Design And Analysis of Microstrip DGS Patch

Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth for Ku Band

Applications

Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal Santanu Dwari

Dept. of Electronics Engineering Dept. of Electronics Engineering
Indian School Mines Indian School Mines
Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India-826004 Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India-826004
mukesh.khandelwal89@gmail.com Santanu_dwari@rediffmail.com

Binod Kumar Kanaujia Sachin Kumar

E.C.E. Dept. E.C.E. Dept.
A.I.A.C.T. & R, A.I.A.C.T. & R,
Delhi, India-110031 Delhi, India-110031
bkkanaujia@ieee.org Gupta.sachin0708@gmail.com

Abstract— A wide band Microstrip antenna with defected II. DESIGNING AND CONFIGURATION OF MPA
ground plane structure is proposed for Ku Band applications.
The schematic of proposed MPA is shown in Fig. 1. A
The design procedure is presented and characteristics of the
antenna are analyzed. A 50-ohm Microstrip line is used to excite circular slot of radius a is integrated in the ground plane and
the circular slot integrated in ground plane. The measured 50-Ω Microstrip line of width w and length Lml is used for
results demonstrate that the structure exhibits a wide impedance feeding the structure and placed on the other side of the
bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which substrate. The distance between the open end of Microstrip line
covers Ku-band and partially X-band. Within the band, stable and centre of the circular slot is referred as feeding distance r1.
radiation characteristics are observed. The designed antenna has
A. Designing of the Circular Slot
a gain ranging from 5dBi to 12.1dBi in impedance bandwidth
range. Isolation of about 20dB is observed between the co-polar The radius of circular slot a can be calculated as [7]
and cross-polarization level.
1
Keywords— Wide band Microstrip antenna; defected ground 2
structure (DGS); Circular slot, Cross-Polarization suppression 1 ln 1.7726
2
I. INTRODUCTION Where h’ and r is the thickness (in cm) and dielectric
Bandwidth enhancement of Microstrip patch antenna constant of the substrate respectively. And F is taken as
(MPA) is an attractive topic of research in now-a-days. For 8.791 10
improving the impedance bandwidth several studies has been
reported [1-3]. Microstrip antenna with Defected ground √
structure (DGS) is considered for enhancement of bandwidth Where, fmin is the lowest frequency of the design.
[1-5]. Microstrip antenna with DGS suppresses the cross-
polarization level to a good extent. Square shaped slot in B. Designing of the Microstrip Line
ground plane fed by a Microstrip line, and an impedance The width w of the Microstrip line can be chosen as [8]
bandwidth of 50% with antenna gain ranging from 3dBi to
6dBi has been reported [2]. 8
2
2
In the present communication, a MPA is proposed with a 1 ln 2 1
circular slot in the ground plane. The structure is fed by a 50-Ω 2
1 0.61 2
Microstrip line. The designing procedure is presented and an ln 1 0.39
enhanced impedance bandwidth of about 56.6% is achieved. 2
The proposed antenna is suitable for Ku band applications with (2)
a gain of about 5-12dBi. The structure is analyzed by Finite
Element Method (FEM) on Ansoft HFSS v.12 [6]. The Where,
simulated results are in good agreement with the measured.

978-1-4799-2174-4/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE

 III. DESIGN CONSIDE
ERATION AND RESULTS
1 1 0.11
0.23 DISCU
USSION
60 2 1
A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane
377 and structure is fed by an opeen ended 50-Ω Microstrip line.
The radius of the circular slot is chosen same as the radius of
2 √ simple circular Microstrip patch
p antenna (CMPA). But,
Where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of Microstrip line conventional CMPA shows a narrow impedance bandwidth.
and it is chosen as 50Ω for the design, and h is the thickness of By making a circular defect of same radius, the structure shows
the substrate. wide band characteristics. The designing frequency of
conventional CMPA is consideered as lowest frequency of wide
The length Lml of the Microstrip line can be
b calculated as band MPA with DGS as in thee case of designing of wide band
5 antennas the designing frequenncy is considered as the lowest
λ 3 frequency of the impedance bandwidth [9]. The designing
4
frequency for proposed structurre is considered as 10 GHz. The
Where, calculated dimensions of proposed antenna are listed in Table I.
The structure is analyzed on HFSS v.12 based upon Finite
Element Method (FEM). RT R Duroid-5880 substrate of
dimension 36mm*36mm is ussed. The dielectric constant r,
Where, c is the speed of light in free spaace and eff is the loss tangent, and thickness h of
o the substrate are taken as 2.2,
effective dielectric constant of the Microstrip line is 0.0009 and 0.762 mm respectivvely.
1 1 1 TABLE I. DESIGNING SP
PECIFICATIONS OF THE PROPOSED
A
ANTENNA.
2 2 12
1 Parameter Value (unit-mm) Parameter Value (unit-mm)
a 5.50 Lml 27.41
r1 1.50 h 0.762
w 2.30 L 36

The open ended Microstripp line works as a matching stub

for the structure. A fringing capacitance
c is added due to the
open end discontinuity at Miccrostrip line edge. By varying a
feeding distance r1, a consiiderable change in impedance
characteristics is encountered. In Fig.2 the variations in input
impedance with respect to r1 iss shown for 10GHz. From Fig. 2
r1 is chosen as 1.4517mm corresponding to 50-Ω input
impedance.

(a)

Fig. 2 Input impedance variaations with r1 for 10GHz freq.

The return loss of fabriccated antenna is measured on
Agilent Network Analyzer PNA-LP Series. An impedance
(b) (c) bandwidth of 56.6% is achievved. In range from 9.8 GHz to
Fig.1 Structure of the proposed antenna (a) schem
matic, (b) top view of 17.55 GHz the return loss levell is below 10 dB and considered
fabricated antenna, (c) bottom view of fabricaated antenna as impedance bandwidth. Tw wo resonances are occurred at
frequencies 10.8 GHz and 15.1 GHz. The S11 S levels at these
resonances are -14.4 dB and -15.1 dB respecctively. The second
resonance of the measured result is little shifted
s towards its
lower value from 15.1 GHz. These little errors between
simulated and measured results of propoosed antenna are
occurred due to some fabrications lossees. However, the
measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The
measured and simulated S11 vs. Freq. plot and VSWR vs. Freq.
plot are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respecttively. VSWR less
than 2 is considered as the impedance bandwiidth.

Fig. 5 Simulated antenna Gain variations

v corresponding to frequency

The proposed antenna show ws stable radiation pattern in all

Fig. 3 Measured and Simulated S11 variations vs.. Freq. of the antenna
frequency range. The Co-Poolar and Cross-Polar radiation
pattern of the antenna in H-Plane and E-Plane are shown in
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 respectively. The
T radiation patterns are plotted
at resonant frequencies 10.8GH Hz and 15.1GHz. Almost same
patterns are achieved at both the frequencies in each plane.
Linearly polarized fields in a reference
r plane are supposed to
radiate. However, some degree of orthogonally polarized fields
is always associated with thee radiating energy, referred as
Cross-Polarized radiation. Thee cross-Polarization level of the
proposed antenna is less than -335dB and -25dB in H-Plane and
E-Plane respectively for thee entire band. The minimum
isolation between Co-Polar annd Cross-Polar radiation level is
about 20dB in H-Plane at an anngle of 900 , expect this angle the
isolation is about 35dB in H-Plane. The isolation between Co-
Polar and Cross-Polarization levvel in E-Plane is about 15dB.

Fig. 4 Measured and Simulated VSWR vs. Freq.. plot of the antenna

The simulated gain characteristic of the anntenna is shown in

Fig. 5. The Antenna gain is varying from 5.1dBi
5 to 12.08dBi
in impedance bandwidth. Two peaks are achieved in gain
variations with respect to frequency at 10.8 GHz and 16.35
GHz. Two peaks are occurring in gain variaations near to both
resonance frequencies. At 10.8 GHz and 16..35 GHz peak gain
level is about 5.8 dBi and 12.08 dBi respectivvely. Fig.6 Simulated Co-Polar and Cross-P
Polarization level in H-Plane at 10.8GHz
and 155.1GHz
 [8] D. M. Pozar, “Microwave Enginneering,” John Wieley & Sons, ed. 2nd ,
1998.
[9] M.K. Khandelwal, B.K. Kanaujiaa, and A.K. Gautam, “Low Profile Uwb
Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna for Wireless Communication with
Notched Band,” MICROWAV VE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY
LETTERS, Vol. 55, No. 12, pp. 2901-2906,
2 December 2013.

Fig.7 Simulated Co-Polar and Cross-Polarization level in

i E-Plane at 10.8GHz
and 15.1 GHz

IV. CONCLUSION

The Microstrip line fed antenna with circcular shaped defect

in ground plane is designed and fabricateed. An impedance
bandwidth of 56.6% ranging from 9.8 GHzz to 17.55GHz has
been achieved. The measured results are inn good agreement
with the simulated. A gain of 5dBi-12.08ddBi is achieved in
impedance bandwidth. The antenna producess a stable radiation
pattern in the impedance bandwidth. The Cross-Polarization
levels are below -35dB and -20dB in H-P Plane and E-Plane
respectively. The isolations between the Coo-Polar and Cross-
Polarization levels are about 35dB and 15dB in H-Plane and E-
Plane. Thus, the antenna is a suitable canddidate for Ku-band
applications with good radiation characteristics.

REFERENCES

[1] Y. Sung, “Bandwidth Enhancement of a microsstrip Line Fed Printed

Wide-Slot Antenna with a Parasitic Center Patchh,” IEEE Transactions
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[3] Y.t Chen, S.W. Wu, and J.S. Row, “Broadband circularly-polarized slot
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2
[4] D. Guha, C.Kumar, and S. Pal, “Improveed Cross-Polarization
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[6] High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) Ansooft, ver. 12.
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