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A Project Report On Scada System: Submitted By:-Sanskar Sagar Electrical 2017/130
A Project Report On Scada System: Submitted By:-Sanskar Sagar Electrical 2017/130
A Project Report On Scada System: Submitted By:-Sanskar Sagar Electrical 2017/130
PROJECT REPORT ON
SCADA SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY:-
SANSKAR SAGAR
ELECTRICAL
2017/130
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Acknowledgement
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Abstract
• This report summarizes the work done by me during the six Weeks
internship at SLDC, PSTCL, Ablowal, Patiala. I have worked on one
projects, SCADA and its Allied Equipments stand for stands for
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. This system is responsible
for gathering, processing and displaying information about the state
of monitoring system. From a SCADA control center, operates and
application programs can oversee and change the operating state of
monitored devices. It enables operators to control field devices for
their consoles. The system must be able to acquire & present large
amount of data securely, clearly & coherently so that an operator can
make appropriate decision. Thus both current live data and list data is
required here.
• Here in SLDC with the help of SCADA the all the data acquired from
other SLDC is made available to display and reporting. It coordinates
and controls the power flow within the home state. The SLDC collects
data directly from RTUS’s connected to SLDC and indirectly from its
Sub-SLDC’s. The other important function of SLDC is to maintain the
system parameters viz. frequency, voltage remains close to nominal
values.
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• The report also gives an overview of 220kv Grid Sub substation. It
includes electricity transmission and distribution processes at
Ablowalsubstation. Substation is an assembly of apparatus which is
installed to control transmission and distribution of electric power, its
two main divisions are outdoor and indoor substation. Different
equipments used in substations, Bus-bar, surge arrestor, Isolator,
Earth switches, Current Transformers etc. Transformer which is being
used here is core and shell type transformer for stepping up and
down purposes. Different Instruments transformers, voltage, Current
and CV transformers are also being used. Finally the CVT rating which
gives a total output overview.
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INDEX
CHAPTER – 1
5
Chapter- 2
SCADA SYSTEM
• 2.3.1 TRANSDUCERS………………………...14
• 2.3.4 MODEM………………………....20
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1.1 ABOUT SLDC, Patiala
• SLDC may levy and collect such fee and charges from the generating
companies and licensees engaged in intra-State transmission of
electricity as may be specified by the State Commission.
• Each SLDC shall regulate the load / own generation under its control
so that it may not draw more than its net drawl schedule during low
frequency conditions and less than its drawl schedule during high
frequency conditions.
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1.4 VOLTAGE CONTROL
As defined in the IEGC section 6.2 (g), the operating range of the
voltage at various voltage levels of grid are as follows:
• The maximum and minimum values in the above table are the
outer limits and it is to ensure that the voltage level is maintained
well within the above limits.
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1.6 OPERATING MAN POWER• The control rooms of all
SLDCs, power plants, grid substations as well as any other control
centres of regional constituents shall be manned round the clock by
qualified and adequately trained manpower who would remain
vigilant and cooperative at all the times so as to maintain the system
safety and security and operate it in a most optimum manner
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Chapter- 2
• The SCADA system used to gather the data from sensors and
instruments located at remote area. The computer then processes
this data and presents in a timely manner. The SCADA system gathers
the information (like leak on a pipeline occurred) and transfer the
information back to the system while giving the alerts that leakage
has occurred and displays the information in a logical and organized
fashion
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2.2 Functions performed by SCADA
• Data Acquisit3ions
• Supervisory Control
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• SCADA can acquire process and display data from three types of
devices in the monitored system. These device types are:
• Transducers
• Modem
• PLCC
14
2.3.1 TRANSDUCERS
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2.3.2 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS AND CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
• The current transformer consists of only one or very few turns as its
primary winding. This primary winding can be of either a single flat
turn, a coil of heavy duty wire wrapped around the core
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• Due to this type of arrangement, the current transformer is often
referred to as a “series transformer” as the primary winding, which
never has more than a very few turns, is in series with the current
carrying conductor supplying a load.
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2.3.3. REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)
Station, length of Transmission lines etc. & also digital data like status
of isolators, circuit breakers
RTU shall also be used for control of station devices from Master
station. RTUs are basically
• Stand-alone mode
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that they consume minimum power and have considerable self-
diagnostic facility. The main parts of RTUs are:
• The data is acquired from various stations with the help of RTUs.
The various parameters, which are to be acquired, are first taken
from the substation/generating station through current transformer
and potential transformer and brought to the control room in the
control panels. these control panels the connections are taken and
given to the transducers, which lower down the levelof the signals.
These signals are of two typesdigital and analog. RTU support data
transmission at the rate of 50 to 9600 bits per sec.
RTU Hardware
Inputs Outputs
a.Analoginputs (AI) b.Counterinputs (CI)
b. Digital outputs (DO) c. Digital inputs (DI)
Memory Communications and Other equipment • Static and Dynamic
Memory
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c. Communication interface(s) • Control processor and associated
memory
IL : INDICATING LAM
20
2.3.4 MODEM
• Modem
• Amplitude modulation
• Frequency modulation
• Phase modulation
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2.3.5 POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
(PLCC)
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2.3.5.COUPLING CAPACITOR
2.3.5.3 ATTENUATION
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2.3.5. Advantages of PLCC
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2.3.6 FRONT END PROCESSOR • There are two types of
front end processors •
• The software that communicates between the data server and CFE
is called telemetric front end. In addition to this, TFE also maintains
information regarding the configuration of the communication
components and facilitates interfacing with devices having a variety
of communication protocols.
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2.3.7 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SERVER AND
RTU
• In SCADA system, each control site has two host computers. There
will be two redundant TFEs, which will both be in communication
with operational SCADA. Each telemetry front end and
communication front end functions as independent unit. Host
computer will continue scanning. The host may switch
communication from one path to an alternate path that is on another
CFE or TFE without requiring a host failure. The CFEs communicate
with RTUs and performs several functions to minimize data
processing on the host computer.
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Conclusion
• I think that my training was successful at SLDC building Ablowal.
The site gave me the perfect knowledge about the theory as well as
practical. By the end of first three months of my training I was able to
learn about SCADA and its components and has learned how SCADA
is implemented in grids and is playing a very big role in the
transmission and distribution of the electricity. In the training session
I came to know about the fundamentals of SACDA system which may
be quite useful in future.
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