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Torsion Validation Problems
Torsion Validation Problems
Applies To
Product(s): STAAD.Pro
Version(s): All
Environment: N/A
Shayan Roy
Original Author:
Bentley Technical Support Group
1. Introduction:
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The following is a validation problem of a detailed torsion check including the warping stresses on a
UB 203x203x60 which has been subjected to a uniformly distributed load across the full span and a
torsional moment at the centre of the span.
The detailed torsion check in the EN 1993-1-1:2005 implementation in STAAD.Pro has been invoked
by using the TOR 2 parameter.
The combination of the uniformly distributed load and the torsional moment resembles the load
acting at a distance from the shear center.
The implementation calculates the torsional stresses and capacities as per P057. Please refer to
STAAD.Pro EN 1993-1-1:2005 implementation: Calculation of Torsional Capacities of Cross
Sections as per SCI P057 for details on this.
2. Validation Problem:
A British I section beam (UB 203x203x60, S275 grade steel) , 4 m long fixed at both the ends has
been subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 1 KN/m , a concentrated point load 1000 KN at the
midpoint and a concentrated torque of 7.5 KNm at the midpoint.
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The maximum Bending Moment (Mz) at the end is 51.33 KNm and at mid point is 50.7 KNm.
STAAD SPACE
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 4 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2;
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
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TYPE STEEL
1 TABLE ST UC203X203X60
CONSTANTS
SUPPORTS
1 2 FIXED
MEMBER LOAD
1 CMOM GX 7.5 2
1 CON GY -100 2
1 UNI GY -1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PARAMETER 1
CODE EN 1993-1-1:2005
SGR 1 ALL
CMT 3 ALL
TORSION 2 ALL
TRACK 2 ALL
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FINISH
Section: UB 203x203x60
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(In Staad, a member is designed at 13 intermediate sections along the length of the member
and the most critical section is reported. For the calculation purpose, we will only design
only at z =1m and z =2m.)
The critical ratio for this clause is evaluated at 1m from start of the member as per the
STAAD Output File.
As the ends are fixed for torsion and warping and the member is subjected to a concentrated torque,
we will use Case 5 of Appendix B, P057 (as directed in Table 6.1, P057). This condition is specified
by specifying the CMT parameter as 3.
K1 = {(1/0.999*(1-3.483)+1/23.297*(3.483-1)+3.3368-1.9199)} / {1/23.247*(23.269+3.483*23.269-
3.483-1)-1.9199-3.3368}
= 0.9989
K2 = 1/0.9989*1/23.247*(3.483-1)+(3.483-23.269+3.8398*23.247)/23.247
= 3.0955
K3 = 0.043+3.3368- 3.483/0.999
= -0.1067
K4 = 3.3368-3.4867+1.009
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= 0.851
K5 = 1/0.99891*1/0.999*(1-3.483)+(1-3.483*23.269)/23.247
= -5.931
Now,
= 3.3476*10-5
= - 6*10-11
Warping Torsion component: T w = -EH Ф’’’ = 205000*1.97*1011 * -6*10-11 / 106 = -2.42KNm (against
the value
reported as 2.5 by STAAD)
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Hence, the critical ratio of 0.236 is reported by Staad for this clause. An extract from code
check details of the STAAD Output file is as below:
Clause 6.2.7(5) refers back to the yield criterion of clause 6.2.1(5). The critical ratio for this clause is
reported at a distance of 2 metres from the start of the member.
ф = (7.5*106*1041.72)/(78846.15*47.2*104 )*1/(1+0.9989)*[(0.9989*(-.1067)+0.851)*
(2.483)-3.3368+1.9199
= 0.045
Ф’ = (7.5*106)/(78846.15*47.2*104 )*1/1.9989*(0.744*3.3368-3.483+1)
= -4.243*10-8
= - 7.2146*10-8
= -9.295*10-11
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The program calculates the stress at 4 points of any cross sections as illustrated:
Let us calculate the stress at mid span, z = 2m from the start of the member.
Point 1:
Bending Stress:
= 86.82 N/mm²
= (50.7*0.0045)/(201*103
Warping Stress:
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Warping Shear Stress: σtw = 0. (Warping Shear is not produced at end point of flange)
Shear Stress due to Direct Shear V : τb = 0. (Shear Stress due to bending is not produced at the
flange end)
The stress check will be performed using equation 6.1 of EN 1993-1-1:2005 as given below:
σxEd = Axial stress + (Bending Stress) z +(Bending Stress)y + Normal Stress due to warping.
τEd =Shear stress due to Direct Shear + Shear stress due to pure torsion + Shear stress due to
warping torsion.
τEd = 0.0475
Point 2:
Bending Stress:
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Warping Stress:
= 9.86 N/mm²
Where Vy is the shear at the section and Q f is the statical moment at the flange.
Hence,
Point 3:
Point 4:
Bending Stress:
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Warping Stress:
Warping Normal Stress: σwf = 0 (Normal warping Stress is 0 at web, warping is always at flange)
Warping Shear Stress: σtw = 0 (Warping Shear Stress is 0 at web, warping is always at
flange)
Shear Stress: τtw = 0 ( Shear stress at mid web is 0 due to pure torsion)
Where Vy is the shear at the section and Q w is the statical moment at the web.
Q w = (205.8*14.2*97.7) + (90.6*9.2*90.6)/2
= 323273 mm3
Hence critical ratio is 0.805 at location 1 of the cross section. The same ratio is reported by
Staad. An extract from the STAAD Output File is as below:
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As per clause 6.2.7(9) of the code, for combined shear and Torsional moment the plastic shear
resistance accounting for Torsional effects should be reduced from Vpl,Rd to V pl,T,Rd and the
design shear force should be less than this reduced shear strength. The critical ratio for this clause is
calculated at a distance of 1 metre from the start of the section.
= 7640-2*(205.8*14.2)+(9.2+2*10.2)*14.2
= 2215.6 mm2
= 351.77 KN
And,
τ t, Ed = Gt Ф’ = 78846.15*14.2*3.347*10-5
So,
An extract from the output file shows the ratio reported as below:
This clause is essentially for crane run-away beams and found in EN 1993-6:2007, Annex A.
However, this is checked for I sections subjected to bending and torsion in order to assess the
interaction between torsion and lateral torsional buckling.
Clause A.1 states that members that are subjected to combined bending and torsion should satisfy:
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Thus, z = 0.
At z =0, we have Ф = 0.
kα = 1/ (1- (Mz,Ed)/Mz,Cr )) = 1/(1-51.3/288.9) = 1.216 (The value of Mcr =288.9 KNm is taken from
Staad result)
Hence, χLT = 148.4/180.4 = 0.8226 (The Mb,RD , Wy , fy values has been taken from Staad)
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(51.3)/(0.8226*180.4) + 0 + (0.6727*1*1.216*3.75)/(27.5)
An extract from the output file as below shows the ratio reported:
A pdf version of this article can be downloaded from the following link:
http://communities.bentley.com/products/structural/structural_analysis___design/m/structural_analysi
s_and_design_gallery/264639.aspx
Created by Shany
When: Tue, Oct 29 2013 2:55 AM
I've modified this example including a joint in the midle of the bar to calculate the rotation on that
point (rotation node 3: ф=0.076) and the results is NOT the same as calculated in chapter C.- of this
example (ф=0.045).
STAAD SPACE
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
*Warping fixed
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SET WARP 1
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 4 0 0; 3 2 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 3; 2 3 2;
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 2.05e+008
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 76.8195
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
TYPE STEEL
1 2 TABLE ST UC203X203X60
CONSTANTS
SUPPORTS
1 2 FIXED
JOINT LOAD
3 MX 7.5
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -100 2
1 2 UNI GY -1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
*PARAMETER 1
*CODE EN 1993-1-1:2005
*TRACK 2 ALL
*SGR 1 ALL
*CMT 1 ALL
*TORSION 2 ALL
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*UNL 4 ALL
*LZ 4 ALL
*LY 4 ALL
*UNF 4 ALL
*ALH 1 ALL
FINISH
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