land vertebrates with thick, clams are mollusks with external shells.
dry, scaly skin. Snakes, lizards, turtles, Octopuses are mollusks with internal
and alligators are all reptiles. Birds have shells. Arthropods have a hard outer
wings and feathers. Ducks, chickens, and skeleton, jointed legs, and bodies that
robins are all birds. Mammals have hair are broken up into sections.
and are fed from their mothers’ bodies
when they are young. Quick Check
Some invertebrate phyla are Main Idea What are the main
sponges, mollusks (MOL•uhsks), and characteristics of organisms in the
arthropods (AHR•thruh•pods). Sponges animal kingdom?
are simple animals that live in water.
Their bodies are hollow tubes with Critical Thinking What is the
small holes in them. Sponges eat by first thing scientists would want to
using their cells to trap food that is know about a new animal in order
carried into their bodies by water. to classify it?
Mollusks are invertebrates with an
51
EXPLAIN
Plant Kingdom
nonvascular vascular
Reading Diagrams
Fungus Kingdom
yeast mushrooms
morels mold smut
mildew rust
Quick Check
Main Idea What is a fungus?
54
EXPLAIN
Bacteria Kingdom
Ancient
True Bacteria
Bacteria
55
EXPLAIN
Protist Kingdom
Quick Check
Main Idea What are the three main groups of protists?
Summarize
▶ To summarize the
Write About It passage, briefly retell it
Summarize in your own words.
Make a chart that tells the steps for ▶ Focus on the most
preserving cells. Use your chart to write important events or
a summary of the process Angelique
pieces of information.
uses to freeze cells from organisms.
Write About It
160
80
40
Solve It
1. California redwood trees are the 20
tallest trees in the world. Assume
a redwood is now 25 years old and 0
it has grown 3 feet per year. Fill 0 20 40 60 80 100
Height
3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51
in feet
63
2 Which of the following organisms Which of the following traits did the
is most likely a protist? student most likely use to classify
A multicellular organism with the organisms? 5 IE 6.a
vascular tissues A cell walls or no cell walls
B unicellular organism without B vascular or nonvascular
a distinct nucleus C vertebrate or invertebrate
C unicellular organism that can D protists or fungi
produce its own food
D multicellular organism with 5 A scientist finds a unicellular
a backbone organism that consumes decaying
materials. In which of the following
3 Which part of a plant cell breaks kingdoms should the organism
down food into energy? be classified?
A cytoplasm A plant
B mitochondrion B bacteria
C cell wall C animal
D vacuole D fungi
64
Building Block questions for 5 LS 2.a. Students know many multicellular organisms
have specialized structures to support the transport of materials.