Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada
texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en
inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form,

or structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations:

sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability
companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual.

No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business
who has total control over all export-import operations and who can
make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of
sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export-import business as sole proprietorship is simple and
inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the state
level, registration of the business name is required, while at the federal
level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting records and
attach a profit or loss statement for the business when filing individual
tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They
must operate on a calendar year and can use the cash or accrual
method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations.

The owner makes all operational and management decisions
concerning the business. The owner can remove money or other
assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or she
can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from
other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax
exempt retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally
liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can
be bought to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance
protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products
or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of
the owner. Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to
capital is limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be obtained.
In addition, very few individuals have all the necessary skills to run an
export-import business, and the owner may lack certain skills. The
business may also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?
  Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.
VOCABULARIOS SIGNIFICADOS
Little: That has a smaller size than normal.
Losses: Small amount of blood or discharge
from the womb that is abnormally expelled
from the womb that is abnormally expelled
outside of the menstrual period.
Loans: A loan is an operation by which a
financial institution puts at our disposal a
certain amount of money through a contract.
Pequeño: que tiene un tamaño menor que lo
normal
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de sangre o flujo
procedente de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período menstrual.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una operación
por
la cual una entidad financiera pone a nuestra
Disposición una cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato.

Sole: It applies to one or several things of Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas de las
which or of whose species there are no cuales o de cuya especie no hay otras.
others.
Advantages: Circumstance or situation that
gives superiority in something.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to advise
and defend the rights and interests of another
Person in legal matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Without: indicates lack or lack of something
material or immaterial.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of being worse
or being in a worse situation one thing with
respect to others of the same nature with
which it is compared. Less favorable situation
in which a person or thing is with respect to
others with which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to advise
and defend the rights and interests of another
person in legal matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a process
that is based on a right of possession of a
certain person with respect to a certain good
That was delivered with some type of
specific.
objective
Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude, talent,
skill or ability that a person holds to carry out
and of course with success, certain activity,
work
Income: Amount of money earned or
collected.
Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by virtue
of which man can distinguish good from evil
and true from false
Applied: that puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the performance of a job or in
Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que da
superioridad en alguna cosa.
Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada
para
Asesorar y defender los derechos e intereses
de otra persona en materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indica falta o carencia de alguna cosa
material o inmaterial.
Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser peor o
estar en peor situación una cosa respecto a
otras de la misma naturaleza con la que se
compara. Situación menos favorable en que
se halla una persona o cosa respecto a otras
con las que se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada
para asesorar y defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en materia jurídica
y representarla en un pleito.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto de
entregar algo nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un derecho de
posesión de una determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud innata,
talento, destreza o capacidad que ostenta
una
persona para llevar a cabo y por supuesto
con
éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero ganada o
recaudada
Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede distinguir el bien del
mal y lo verdadero de lo falso.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
constancia en la realización de un trabajo o en
 the development of an activity, especially in
the study
Proprietorships: Property rights in the right,
the domain or property, is the direct and
immediate power over an object or good, by
which is attributed to its owner the ability to
dispose of it, without further limitations than
those imposed by law.
el desarrollo de una actividad, en especial en
el estudio
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el
derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el poder
directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o bien,
por
la que se atribuye a su titular la capacidad de
disponer del mismo, sin más limitaciones que
las que imponga la ley.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIL IDEAS

 How to carry out a business

 The owners are in charge of making all the decisions
 The director controls all export and import operations
 The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs
 There are different forms of commercial organizations
 The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción
literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente
progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a business

There's are different forms of commercial There's are differencing forms of commercial
organizations organizations
 The director controls all export and import The director controlling all export and import
operations operations

The sole proprietors are simple and lows in The sole proprietors are simple and
costs low in costing

The owners are in charges of make all the The owners are in charge of making all the
decisions decisions

The individual companies are governamental The individual companying are

governamental

The owners are responsible for their business The owners are responsible for their business

The individual owners have a lower rate than The individual owners having a lower rate
the tax rate than the tax rate

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where the
sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front of the
business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax
rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business.

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply
different processes why you should know what you should apply to have greater
knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even with a single
administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for
a better export or import in order to provide the company with better quality and good
recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its
advertising and industry growth
Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de
formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc
o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades propuestas,
saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.