PETROL (4 STROKE) DIESEL (4 STROKE) DESCRIPTIONS

Cylinder Block Cylinder Block PETROL: Engine Blocks (sometimes called Cylinder Blocks) are the large casings that contain

the Cylinder and its internal components, intake and exhaust passages, coolant passages,

crankcases, and other internal components.

DIESEL: The cylinder block is the main supporting structure of an engine. Cylinder block is

mounted with cylinder head at top and crankcase at the bottom. ... Cylinder head consists of

systems for air, fuel injection and spark plug (in case of SI engines). Crankcase gives housing

to crank and acts as a sump for lubricating oil.

Crankshaft Crankshaft DIESEL: The crankshaft is forged in one piece. Counterweights are fitted on every web. High

degree of balancing results in an even and thick oil film for all bearings.

PETROL: A crankshaft is a shaft driven by a crank mechanism, consisting of a series of cranks

and crankpins to which the connecting rods of an engine are attached. It is a mechanical part

able to perform a conversion between reciprocating motion and rotational motion.

Connecting rod Connecting rod DIESEL: A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is a rigid member which connects a piston to

a crank or crankshaft in a reciprocating engine. Together with the crank, it forms a simple

mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion.

 PETROL : A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is a rigid member which connects a piston

to a crank or crankshaft in a reciprocating engine. Together with the crank, it forms a simple

mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion.

Cylinder head Cylinder head DIESEL: Is attached to the top of the block with a cylinder head gasket

between the two. It houses inlet valve/s, exhaust valve/s and a

fuel injector for each cylinder.

PETROL: In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often informally abbreviated to

just head) sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the

cylinder, forming the combustion chamber.

Camshaft Camshaft DIESEL: Is chain or gear driven from the crankshaft and does one

revolution for every two revolutions of the crankshaft.

PETROL: The camshaft is a mechanical component of an internal combustion engine. It opens

and closes the inlet and exhaust valves of the engine at the right time, with the exact stroke
 and in a precisely defined sequence. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft by way of

gearwheels, a toothed belt or a timing chain.

Intake Valve Inlet valve/ DIESEL: One or two are fitted in the cylinder head for each cylinder and

open to allow the intake of air into the cylinder on the induction

stroke.

PETROL: Valves or ports control the timing of air flow to the cylinder. ... In four stroke engines,

intake gas enters the cylinder through a port located in the cylinder head and past a valve used

to open and close the port.

Exhaust valve Exhaust valve DIESEL: One or two are fitted in the cylinder head for each cylinder to

allow the exhaust gases to be discharged into the exhaust

manifold on the exhaust stroke.

PETROL: An exhaust valve is a physical component located in a cylinder head. Its purpose is

to open and close which will allow exhaust gas, or the results of a burned combustion, to

escape the combustion chamber so that fresh air can be brought in to repeat the combustion

cycle.
Sump Sump PETROL: An oil pump takes oil from the sump at the bottom of the crankcase
and feeds it through pipes to the bearings of the crankshaft. A sump is a
container, such as the lower part of the crankcase of an internal-combustion
engine, into which liquids can drain and be used again.
DIESEL: The oil is used to lubricate the engine's moving parts and it pools in a
reservoir known as its sump, at the bottom of the engine. ... The sump sits below
the main tank and is used as a filter, as well as a holding place of unsightly
equipment such as heaters and protein skimmers.
Piston Piston DIESEL: Moves up and down in the cylinder liner and is sealed by
piston rings. It is connected to the connecting rod by a gudgeon
pin. Piston rings are fitted to grooves machined in the piston
The number of rings can vary but have compression rings at the
top and usually one oil scraper ring on the bottom.
PETROL: A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating
pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar
mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is
made gas-tight by piston rings.
Piston ring Piston ring DIESEL: The piston rides in the cylinder liner or sleeve as shown Major
Components of a Diesel Engine. Pistons are commonly made of aluminum or
cast iron alloys. ... The rings are usually made of cast iron and coated with
chrome or molybdenum.
PETROL: Piston rings maintain gas compression between the piston and the
cylinder wall. Piston rings seal the cylinder so that combustion gas generated at
the time of ignition does not leak into the opening between the piston and the
cylinder.
Intake Manifold Intake Manifold DIESEL: An intake manifold is a system of passages which conduct the fuel
mixture from the
 carburetor to the intake valves of the engine. Manifold design has much to do
with
the efficient operation of an engine. For smooth and even operation, the fuel
charge
taken into each cylinder should be of the same strength and quality.
PETROL: The intake manifold is a series of tubes that distributes the air coming
into the engine evenly to each of the cylinders, so that the right amount of air can
mix with the right amount of gas.

Exhaust Manifold Exhaust Manifold Diesel: An exhaust manifold is a part of the internal engine that collects the
exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe. In internal combustion
engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide emissions reduction
technique used in diesel engines.
PETROL: Exhaust manifolds are generally simple cast iron or stainless steel
units which collect engine exhaust gas from multiple cylinders and deliver it to
the exhaust pipe. ... This decreases the amount of heat given off into the engine
bay, therefore reducing the intake manifold temperature.

Fuel One is fitted in the cylinder head for each cylinder and is like a
injector spring loaded valve. It allows fuel to be sprayed into the
cylinder at the precise moment in an atomised form.
Spark plug Electrical energy is transmitted through the spark plug, jumping the gap in the
plugs firing end if the voltage supplied to the plug is high enough. This electrical
spark ignites the gasoline/air mixture in the combustion chamber. To remove
heat from the combustion chamber.
 Fuel An Injection Pump is the device that pumps diesel (as the fuel) into the cylinders
injection of a diesel engine. Traditionally, the injection pump is driven indirectly

Rocker Arm Rocker Arm DIESEL: A rocker arm (in the context of an internal combustion engine of
automotive, marine, motorcycle and reciprocating aviation types) is an oscillating
lever that conveys radial movement from the cam lobe into linear movement at
the poppet valve to open it. ... The opposite end opens the valve.
PETROL: The rocker arm is an oscillating lever that conveys radial movement
from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it. One end
is raised and lowered by a rotating lobe of the camshaft (either directly or via a
tappet (lifter) and pushrod) while the other end acts on the valve stem.
Oil Filter Oil Filter DIESEL: The oil filters on diesel engines are typically much larger and have a
higher holding capacity than those on gasoline engines. Many heavy-duty trucks
have used two separate oil filters: a full flow filter and a bypass filter to help
assure good filtration under all operating conditions.
PETROL:
Distributor PETROL: A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition
internal combustion engines that have mechanically-timed ignition. The
distributor's main function is to route secondary, or high voltage, current from the
ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct
amount of time.

Injection pump An Injection Pump is the device that pumps diesel (as the fuel) into the cylinders
of a diesel engine. Traditionally, the injection pump is driven indirectly from the
crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt) that also
drives the camshaft.
Valve Spring Valve Spring DIESEL: Valve Spring: Almost all engines use valve springs to close the intake
and exhaust valve during combustion cycles for internal or diesel combustion
 engines. ... A valve spring also pushes back against all the other parts like the
rocker arm, pushrod and lifter to maintain pressure on the cam lobe.
PETROL: Pressurized air (nitrogen) is pumped into this cylinder which then
causes the piston/retainer to rise to the top of cylinder, causing the valve to form
an airtight seal with the seat. The compressed gas then becomes the spring, so
to speak, but does not have the same traits as springs do at elevated rpm.

Oil pan gasket Oil pan gasket The oil pan gasket seals the oil pan to the bottom of the engine. The engine has
a lot of moving parts that need to be kept lubricated by the engine oil, without
which the parts will damage each other. The oil pan and the gaskets are located
under the car and are attached to the bottom of the engine.