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    The document describes several coastal defense techniques including hard engineering methods like sea walls, groynes, and rock armour as well as soft engineering techniques like beach nourishment and a "do nothing" approach. It outlines how each technique works, potential advantages like protecting land from erosion, and disadvantages such as high costs or requiring ongoing maintenance. Maintaining beaches can defend against erosion and flooding while attracting tourism, but techniques vary in expenses and environmental impacts.

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    The document describes several coastal defense techniques including hard engineering methods like sea walls, groynes, and rock armour as well as soft engineering techniques like beach nourishment and a "do nothing" approach. It outlines how each technique works, potential advantages like protecting land from erosion, and disadvantages such as high costs or requiring ongoing maintenance. Maintaining beaches can defend against erosion and flooding while attracting tourism, but techniques vary in expenses and environmental impacts.

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    17 views1 page

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    api-477201857
    The document describes several coastal defense techniques including hard engineering methods like sea walls, groynes, and rock armour as well as soft engineering techniques like beach nourishment and a "do nothing" approach. It outlines how each technique works, potential advantages like protecting land from erosion, and disadvantages such as high costs or requiring ongoing maintenance. Maintaining beaches can defend against erosion and flooding while attracting tourism, but techniques vary in expenses and environmental impacts.

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    Defence type and picture How it works Advantages Disadvantages

    Sea wall (Hard engineering A wall built on the edge of the coastline. Protects the base of cliffs, land and buildings Expensive to build. Curved sea walls reflect
    technique) against erosion. Can prevent coastal the energy of the waves back to the sea. This
    flooding in some areas. means that the waves remain powerful. Over
    time the wall may begin to erode. The cost of
    maintenance is high.

    Groynes (Hard engineering A wooden barrier built at right angles to the Prevents the movement of beach material Can be seen as unattractive.
    technique) beach. along the coast by longshore drift. Costly to build and maintain.
    Allows the build-up of a beach. Beaches are
    a natural defence against erosion and an
    attraction for tourists.

    Rock armour (Hard engineering Large boulders are piled up on the beach. Absorbs the energy of waves. Can be expensive to obtain and transport the
    technique) Allows the build-up of a beach. boulders. Some come as far as Norway.

    Beach nourishment (Soft The process of dumping or pumping sand Beaches are a natural defence against It is a relatively inexpensive option but
    engineering technique) from elsewhere onto an eroding shoreline erosion and coastal flooding. Beaches also requires constant maintenance to replace the
    to create a new beach or to widen the attract tourists. beach material as it is washed away.
    existing beach.

    Do nothing (also one of the 4 Low value land is left to the sea. That’s it! Encourages the development of beaches (a People will need to be compensated for loss
    management strategies) natural defence) and salt of buildings and farmland.
    marshes (important for the environment)
    and cost is low. These areas attract wildlife
    which bring in tourists.

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